- Tilde
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For the baseball player known as the Big Tilde, see Magglio Ordóñez.
The tilde (
/ˈtɪldə/, /ˈtɪldi/; ˜ or ~ ) is a grapheme with several uses. The name of the character comes from Portuguese and Spanish, from the Latin titulus meaning "title" or "superscription", though the term "tilde" has evolved and now has a different meaning in linguistics.It was originally written over a letter as a mark of abbreviation, but has since acquired a number of other uses as a diacritic mark or a character in its own right. These are encoded in Unicode at U+0303 ◌̃ combining tilde and U+007E ~ tilde (as a spacing character). And there are additional similar characters for different roles. Especially in lexicography the tilde as a separate character or swung dash (⁓) is used in dictionaries to indicate the omission of the entry word.[1]
Contents
Common use
This symbol (in English) sometimes means "approximately", such as "~30 minutes ago" meaning "approximately 30 minutes ago".[2] It can mean "similar to",[3] including "of the same order of magnitude as",[4] such as "x ~ y" meaning that x and y are of the same order of magnitude. Another approximation symbol is ≈, meaning "approximately equal to."[5][6][3][2]
Diacritical use
In some languages, the tilde is used as a diacritical mark ( ˜ ) placed over a letter to indicate a change in pronunciation, such as nasalization.
Pitch
It was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, as a variant of the circumflex, representing a rise in pitch followed by a return to standard pitch.
Abbreviation
Carta marina showing Finnish economy, with the captions Hic fabricantur naves and Hic fabricantur bombarde abbreviated
Later, it was used to make abbreviations in medieval Latin documents. When an ⟨n⟩ or ⟨m⟩ followed a vowel, it was often omitted, and a tilde (i.e., a small ⟨n⟩) was placed over the preceding vowel to indicate the missing letter; this is the origin of the use of tilde to indicate nasalization. (Compare the development of the umlaut as an abbreviation of ⟨e⟩.) The practice of using the tilde over a vowel to indicate omission of an ⟨n⟩ or ⟨m⟩ continued in printed books in French as a means of reducing text length until the 17th century. It was also used in Portuguese, Catalan and Spanish.
The tilde was also used occasionally to make other abbreviations, such as over the letter ⟨q⟩ ("q̃") to signify the word que ("that").
Nasalization
It is also as a small ⟨n⟩ that the tilde originated when written above another letters, marking a Latin ⟨n⟩ which had been elided in old Galician-Portuguese. It indicates nasalization of the base vowel: mão "hand", from Lat. manu-; razões "reasons", from Lat. rationes. Current languages and alphabets in which the tilde is used as a sign of nasalization include:
- Portuguese
- Several native languages of South America, such as Guarani and Nheengatu, inherited from Portuguese.
- In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and many other phonetic alphabets. For example, [ljɔ̃] is the transcription of the pronunciation of the word "Lyon" in French (inherited from Portuguese as well).
In Breton, the symbol ⟨ñ⟩ after a vowel means that the letter ⟨n⟩ serves only to give the vowel a nasalised pronunciation, without being itself pronounced, as it normally is. For example ⟨an⟩ gives the pronunciation [ãn] whereas ⟨añ⟩ gives [ã].
Palatal n
The tilded ⟨n⟩ (⟨ñ⟩, ⟨Ñ⟩) developed from the digraph ⟨nn⟩ in Spanish. In this language, ⟨ñ⟩ is considered a separate letter called eñe (IPA: [ˈeɲe]), rather than a letter-diacritic combination; it is placed in Spanish dictionaries between the letters ⟨n⟩ and ⟨o⟩. In addition, the word tilde can refer to any diacritic in this language; for example, the acute accent in José is also called a tilde in Spanish.[7] Current languages in which the tilded ⟨n⟩ (⟨ñ⟩) is used for the palatal nasal consonant /ɲ/ include:
Tone
In Vietnamese, a tilde over a vowel represents a dipping tone (ngã).
International Phonetic Alphabet
In phonetics, a tilde is used as a diacritic either placed above a letter, below it or superimposed onto the middle of it (see International Phonetic Alphabet → Diacritics):
- A tilde above a letter indicates nasalization, e.g. [ã], [ṽ].
