McCreary County, Kentucky

McCreary County, Kentucky
McCreary County courthouse in Whitley City, Kentucky
Location in the state of Kentucky
Kentucky's location in the U.S.
Founded	1912
Named for	James B. McCreary, Governor of Kentucky (1912–1916)
Seat	Whitley City
Area  - Total  - Land  - Water	430.64 sq mi (1,115 km²) 427.70 sq mi (1,108 km²) 2.94 sq mi (8 km²), 0.68%
Population  - (2000)  - Density	17,080 40/sq mi (15/km²)
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website	www.mccrearycounty.com

McCreary County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of 2000, the population was 17,080. Its county seat is Whitley City^[1]. The county is named for James B. McCreary, a Confederate war hero and Governor of Kentucky from 1875 to 1879. It is the only Kentucky county to not have a single incorporated city. Because of this, county government is the sole local government agency for the entire county. Attractions in McCreary County include the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Cumberland Falls State Park, and the Big South Fork Scenic Railway, which tours several former coal camps.

The majority of the county is owned by the federal government. 63% is owned and managed by the Daniel Boone National Forest, and 18% owned and managed by the National Park Service as the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area.

History

McCreary County was formed in 1912, the final county in order of formation. The present county boundaries contain 427.7 square miles (1,107.7 km²) of land area. The majority of the county was carved out of Wayne and Whitley Counties, with a large center strip following the rail line and roadway from Pulaski County. The early history of the area is that of those counties, and is related in the historic perspectives for them. The map to the left shows the network of roadways that had been established by the 1860s. A dotted blue line and settlement names have been added for reference.

Historic Map of McCreary County Area

The most significant early feature of the future county was the Jacksboro Road. Running from Jacksboro, Tennessee, to Point Isabel and Somerset, this pioneer road was simply an enlargement of the Tellico Trail, an Indian route that had been used for thousands of years. Several other trails intersected this road, and led to the growth settlement villages such as Pine Knot, Dripping Springs/Coolidge, and Flat Rock. Other settlement occurred in far flung, sequestered hollows. The economy of the times was based upon small-scale subsistence agriculture, timber products such as railroad ties and barrel staves, and small coal mines.

Beginning in the early 19th century, Cumberland Falls gained attention as an early tourism destination. Later development increased visitation, and the Brunsen Inn was a popular destination for seasonal visitors. Until a road was built from Whitley County in 1931, the primary access to the Falls what through McCreary. With a generous contribution from one of the DuPont family heirs, the Falls joined the state park system in 1930.

The completion of the Cincinnati Southern Railway line through the county in 1880 changed its economic characteristics forever. Access to distant markets for timber and coal caused the emergence of many small mining and logging companies. Nothing however, was to have the impact of the Justus S. Stearns enterprises. From 1903 throughout most of the 20th century, the territory of McCreary County was dominated and controlled by Stearns company interests.

Attempting to avoid financial losses during the Great Depression of the 1930s, the Stearns cluster of companies sold vast quantities of land to the U.S. Government, becoming part of what was to become the Cumberland National Forest in 1937. This forest reserve was subsequently renamed Daniel Boone National Forest. In the 1970s, legislative action acquired additional lands in southern McCreary and Tennessee, creating the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area in the mid-1970s.

Law and Government

• Judge Executive Hon. Douglas E "Doug" Stephens (R)
• Deputy Judge Executive Hon. Andrew "Andy" Powell (R)
• County Magistrates:
  • Magistrate Dist. 1 Stanley Cox (R)
  • Magistrate Dist. 2 Roger Phillips (R)
  • Magistrate Dist. 3 Jason Mann (R)
  • Magistrate Dist. 4 Frankie Ball (D)
• County Clerk Eric Haynes (R)
• Sheriff Gus Skinner (R)
• Jailer Tony Ball)
• Coroner Daniel Ridener (R)

Geography

According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 430.64 square miles (1,115.4 km²), of which 427.70 square miles (1,107.7 km²) (or 99.32%) is land and 2.94 square miles (7.6 km²) (or 0.68%) is water.^[2]

Geology

Natural Arch, a prominent feature of Daniel Boone National Forest, is located in McCreary County

The western boundary of McCreary County represents the division between two geological plateau systems, the Pennyroyal and the Cumberland, which are located in the Mississippian Plateau and the Eastern Coal Field respectively. Running diagonally along the Wayne-McCreary County line and through southern Pulaski County is the Pottsville Escarpment. This rugged strip of land is the dividing feature separating the geologically younger Eastern Kentucky Coal Field region from the older, western geology of the state. It is a sandstone belt of cliffs and steep sided, narrow crested valleys. It is located in the Daniel Boone National Forest.

Among the more spectacular features are the sheer cliffs themselves, and numerous gorges, waterfalls, rock shelters, and natural stone arches. Two of the best known sections of the escarpment in Kentucky are the Red River Gorge Geological Area and the Natural Bridge State Park in the north-central portion of the Daniel Boone National Forest.

McCreary and the southern reaches of Pulaski County represent the beginnings of the Cumberland Plateau and the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field region. Most of the geological underpinning of this region is capped with thick sandstone, and formidable coal seams are common in this formation. The terrain is sharply dissected by valleys and stream systems, and limited lands suitable for large-scale conventional agriculture exist. Because of this, the economies of the area have historically been centered upon extractive industries such as timber and mining.

