- Outline of Peru
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The Flag of Peru
An enlargeable map of the Republic of Peru
See also: Index of Peru-related articlesThe Republic of Peru is a sovereign country located in western South America.[1] Peru is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country with a medium Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 40%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles.
The Peruvian population, estimated at 28 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru:
General reference
An enlargeable relief map of Peru- Pronunciation:
- Common English country name: Peru
- Official English country name: The Republic of Peru
- Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Peruvian
- Demonym(s):
- Etymology: Name of Peru
- International rankings of Peru
- ISO country codes: PE, PER, 604
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PE
- Internet country code top-level domain: .pe
Geography of Peru
An enlargeable topographic map of PeruMain article: Geography of Peru- Peru is: a country
- Location:
- Southern Hemisphere
- Western Hemisphere
- Time in Peru
- Time zone: UTC-05
- Extreme points of Peru
- Land boundaries: 7,461 km
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- Coastline: South Pacific Ocean 2,414 km
- Population of Peru: 28,750,770 (June 30, 2007) - 40th most populous country
- Area of Peru: 1,285,220 km2 (496,230 sq mi) - 20th largest country
- Atlas of Peru
Environment of Peru
An enlargeable satellite image of PeruMain article: Environment of Peru- Climate of Peru
- Environmental issues in Peru
- Ecoregions in Peru
- Renewable energy in Peru
- Geology of Peru
- Natural regions of Peru
- Protected areas of Peru
- Biosphere reserves in Peru
- National parks of Peru
- Wildlife of Peru
- Flora of Peru
- Fauna of Peru
Natural geographic features of Peru
Main article: Landforms of Peru- Fjords of Peru
- Glaciers of Peru
- Islands of Peru
- Lakes of Peru
- Mountains of Peru
- Peru-Chile Trench
- Rivers of Peru
- Waterfalls of Peru
- Valleys of Peru
- World Heritage Sites in Peru
Regions of Peru
Ecoregions of Peru
Main articles: List of ecoregions in Peru and Ecoregions in PeruAdministrative divisions of Peru
Main article: Administrative divisions of PeruRegions of Peru
Main article: Regions of PeruPeru is divided into 25 regions and the province of Lima.
infoClickable map of the regions of Peru.Provinces of Peru
Main article: Provinces of PeruDistricts of Peru
Main article: Districts of PeruMunicipalities of Peru
Main article: Municipalities of Peru- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Cities of Peru
Demography of Peru
Main article: Demographics of PeruNeighbours of Peru
Peru is bordered by:
Government and politics of Peru
- Main article: Government of Peru and Politics of Peru
- Form of government: presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Peru: Lima
- Census in Peru
- Communism in Peru
- Decentralization process in Peru
- Elections in Peru
- Peruvian electoral system
- Voting in Peru is cumpulsory
- Peruvian presidential elections: 1895 - 1899 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Peruvian parliamentary elections: 1978 - 1992 - 2000 - 2001 - 2006 - 2011
- Peruvian electoral system
- Liberalism in Peru
- Political parties in Peru
- 2009 Peruvian political crisis
- Political scandals of Peru
- Taxation in Peru
Branches of the government of Peru
Main article: Government of PeruExecutive branch of the government of Peru
- Head of state: President of Peru, Alan García
- Vice Presidents of Peru (Peru has 2)
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Peru, Yehude Simon
- Cabinet: Council of Ministers of Peru
- Ministries of Peru
- Ministry of Agriculture of Peru
- Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru
- Ministry of Defense of Peru
- Ministry of Education of Peru
- Ministry of Energy and Mines of Peru
- Ministry of Environment of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Commerce and Tourism of Peru
- Ministry of Foreign Relations of Peru
- Ministry of Health of Peru
- Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation of Peru
- Ministry of the Interior of Peru
- Ministry of Justice of Peru
- Ministry of Labor and Promotion of Employment of Peru
- Ministry of Production of Peru
- Ministry of Transportation and Communication of Perú
- Ministry of Women and Social Development of Peru
Legislative branch of the government of Peru
- Congress of Peru (unicameral)
Judicial branch of the government of Peru
Main article: Judicial system of Peru- Constitutional Court of Peru - interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights
- Supreme Court of Peru - located in the Palace of Justice
- Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
- Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
- Courts of Peace of Peru each have jurisdiction over a single district
- Courts of First Instance of Peru hold jurisdiction over each province
- Superior Courts of Justice of Peru preside over the Judicial Districts of Peru
Foreign relations of Peru
Main article: Foreign relations of PeruInternational organization membership
The Republic of Peru is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Peru
Main article: Law of Peru- Capital punishment in Peru
- Constitution of Peru
- Crime in Peru
- Human rights in Peru
- Abortion in Peru
- LGBT rights in Peru
- Freedom of religion in Peru
- Law enforcement in Peru
- Nationality law of Peru
Military of Peru
Main article: Military of Peru- Command
- Forces
- Army of Peru
- Navy of Peru
- Air Force of Peru
- Special forces of Peru
- Military history of Peru
- Military ranks of Peru
Local government in Peru
Main article: Local government in PeruHistory of Peru
- Main article: History of Peru, Timeline of the history of Peru, and Current events of Peru
By period
- Ancient civilizations of Peru
- Inca Empire
- Spanish conquest of Peru
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Peruvian War of Independence
- Guano era in Peru
- War of the Pacific
- Colombia-Peru War
- Ecuadorian-Peruvian war
- Internal conflict in Peru
By subject
- Agricultural history of Peru
- Demographic history of Peru
- Economic history of Peru
- Homosexuality in ancient Peru
- Military history of Peru
By type of event
- Massacres in Peru
Culture of Peru
Main article: Culture of Peru- Architecture of Peru
- Cuisine of Peru
- Ethnic minorities in Peru
- Festivals in Peru
- Humor in Peru
- Languages of Peru
- Media in Peru
- Metrication in Peru
- National symbols of Peru
- Coat of arms of Peru
- Flag of Peru
- National anthem of Peru
- Cockade of Peru (unofficial national symbol)
- People of Peru
- Prostitution in Peru
- Public holidays in Peru
- Records of Peru
- Scouting and Guiding in Peru
- Television in Peru
- World Heritage Sites in Peru
Art in Peru
- Art in Peru
- Cinema of Peru
- Literature of Peru
- Music of Peru
- Television in Peru
- Theatre in Peru
Religion in Peru
Main article: Religion in Peru- Buddhism in Peru
- Christianity in Peru
- Hinduism in Peru
- Islam in Peru
- Judaism in Peru
- Sikhism in Peru
Sports in Peru
Main article: Sports in Peru- Football in Peru
- Chile and Peru football rivalry
- Football clubs in Peru
- Football stadiums in Peru
- Peru national football team
- Peru at the Olympics
- Rugby union in Peru
- Surfing in Peru
Economy and infrastructure of Peru
Main article: Economy of Peru- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 54th (fifty-fourth)
- Agriculture in Peru
- Banking in Peru
- National Bank of Peru
- Central Reserve Bank of Peru
- Communications in Peru
- Companies of Peru
- Economic history of Peru
- Energy in Peru
- Electric power in Peru
- Energy policy of Peru
- Oil industry in Peru
- Health care in Peru
- Mining in Peru
- Peru Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Peru
- Transport in Peru
- Airports in Peru
- Rail transport in Peru
- Roads in Peru
- Water resources management in Peru
Education in Peru
Main article: Education in PeruSee also
Main article: Peru- Index of Peru-related articles
- List of Peru-related topics
- Iperu, tourist information and assistance
- South America Life Quality Rankings
- South America Life Quality Rankings - Economy and Finance
- South America Life Quality Rankings - Law and Justice
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of geography
- Outline of South America
References
- ^ a b "Peru". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 13, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
External links
- Government
- (Spanish) Web portal of the Peruvian Government
- (Spanish) Directory of Peruvian Government websites
- General reference
- BBC country profile of Peru
- Peru entry at The World Factbook
- Encyclopædia Britannica entry on Peru
- Peru web directory
- Other
Outlines General reference · Culture and the arts · Geography and places · Health and fitness · History and events · Mathematics and logic · Natural and physical sciences · People and self · Philosophy and thinking · Religion and belief systems · Society and social sciences · Technology and applied sciencesCategories:- Outlines of countries
- Peru
- Peru-related lists
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