- A tilde superimposed onto the middle of a letter indicates velarization or pharyngealization, e.g. [ɫ], [z̴]. If no precomposed unicode character exists, the unicode character 'COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY' (U+0334) " ̴ " can be used to generate one.
- A tilde below a letter indicates laryngealisation, e.g. [d̰]. If no precomposed unicode character exists, the unicode character 'COMBINING TILDE BELOW' (U+0330) " ̰ " can be used to generate one.
Letter extension
In Estonian, the symbol ⟨õ⟩ stands for the close-mid back unrounded vowel, and it is considered an independent letter.
Other uses
Some languages and alphabets use the tilde for other purposes:
- Arabic: A symbol resembling the tilde (madda) is used over the letter ⟨ا⟩ to become ⟨آ⟩, denoting a long /aː/ sound ([ʔæː]).
- Guaraní: The tilded ⟨G̃⟩ (note that ⟨G/g⟩ with tilde is not available as a precomposed glyph in Unicode) stands for the velar nasal consonant. Also, the tilded ⟨y⟩ (⟨Ỹ⟩) stands for the nasalized upper central rounded vowel [ɨ̃].
- Unicode has a combining vertical tilde character, ̾ (U+033E). It is used to indicate middle tone in linguistic transcription of certain dialects of the Lithuanian language[8] and for transliteration of the Cyrillic palatalization sign, ҄ (U+0484).[citation needed]
Similar characters
There are a number of Unicode characters similar to the tilde.
Character Code point Name Comments ~ U+007E TILDE ˜ U+02DC SMALL TILDE ◌̃ U+0303 COMBINING TILDE ◌̰ U+0330 COMBINING TILDE BELOW Used in IPA to indicate creaky voice ◌̴ U+0334 COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY Used in IPA to indicate velarization or pharyngealization ס֘ U+0598 HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA Hebrew cantillation mark ס֮ U+05AE HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR Hebrew cantillation mark ◌᷉ U+1DC9 COMBINING ACUTE-GRAVE-ACUTE Used in IPA as a tone mark ⁓ U+2053 SWUNG DASH ∼ U+223C TILDE OPERATOR Used in mathematics ∽ U+223D REVERSED TILDE In some fonts it is the tilde's simple mirror image; others extend the tips to resemble a ∞ ∿ U+223F SINE WAVE ≈ U+2248 ALMOST EQUAL TO 〜 U+301C WAVE DASH Used in Japanese punctuation 〰 U+3030 WAVY DASH ﹋ U+FE4B WAVY OVERLINE ﹏ U+FE4F WAVY LOW LINE ～ U+FF5E FULLWIDTH TILDE Punctuation
The swung dash (~) is used in various ways in punctuation:
Range
In some languages (though not English), a tilde-like wavy dash may be used as punctuation (instead of an unspaced hyphen or en-dash) between two numbers, to indicate a range rather than subtraction or a hyphenated number (such as a part number or model number). For example, 12~15 means "12 to 15", ~3 means "up to three" and 100~ means "100 and greater". Japanese and other East Asian languages almost always use this convention, but it is often done for clarity in some other languages as well. Chinese uses the wavy dash and full-width em dash interchangeably for this purpose. In English, the tilde is often used to express ranges and model numbers in electronics but rarely in formal grammar or type-set documents, as a wavy dash preceding a number sometimes represents an approximation (see the Mathematics section, below).
Japanese
Further information: Japanese punctuationThe wave dash (波ダッシュ nami dasshu) is used for various purposes in Japanese, including to denote ranges of numbers, in place of dashes or brackets, and to indicate origin. The wave dash is also used to separate a title and a subtitle in the same line, as a colon is used in English.
When used in conversations via email or instant messenger it may be used as a sarcasm mark or, in East Asia, as an extension of the final syllable to produce the same effect as “whyyyyyy” with “why〜〜”. Used at the end of a word or sentence in text communications, it often denotes something said in a sing-song or playful voice, or similar to the use in instant messengers and email, depending on context. In some contexts, the tilde represents a lustful or exhausted sigh: "Hello there~."
