List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama

List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama

The National Historic Landmarks in Alabama represent Alabama's history from the precolonial era, through the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Space Age. There are thirty-six National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in Alabama,[1] which are located in eighteen of the state's sixty-seven counties. Five of the NHLs in the state have military significance, eight are significant examples of a particular architectural style, six are archaeological sites, five played a role in the African American struggle for civil rights, and five are associated with the development of the U.S. Space Program. One site in Alabama was designated a NHL, but the designation was subsequently removed.[2]

The National Historic Landmark program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process.[3] The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation.[4] Both public and privately owned properties are designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties, via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means.[3] Owners may object to the nomination of the property as a NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation.[4]

NHLs are also included on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), historic properties that the National Park Service deems to be worthy of preservation. The primary difference between a NHL and a NRHP listing is that the NHLs are determined to have national significance, while other NRHP properties are deemed significant at the local or state level.[3] The NHLs in Alabama comprise 3% of the approximately 1178 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama.

Four historic sites in the state are managed by the National Park Service. One of these, the Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, is also designated a NHL. The others are Horseshoe Bend National Military Park, Russell Cave National Monument, and Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site.[5]

Contents

Key

National Historic Landmark
National Historic Landmark and National Historic Site
* National Register of Historic Places only

National Historic Landmarks

[6] Landmark name Image Date desig. Locality County Description
1 USS Alabama
(battleship)
USSAlabama-Mobile.jpg 01986-01-14 January 14, 1986 Mobile
30°40′49″N 88°00′57″W / 30.6801903657°N 88.015810359°W / 30.6801903657; -88.015810359 (Alabama, USS (battleship))
Mobile One of two surviving South Dakota-class battleships, Alabama was commissioned in 1942 and spent forty months in active service in World War II's Pacific theater, earning nine battle stars over twenty-six engagements with the Japanese.[7]
2 Apalachicola Fort Site Apalachicola Fort Site.jpg 01964-07-19 July 19, 1964 Holy Trinity
32°10′17″N 85°07′49″W / 32.17134°N 85.13023°W / 32.17134; -85.13023 (Apalachicola Fort Site)
Russell Spain established this wattle and daub blockhouse on the Chattahoochee River in 1690, attempting to maintain influence among the Lower Creek Indians. It was used for one year, and destroyed by the Spanish when they abandoned it.[8]
3 Barton Hall Barton Hall Alabama.jpg 01973-11-07 November 7, 1973 Cherokee
34°45′03″N 88°00′12″W / 34.7507218719°N 88.0033412413°W / 34.7507218719; -88.0033412413 (Barton Hall)
Colbert This structure, built in 1840, is described by the National Park Service as an "unusually sophisticated" Greek Revival style plantation house. The interior contains a stairway that ascends in a series of double flights and bridge-like landings to an observatory on the rooftop that offers views of the plantation.[9][10]
4 Bethel Baptist Church, Parsonage, and Guard House Bethel Baptist Church.jpg 02005-04-05 April 5, 2005 Birmingham
33°33′07″N 86°48′07″W / 33.551806°N 86.802028°W / 33.551806; -86.802028 (NAME)
Jefferson This church served as the headquarters for the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, an organization active in the Civil Rights Movement, from 1956 to 1961. It focused on legal and nonviolent direct action against segregated accommodations, transportation, schools and employment discrimination.[11]
5 Bottle Creek Site Bottle Creek.jpg 01994-04-19 April 19, 1994 Stockton
30°59′44″N 87°56′15.5″W / 30.99556°N 87.937639°W / 30.99556; -87.937639 (Bottle Creek Site)
Baldwin This archaeological site contains eighteen mounds from the Mississippian cultural period. Located on Mound Island within the Mobile-Tensaw river delta, the site was occupied between AD 1250 and 1550. Scholars believe that it functioned as a social, political, religious, and trade center for the Mobile Delta region and the central Gulf Coast.[12]
6 Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church Brown Chapel AME.jpg 01997-12-12 December 12, 1997 Selma
