miR-208

miR-208
Conserved secondary structure of miR-208 microRNA precursor
Identifiers
Symbol	miR-208
Alt. Symbols	MIR208
Rfam	RF00749
miRBase	MI0000251
miRBase family	MIPF0000178
Entrez	406990
HUGO	31585
OMIM	611116
RefSeq	NR_029595
Other data
RNA type	miRNA
Domain(s)	Metazoa
GO	0035195
SO	0001244
Locus	Chr. 14 q11.2

miR-208 is a family of microRNA precursors found in animals, including humans. The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precusor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer.^[1] This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference.^[2]

In humans, the gene for miR-208 is located in an intron of MYH7.^[3]

Function

miR-208 has been deemed a "myomiR"^[3] as it is specifically expressed, or found at much higher levels, in cardiac tissue. Other myomiRs include miR-1 and miR-133.^[3] miR-208 is though to be dysregulated in various cardiovascular diseases.^[4][5]

miR-208 functions in cardiomyocytes regulating the production of the myosin heavy chain during development.^[3] It also responds to stress and forms part of a hormonal signalling cascade in cardiac cells.^[6]

Applications

A preliminary study has shown a potential use in the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy.^[7] Another application has been suggested as using plasma concentration of miR-208 as a biomarker of damaged cardiac muscle cells.^[8]

References

1. ^ Ambros, V (2001 Dec 28). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential.". Cell 107 (7): 823–6. PMID 11779458. 
2. ^ Gregory, RI; Chendrimada, TP, Cooch, N, Shiekhattar, R (2005 Nov 18). "Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing.". Cell 123 (4): 631–40. PMID 16271387. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Malizia, AP; Wang, DZ (2011 Mar-Apr). "MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte development.". Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine 3 (2): 183–90. PMID 21305703. 
4. ^ Cai, B; Pan, Z, Lu, Y (2010). "The roles of microRNAs in heart diseases: a novel important regulator.". Current medicinal chemistry 17 (5): 407–11. PMID 20015039. (subscription required)
5. ^ Han, M; Toli, J, Abdellatif, M (2011 May). "MicroRNAs in the cardiovascular system.". Current opinion in cardiology 26 (3): 181–9. PMID 21464712. 
6. ^ van Rooij, E; Sutherland, LB, Qi, X, Richardson, JA, Hill, J, Olson, EN (2007 Apr 27). "Control of stress-dependent cardiac growth and gene expression by a microRNA.". Science (New York, N.Y.) 316 (5824): 575–9. PMID 17379774. 
7. ^ Satoh, M; Minami, Y, Takahashi, Y, Tabuchi, T, Nakamura, M (2010 May). "Expression of microRNA-208 is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in human dilated cardiomyopathy.". Journal of cardiac failure 16 (5): 404–10. PMID 20447577. 
8. ^ Ji, X; Takahashi, R, Hiura, Y, Hirokawa, G, Fukushima, Y, Iwai, N (2009 Nov). "Plasma miR-208 as a biomarker of myocardial injury.". Clinical chemistry 55 (11): 1944–9. PMID 19696117. 

Further reading

• Kukreja, RC; Yin, C, Salloum, FN (2011 Jul 7). "MicroRNA - New Players in Cardiac Injury and Protection.". Molecular pharmacology. PMID 21737570.