Unicode and Shift JIS encoding of wave dash
Correct JIS wave dash.Incorrect Unicode wave dash.In practice the full-width tilde (全角チルダ zenkaku chiruda) (Unicode U+FF5E) is often used instead of the wave dash (波ダッシュ nami dasshu) (Unicode U+301C), because the Shift JIS code for the wave dash, 0x8160, which is supposed to be mapped to U+301C,[9][10] is not mapped to U+301C but mapped to U+FF5E[11] in code page 932 (Microsoft's code page for Japanese), a widely-used extension of Shift JIS, in order to avoid the shape definition error in Unicode: the wave dash glyph in JIS/Shift JIS[12] is identical to the Unicode reference glyph for U+FF5E,[13] while the reference glyph for U+301C[14] was incorrectly turned upside down when Unicode imported the JIS wave dash. In other platforms such as Mac OS and Mac OS X, 0x8160 is correctly mapped to U+301C. It is generally difficult, if not impossible, for Windows users in Japan to type U+301C, especially in legacy, non-Unicode applications.
Nevertheless, the Japanese wave dash is still formally mapped to U+301C as of JIS X 0213. Those two code points have the identical or very similar glyph in several fonts, reducing the confusion and incompatibility.
Mathematics
In mathematics, the tilde operator (Unicode U+223C), sometimes called “twiddle”, is often used to denote an equivalence relation between two objects. Thus “x ~ y” means “x is equivalent to y”. (Note that this is quite different from stating that x equals y.) The expression “x ~ y” is sometimes read aloud as “x twiddles y”, perhaps as an analogue to the verbal expression of “x = y”.
The tilde is also used as a modifier for symbols. The symbol “
” is often pronounced “eff twiddle” or, particularly in American English, “eff wiggle”.[15] This can be used to denote the Fourier transform of f, or a lift of f, and can have a variety of other meanings depending on the context.The tilde can indicate approximate equality in a variety of ways. It can be used to denote the asymptotic equality of two functions. For example, f(x) ~ g(x), means that limx→∞ f(x)/g(x) = 1.[4] A tilde is also used to indicate “approximately equal to” (e.g. 1.902 ~= 2). This usage probably developed as a typed alternative to the libra symbol used for the same purpose in written mathematics, which is an equal sign (=) with the upper bar replaced by a bar with an upward hump or loop in the middle or, sometimes, a tilde (≃). The symbol "≈" is also used for this purpose. Similarly, a tilde can be used on its own between two expressions (e.g. a ~ 0.1) to state that the two are of the same order of magnitude.[4]
In statistics and probability theory, ⟨~⟩ means “is distributed as”.[4] See random variable. A tilde placed on top of a variable is sometimes used to represent the median of that variable.
A tilde can also be used to represent geometric similarity, for example: ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF (meaning "triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF"). A triple tilde (≋) is often used to show congruence, an equivalence relation in geometry.
A tilde placed below a letter in mathematics can represent a vector quantity.
Logic
In written mathematical logic, the tilde represents negation: “~p” means “not p”, where "p" is a proposition. Modern use has been replacing the tilde with the negation symbol (¬) for this purpose, to avoid confusion with equivalence relations.
Economics
For relations involving preference, economists sometimes use the tilde to represent indifference between two or more bundles of goods. For example, to say that a consumer is indifferent between bundles x and y, an economist would write x ~ y.
Electronics
It can approximate the sine wave symbol (∿, U+223F), which is used in electronics to indicate alternating current, in place of +, −, or ⎓ for direct current.
Computing
Directories and URLs
On Unix-like operating systems (including BSD, GNU/Linux and Mac OS X), tilde often indicates the current user's home directory: for example, if the current user's home directory is /home/bloggsj, then cd, cd ~, cd /home/bloggsj or cd $HOME are equivalent. This practice derives from the Lear-Siegler ADM-3A terminal in common use during the 1970s, which happened to have the tilde symbol and the word "Home" (for moving the cursor to the upper left) on the same key.[citation needed] When prepended to a particular username, the tilde indicates that user's home directory (e.g., ~janedoe for the home directory of user janedoe, such as /home/janedoe).[16]
Used in URLs on the World Wide Web, it often denotes a personal website on a Unix-based server. For example, http://www.example.com/~johndoe/ might be the personal web site of John Doe. This mimics the Unix shell usage of the tilde. However, when accessed from the web, file access is usually directed to a subdirectory in the user's home directory, such as /home/username/public_html or /home/username/www.[17]
In URLs, the characters %7E (or %7e) may substitute for tilde if an input device lacks a tilde key.[18] Thus, http://www.example.com/~johndoe/ and http://www.example.com/%7Ejohndoe/ will behave in the same manner.
