Endothelial NOS

Nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)
Rendering of 1M9J
Available structures PDB 1M9J, 1M9K, 1M9M, 1M9Q, 1M9R, 3EAH, 3NOS
Identifiers
Symbols	NOS3; ECNOS; eNOS
External IDs	OMIM: 163729 MGI: 97362 HomoloGene: 504 GeneCards: NOS3 Gene
EC number	1.14.13.39
Gene Ontology Molecular function • actin monomer binding • nitric-oxide synthase activity • nitric-oxide synthase activity • protein binding • calmodulin binding • FMN binding • oxidoreductase activity • heme binding • tetrahydrobiopterin binding • arginine binding • cadmium ion binding • metal ion binding • flavin adenine dinucleotide binding • NADP binding Cellular component • Golgi membrane • Golgi membrane • soluble fraction • nucleus • nucleolus • cytoplasm • Golgi apparatus • cytosol • cytosol • cytoskeleton • plasma membrane • plasma membrane • caveola • apical part of cell Biological process • ovulation from ovarian follicle • response to hypoxia • in utero embryonic development • blood vessel remodeling • regulation of sodium ion transport • regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin • arginine catabolic process • nitric oxide biosynthetic process • anti-apoptosis • mitochondrion organization • signal transduction • aging • blood coagulation • regulation of blood pressure • negative regulation of cell proliferation • response to heat • response to lead ion • negative regulation of platelet activation • response to organic cyclic compound • negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia • smooth muscle hyperplasia • platelet activation • lung development • positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity • positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway • response to estradiol stimulus • response to lipopolysaccharide • response to cytokine stimulus • response to fluid shear stress • response to drug • response to amino acid stimulus • negative regulation of potassium ion transport • response to peptide hormone stimulus • endothelial cell migration • response to ethanol • positive regulation of angiogenesis • positive regulation of vasodilation • nitric oxide metabolic process • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation • regulation of blood vessel size • regulation of blood vessel size • regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity • negative regulation of hydrolase activity • negative regulation of calcium ion transport • response to hyperoxia • response to lipoprotein stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4846	18127
Ensembl	ENSG00000164867	ENSMUSG00000028978
UniProt	P29474	Q7TSV7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000603.4	NM_008713.4
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000594.2	NP_032739.3
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 150.69 – 150.71 Mb	Chr 5: 23.87 – 23.89 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene.^[1]

Endothelial NOS is a nitric oxide synthase that generates NO in blood vessels and is involved with regulating vascular tone by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and platelet aggregation. A constitutive Ca²⁺ dependent NOS provides a basal release of NO. eNOS is associated with plasma membranes surrounding cells and the membranes of Golgi bodies within cells.

Clinical significance

Variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to coronary spasm.^[2]

An association between a polymorphism in the gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Chinese have been reported.^[3]

Interactions

Endothelial NOS has been shown to interact with CAV1,^[4] HSP90AA1^[5][6][7] and GUCY1B3.^[5]

References

1. ^ Marsden PA, Schappert KT, Chen HS, Flowers M, Sundell CL, Wilcox JN, Lamas S, Michel T (August 1992). "Molecular cloning and characterization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase". FEBS Lett. 307 (3): 287–93. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80697-F. PMID 1379542. 
2. ^ Yoshimura M, Yasue H, Nakayama M, Shimasaki Y, Sumida H, Sugiyama S, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Ogawa Y, Saito Y, Miyamoto Y, Nakao K (July 1998). "A missense Glu298Asp variant in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm in the Japanese". Hum. Genet. 103 (1): 65–9. doi:10.1007/s004390050785. PMID 9737779. 
3. ^ Wang B, Tan S, Yang Z, Xie YC, Wang J, Zhou S, Li S, Zheng C, Ma X (February 2008). "Association between Alzheimer's disease and the NOS3 gene Glu298Asp polymorphism in Chinese". J. Mol. Neurosci. 34 (2): 173–6. doi:10.1007/s12031-007-9026-6. PMID 18183499. 
4. ^ García-Cardeña G, Fan R, Stern DF, Liu J, Sessa WC (November 1996). "Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and interacts with caveolin-1". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (44): 27237–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.44.27237. PMID 8910295. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Venema RC, Venema VJ, Ju H, Harris MB, Snead C, Jilling T, Dimitropoulou C, Maragoudakis ME, Catravas JD (August 2003). "Novel complexes of guanylate cyclase with heat shock protein 90 and nitric oxide synthase". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 285 (2): H669–78. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01025.2002. PMID 12676772. 
6. ^ Harris MB, Ju H, Venema VJ, Blackstone M, Venema RC (September 2000). "Role of heat shock protein 90 in bradykinin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide release". Gen. Pharmacol. 35 (3): 165–70. doi:10.1016/S0306-3623(01)00104-5. PMID 11744239. 
7. ^ Stepp DW, Ou J, Ackerman AW, Welak S, Klick D, Pritchard KA (August 2002). "Native LDL and minimally oxidized LDL differentially regulate superoxide anion in vascular endothelium in situ". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283 (2): H750–9. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2002. PMID 12124224. 

Further reading

• de la Monte SM, Lu BX, Sohn YK, et al. (2000). "Aberrant expression of nitric oxide synthase III in Alzheimer's disease: relevance to cerebral vasculopathy and neurodegeneration.". Neurobiol. Aging 21 (2): 309–19. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(99)00108-6. PMID 10867216. 
• Shaul PW (2002). "Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase: location, location, location.". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 64: 749–74. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.155952. PMID 11826287. 
• Wu KK (2002). "Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and gene expression.". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 962: 122–30. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04062.x. PMID 12076969. 
• Alp NJ, Channon KM (2005). "Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin in vascular disease.". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24 (3): 413–20. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000110785.96039.f6. PMID 14656731. 
• Tai SC, Robb GB, Marsden PA (2005). "Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: a new paradigm for gene regulation in the injured blood vessel.". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24 (3): 405–12. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000109171.50229.33. PMID 14656742. 
• Kawashima S, Yokoyama M (2004). "Dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and atherosclerosis.". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24 (6): 998–1005. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000125114.88079.96. PMID 15001455. 
• Duda DG, Fukumura D, Jain RK (2004). "Role of eNOS in neovascularization: NO for endothelial progenitor cells.". Trends in molecular medicine 10 (4): 143–5. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.02.001. PMID 15162796.