Adjacent counties

• Pulaski County (north)
• Laurel County (northeast)
• Whitley County (east)
• Scott County, Tennessee (south)
• Wayne County (west)

National protected areas

• Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (part)
• Daniel Boone National Forest (part)

Economy

The economic history of McCreary County has been one of boom and bust, based upon the extractive resources of coal mining and timber. The Stearns interests sold the last of their mining operations to Blue Diamond Coal in the 1980s, and the last mine operating in the county closed in 1994. A resurgence of the coal industry does not seem possible, as the local coal is high in sulfur, and drainage from coal mining would adversely affect a number of outstanding and special waters in the county.

Industrial development began in the 1970s, with new manufacturing concerns in the sewing industry. Changes in the global economy have shifted a substantial percentage of the consumer garment market to production facilities outside the United States. Those that remain in the county draw their work from military contracts, and the production of high-end consumer goods. Timber remains a factor in the economy, with logging and cut hardwood production. Since the 1970s, the county has attempted to develop three industrial parks with little success. The latest venture, on Kentucky Route 92 in Pine Knot, is building a "spec" building as a means of attracting new industry to the county.

Agriculture has never played an important role in the county’s economy. In 2002, 5% of the county was in farmland. Top products were livestock, hay and forage. Together this represented a total market value of $566,000, down 1% from 1997. These low numbers are because the county has never had a substantial agricultural industry, and that over 80% of the county lands are held by the federal government. McCreary County is ranked number 112 out of 120 counties in overall agricultural production.

The tourism industry in the county may trace its beginnings to the restoration of Historic Stearns, the development of the scenic railway, the interpretive work at Blue Heron, and the reconstruction of Barthell, the site of Stearns Company's first coal mine and town in 1903. Those resources may represent the largest interpretive collection of historic coal mining in America. The Big South Fork Scenic Railway is presently in a major development project to add a steam locomotive and extend the line.

The Big South Fork NRRA represents 196 square miles (508 km²) of land, of which approximately one-third is located in McCreary County. The largest section of the park and its main Bandy Creek visitor center are located in Tennessee. In 2004, the park received 901,425 visitors, down 23% from 2002. Due to a lack of organized activities, events, and recreational tourism opportunities, visitation on the Kentucky side does not fare well. Similar issues exist for visitation in the Stearns and Somerset districts of the Daniel Boone National Forest.

Transportation

McCreary County Airport is located in the county, near Pine Knot.^[3]

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1920	11,676		—
1930	14,627		25.3%
1940	16,451		12.5%
1950	16,660		1.3%
1960	12,463		−25.2%
1970	12,548		0.7%
1980	15,634		24.6%
1990	15,603		−0.2%
2000	17,080		9.5%
http://ukcc.uky.edu/~census/21147.txt

As of the census^[4] of 2000, there were 17,080 people, 6,520 households, and 4,753 families residing in the county. The population density was 40 per square mile (15 /km²). There were 7,405 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (6.6 /km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.99% White, 0.63% Black or African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.02% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. 0.62% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.

There were 6,520 households out of which 35.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.50% were married couples living together, 13.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.10% were non-families. 24.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.03.

The age distribution was 27.70% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 28.20% from 25 to 44, 23.70% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $19,348, and the median income for a family was $22,261. Males had a median income of $20,823 versus $15,575 for females. The per capita income for the county was $9,896. About 26.10% of families and 32.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.50% of those under age 18 and 27.30% of those age 65 or over. The county's per-capita income makes it one of the poorest counties in the United States, and second only to another county in the same Kentucky region, Clay County, among counties with a majority non-Hispanic white population.

Government and infrastructure

The Federal Bureau of Prisons U.S. Penitentiary, McCreary is in the county, near Pine Knot.^[5][3]

Cities and towns

McCreary is the last remaining county in the Commonwealth of Kentucky that does not have any incorporated city or township. The following McCreary County communities are census-designated places:

• Pine Knot
• Stearns
• Whitley City

Also: there is Revelo, Stearns, Sawyer, Honeybee, Dixie and Strunk.

Attractions

Barthell Coal Mining Camp Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area Big South Fork Scenic Railway Blue Heron Coal Mining Camp Cumberland Falls State Resort Park

Eagle Falls McCreary County Museum Natural Arch of Kentucky Yahoo Falls Yahoo Arch

See also

Kentucky portal

• Dry counties
• McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky
• National Register of Historic Places listings in McCreary County, Kentucky
• Anvil Clemens

References

1. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
2. ^ "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Counties". United States Census. http://www.census.gov/tiger/tms/gazetteer/county2k.txt. Retrieved 2011-02-13. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Pine Knot CDP, Kentucky." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on February 22, 2011.
4. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
5. ^ "USP McCreary Contact Information." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on February 22, 2011. "USP MCCREARY U.S. PENITENTIARY 330 FEDERAL WAY PINE KNOT, KY 42635."

External links

• McCreary County Government
• McCreary County schools
• The Kentucky Highlands Project

Coordinates: 36°44′N 84°29′W / 36.74°N 84.48°W / 36.74; -84.48