Computer languages
The tilde is used in the Awk programming language as part of the pattern match operators for regular expressions:
variable ~ /regex/returns true if the variable is matched.variable !~ /regex/returns false if the variable is matched.
A variant of this, with the plain tilde replaced with
=~, was adopted in Perl, and this semi-standardization has led to the use of these operators in other programming languages, such as Ruby or the SQL variant of the database PostgreSQL.In APL and Matlab, tilde represents the monadic logical function NOT.
In the C, C++ and C# programming languages, the tilde character is used as an operator to invert all bits of an integer (bitwise NOT), following the notation in logic (an
!causes a logical NOT, instead). In C++ and C#, the tilde is also used as the first character in a class's method name (where the rest of the name must be the same name as the class) to indicate a destructor – a special method which is called at the end of the object's life.In the CSS stylesheet language, the tilde is used for the indirect adjacent combinator as part of a selector.
In the D programming language, the tilde is used as an array concatenation operator, as well as to indicate an object destructor and binary not operator. Tilde operator can be overloaded for user types, and binary tilde operator is mostly used to merging two objects, or adding some objects to set of objects. It was introduced because plus operator can have different meaning in many situations. For example what to do with "120" + "14" ? Is this a string "134" (addition of two numbers), or "12014" (concatenation of strings) or something else? D disallows + operator for arrays (and strings), and provides separate operator for concatenation (similarly PHP programming language solved this problem by using dot operator for concatenation, and + for number addition, which will also work on strings containing numbers).
In Eiffel, the tilde is used for object comparison. If a and b denote objects, the boolean expression a ~ b has value true if an only if these objects are equal, as defined by the applicable version of the library routine is_equal, which by default denotes field-by-field object equality but can be redefined in any class to support a specific notion of equality. If a and b are references, the object equality expression a ~ b is to be contrasted with a = b which denotes reference equality. Unlike the call a.is_equal (b), the expression a ~ b is type-safe even in the presence of covariance.
In the Groovy programming language the tilde character is used as an operator mapped to the bitwiseNegate() method.[19] Given a String the method will produce a java.util.regex.Pattern. Given an integer it will negate the integer bitwise like in different C variants.
=~and==~can in Groovy be used to match a regular expression.[20][21]In Haskell, the tilde is used in type constraints to indicate type equality; also, in pattern-matching patterns, the tilde makes a subpattern irrefutable.
In the Inform programming language, the tilde is used to indicate a quotation mark inside a quoted string.
In "text mode" of the LaTeX typesetting language a tilde diacritic can be obtained using, e.g.,
\~{n}, yielding "ñ". A stand-alone tilde can be obtained by using\textasciitildeor\string~. In "math mode" a tilde diacritic can be written as, e.g.,\tilde{x}. For a wider tilde\widetildecan be used. The\simcommand produce a tilde-like binary relation symbol that is often used in mathematical expressions, and the double-tilde is obtained with\approx. Theurlpackage also supports entering tildes directly, e.g.,\url{http://server/~name}. In both text and math mode, a tilde on its own (~) is rendering a white space with no line breaking.In Common Lisp, the tilde is used as the prefix for format specifiers in format strings.[22] In Max/MSP, a tilde is used to denote objects that process at the computer's sampling rate, i.e. mainly those that deal with sound.
In Standard ML, the tilde is used as the prefix for negative numbers and as the unary negation operator.
In OCaml, the tilde is used to specify the label for a labeled parameter.
In Microsoft's SQL Server Transact-SQL (T-SQL) language, the tilde is a unary Bitwise NOT operator.
Backup filenames
The dominant Unix convention for naming backup copies of files is appending a tilde to the original file name. It originated with the Emacs text editor[citation needed] and was adopted by many other editors and some command-line tools.
