miR-214

miR-214
Conserved secondary structure of miR-214 microRNA precursor
Identifiers
Symbol	miR-214
Alt. Symbols	MIR214
Rfam	RF00660
miRBase	MI0000290
miRBase family	MIPF0000062
Entrez	406996
HUGO	31591
OMIM	610721
RefSeq	NR_029627
Other data
RNA type	miRNA
Domain(s)	Metazoa
GO	0035195
SO	0001244
Locus	Chr. 1 q24.3

miR-214 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precusor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer.^[1] This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.^[2]

Function

miR-214 is a "melano-miR"^[3], so-called because it is thought to encourage the metastasis of melanoma. Specifically, the mature microRNA excised from miR-214 is predicted to target two activating protein 2 transcription factors, bringing about downstream effects on a number of genes regulating vital cell cycle processes, such as apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis.^[3]

miR-214 is also thought to regulate type-I collagen.^[4]

Role in cancer

miR-214 has been found to be downregulated in human cervical cancer; when miR-214 was upregulated in HeLa cancer cells, it was found to significantly reduce cell growth.^[5] Two mRNA targets were identified as those encoding the proteins MAP2K3 and MAPK8.^[5]

The increased expression of miR-214 in pancreatic cancer could bring about increased resistance to chemotherapy.^[6]

References

1. ^ Ambros, V (2001 Dec 28). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential.". Cell 107 (7): 823–6. PMID 11779458. 
2. ^ Gregory, RI; Chendrimada, TP, Cooch, N, Shiekhattar, R (2005 Nov 18). "Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing.". Cell 123 (4): 631–40. PMID 16271387. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Bar-Eli, M (2011 May 18). "Searching for the 'melano-miRs': miR-214 drives melanoma metastasis.". The EMBO journal 30 (10): 1880–1. PMID 21593728. 
4. ^ Maubach, G; Lim, MC, Chen, J, Yang, H, Zhuo, L (2011 Jun 14). "miRNA studies in in vitro and in vivo activated hepatic stellate cells.". World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 17 (22): 2748–73. PMID 21734783. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Yang, Z; Chen, S, Luan, X, Li, Y, Liu, M, Li, X, Liu, T, Tang, H (2009 Nov). "MicroRNA-214 is aberrantly expressed in cervical cancers and inhibits the growth of HeLa cells.". IUBMB life 61 (11): 1075–82. PMID 19859982. 
6. ^ Zhang, XJ; Ye, H, Zeng, CW, He, B, Zhang, H, Chen, YQ (2010 Nov 24). "Dysregulation of miR-15a and miR-214 in human pancreatic cancer.". Journal of hematology & oncology 3: 46. PMID 21106054.