Emacs also introduced an elaborate numbered backup scheme, with files named filename.~1~, filename.~2~ and so on. It didn't catch on, probably because version control software does this better.[citation needed]
Microsoft filenames
The tilde was part of Microsoft's filename mangling scheme when it developed the FAT file system. This upgrade introduced long filenames to Microsoft Windows, and permitted additional characters (such as the space) to be part of filenames, which were prohibited in previous versions. Programs written prior to this development could only access filenames in the so-called 8.3 format—the filenames consisted of a maximum of eight alphanumeric characters, followed by a period, followed by three more alphanumeric characters. In order to permit these legacy programs to access files in the FAT file system, each file had to be given two names—one long, more descriptive one, and one that conformed to the 8.3 format. This was accomplished with a name-mangling scheme in which the first six characters of the filename are followed by a tilde and a digit. For example, "Program Files" might become "PROGRA~1".
Also, the tilde symbol is used to prefix hidden temporary files that are created when a document is opened in Windows. For example, when you open a Word document called "Document1.doc," a file called "~$cument1.doc" is created in the same directory. This file contains information about which user has the file open, to prevent multiple users from attempting to change a document at the same time.
Games
In many games, the tilde key (on U.S. English keyboards) is used to open the console. This is true for games such as Half-Life, Halo CE, Quake, Half-Life 2, Soldier of Fortune II: Double Helix, Unreal, Counter-Strike, Crysis, Oblivion, RuneScape, and others based on the Quake engine or Source engine.
It is sometimes used in Rogue-like games to represent water or snakes.
Other uses
Computer programmers use the tilde in various ways and sometimes call the symbol (as opposed to the diacritic) a squiggle, squiggly, or twiddle. According to the Jargon File, other synonyms sometimes used in programming include not, approx, wiggle, enyay (after eñe) and (humorously) sqiggle (/ˈskɪɡəl/).
In Perl 6, "~~" is used instead of "=~".
Juggling notation
In the juggling notation system Beatmap, tilde can be added to either "hand" in a pair of fields to say "cross the arms with this hand on top". Mills Mess is thus represented as (~2x,1)(1,2x)(2x,~1)*.[23]
Keyboards
Where a tilde is on the keyboard depends on the computer's language settings according to the following chart. On many keyboards it is primarily available through a dead key that makes it possible to produce a variety of precomposed characters with the diacritic. In that case, a single tilde can typically be inserted with the dead key followed by the space bar, or alternatively by striking the dead key twice in a row.
To insert a tilde with the dead key, it is often necessary to simultaneously hold down the Alt Gr key. On the keyboard layouts that include an Alt Gr key, it typically takes the place of the right-hand Alt key. With a Macintosh either of the Alt/Option keys function similarly.
In the US and European Windows systems, the Alt code for a single tilde is
126.Keyboard Insert a single tilde (~) Insert a precomposed character with tilde (e.g. ã) Arabic (Saudi) ⇧ Shift+`ذّ Croatian Alt Gr+1 Dvorak Alt Gr+= followed by Space, or Alt Gr+⇧ Shift+' followed by Space
Alt Gr+= followed by the relevant letter, or Alt Gr+⇧ Shift+' followed by the relevant letter
English (Australia) ⇧ Shift+` English (Canada) ⇧ Shift+` English (UK) ⇧ Shift+# English (US) ⇧ Shift+` Ctrl+~ followed by the relevant letter Finnish Alt Gr+¨ followed by Space, or Alt Gr+¨¨
Alt Gr+¨ followed by the relevant letter French (Canada) Alt Gr+ç followed by Space, or Alt Gr+çç
Alt Gr+ç followed by the relevant letter French (France) Alt Gr+é followed by Space, or Alt Gr+éé
Alt Gr+é followed by the relevant letter French (Switzerland) Alt Gr+^ followed by Space, or Alt Gr+^^
Alt Gr+^ followed by the relevant letter German (Germany) Alt Gr++ German (Switzerland) Alt Gr+^ followed by Space, or Alt Gr+^^
Alt Gr+^ followed by the relevant letter Hindi (India) Alt Gr+⇧ Shift+ the key to the left of 1 Hungarian Alt Gr+1 Icelandic Alt Gr+' (the same key as ?) Italian Alt+5 (on Mac OS X) Norwegian Alt Gr+¨ followed by Space, or Alt Gr+¨¨
Alt Gr+¨ followed by the relevant letter Polish ⇧ Shift+` followed by Space, or ⇧ Shift+``
The dead key is not generally used for inserting characters with tilde; when followed by {a|c|e|l|n|o|s|x|z}, it results in {ą|ć|ę|ł|ń|ó|ś|ź|ż} instead. Portuguese ~ followed by Space ~ followed by the relevant letter Spanish (Spain) Alt Gr+4 followed by Space, or Alt Gr+44
Alt Gr+4 followed by the relevant letter Spanish (Latin America) Alt Gr++ Swedish Alt Gr+¨ followed by Space, or Alt Gr+¨¨
Alt Gr+¨ followed by the relevant letter Turkish Alt Gr+ü followed by Space, or Alt Gr+üü
Alt Gr+ü followed by the relevant letter See also
- U+034A ͊ combining not tilde above (HTML:
͊) - Circumflex
- Punctuation
- Special characters
- Tittle
References
- ^ WordNet Search 3.0[dead link]
- ^ a b "All Elementary Mathematics - Mathematical symbols dictionary". Bymath.com. http://www.bymath.com/symbols/symbols.html. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ a b Liam Quinn. "HTML 4.0 Entities for Symbols and Greek Letters". Htmlhelp.com. http://htmlhelp.com/reference/html40/entities/symbols.html. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Tilde - from Wolfram MathWorld". Mathworld.wolfram.com. 3 November 2011. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Tilde.html. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ "Math Symbols . . . Those Most Valuable and Important: Approximately Equal Symbol". Solving-math-problems.com. 20 September 2010. http://www.solving-math-problems.com/math-symbols-approximately-equal.html. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ "Unicode Character 'APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO' (U+2245)". Fileformat.info. http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2245/index.htm. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ Ortografía de la lengua española. Madrid: Real Academia Española. 2010. p. 279. ISBN 978-84-670-3426-4.
- ^ Lithuanian Standards Board (LST), proposal for a zigazag diacritic.
- ^ Shift_JIS-2004 (JIS X 0213:2004 Appendix 1) vs Unicode mapping table
- ^ Shift-JIS to Unicode
- ^ "Windows 932_81". Microsoft.com. http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/reference/dbcs/932/932_81.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ "Microsoft Word – 233cover_rev.doc" (PDF). http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ISO-IR/233.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFF00.pdf
- ^ http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3000.pdf
- ^ Stephen T. L. Choy; Judith Packer Jesudason, Peng Yee Lee (1988). Proceedings of the Analysis Conference, Singapore 1986. Elsevier. http://books.google.com/books?id=SY5fZIK63NMC&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=schlange+twiddle&source=bl&ots=W8Nhtaa2dK&sig=ZVdU6tWie9x6V_otGyHr7L4VyYE&hl=en&ei=enqHTrTaLMv0sgalos3hAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBkQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ "Tilde expansion." The GNU C Library Manual. Retrieved 4 July 2010. http://www.gnu.org/s/libc/manual/html_node/Tilde-Expansion.html
- ^ "Apache Module mod_userdir." Apache HTTP Server Documentation, Version 2.0. Retrieved 4 July 2010. http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_userdir.html
- ^ RFC3986
- ^ "Groovy operator overloading overview"
- ^ "Groovy Regular Expression User Guide"
- ^ "Groovy RegExp FAQ"
- ^ "CLHS: Section 22.3". Lispworks.com. 2005-04-11. http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/22_c.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ "The Internet Juggling Database". Archived from the original on 28 July 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050728104414/http://www.jugglingdb.com/help/?id=125. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
External links
- History of the Tilde
- Diacritics Project
- Keyboard Help: Learn to create accent marks and other diacritics on a computer
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz Letters using tilde sign ( ◌̃ )Ãã Ẽẽ Ĩ ĩ Ññ Õõ P̃p̃ Ũũ Ṽṽ Ỹỹ RelatedCategories:- Alphabetic diacritics
- Punctuation
- Typographical symbols
- Greek alphabet
- Logical symbols
- Mathematical symbols
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