32°24′43″N 87°00′58″W / 32.411869°N 87.016053°W / 32.411869; -87.016053 (Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church)
Dallas This church was a starting point for the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965, and it played a major role in the events that led to the adoption of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The national reaction to Selma's "Bloody Sunday March" is widely credited with making the passage of the Voting Rights Act politically viable in the United States Congress.[13]
7 City Hall and Southern Market Old City Hall Mobile 2008.jpg 01973-11-07 November 7, 1973 Mobile
30°41′24″N 88°02′24″W / 30.689979°N 88.040106°W / 30.689979; -88.040106 (City Hall (Mobile))
Mobile The Italianate style Old City Hall and Southern Market in Mobile was completed in 1857. This building exemplifies the 19th-century American trend toward structures that served multiple civic functions.[14]
8 Henry D. Clayton House Clayton House.jpg 01976-12-08 December 8, 1976 Clayton
31°51′56.2″N 85°27′8.5″W / 31.865611°N 85.452361°W / 31.865611; -85.452361 (Clayton, Henry D., House)
Barbour This was the home of anti-trust legislator Henry De Lamar Clayton, Jr. He was the author of the Clayton Antitrust Act, an act that prohibited particular types of conduct that were deemed to not be in the best interest of a competitive market. He was appointed as a Federal District Judge in 1914, and became recognized as an advocate for judicial reform.[15]
9 J.L.M. Curry Home Curry Home.jpg 01965-12-21 December 21, 1965 Talladega
33°27′21″N 86°2′40″W / 33.45583°N 86.04444°W / 33.45583; -86.04444 (Curry, J.L.M., Home)
Talladega This was the home of educator Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry. He played a large role in the expansion and improvement of the public school system and the establishment of training schools for teachers throughout the South.[16]
10 Dexter Avenue Baptist Church Dexter Avenue Baptist.jpg 01974-05-30 May 30, 1974 Montgomery
32°22′39″N 86°18′11″W / 32.377473°N 86.303146°W / 32.377473; -86.303146 (Dexter Avenue Baptist Church)
Mont-
gomery
Martin Luther King, Jr. was the pastor of this church from 1954 to 1960. The Montgomery Improvement Association, which was headed by Dr. King, had its headquarters in the church and organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott from this site in 1955.[17]
11 USS Drum
(submarine)
Photograph of the bow of the USS Drum, mounted on concrete supports on land as a museum ship. 01986-01-14 January 14, 1986 Mobile
30°40′44″N 88°01′00″W / 30.678830496°N 88.0166312697°W / 30.678830496; -88.0166312697 (Drum, USS (submarine))
Mobile Launched on May 12, 1941, this was the first of the Gato class submarines completed before World War II. It represents what was the standard design for American fleet submarines at the beginning of that war. The USS Drum sank fifteen Japanese ships and earned twelve battle stars.[18]
12 Episcopal Church of the Nativity Episcopal Church of the Nativity Huntsville.jpg 01990-06-21 June 21, 1990 Huntsville
34°43′49″N 86°35′03″W / 34.730189°N 86.584050°W / 34.730189; -86.584050 (Episcopal Church Of The Nativity)
Madison This Gothic Revival church was built in 1859, and is considered by the National Park Service as one of the most pristine examples of Ecclesiastical Gothic architecture in the South. It is also one of the least-altered structures designed by architect Frank Wills.[19]
13 First Confederate Capitol Photograph of the Alabama state capitol in Montgomery. 01960-12-19 December 19, 1960 Montgomery
32°22′33″N 86°18′03″W / 32.3757427702°N 86.3009395655°W / 32.3757427702; -86.3009395655 (First Confederate Capitol)
Mont-
gomery
Delegates from six seceding Southern states met here on February 4, 1861. On February 8, they adopted a "Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America." Jefferson Davis was inaugurated on the west portico on February 18. The Congress of the Confederate States met here until May 22, 1861, when the capital moved to Richmond, Virginia.[20]
14 Fort Mitchell Site Fort Mitchell.jpg 01990-06-21 June 21, 1990 Fort Mitchell
32°21′7″N 85°1′18″W / 32.35194°N 85.02167°W / 32.35194; -85.02167 (Fort Mitchell Site)
Russell Fort Mitchell represents three periods of interaction with Native Americans. The first period is the martial aspect of Manifest Destiny, when the Creek Indian Nation was defeated and forced to concede land.; the second represents the Indian Factory; the last concerns U.S. government attempts to honor treaty obligations.[21]
15 Fort Morgan Fort Morgan Entrance.jpg 01960-12-19 December 19, 1960 Gasque
30°13′41″N 88°1′23″W / 30.22806°N 88.02306°W / 30.22806; -88.02306 (Fort Morgan)
Baldwin Fort Morgan was completed in 1834 and was used by Confederate forces during the Battle of Mobile Bay. This battle resulted in the Union Navy's Admiral David Farragut taking Mobile Bay and sealing off the Port of Mobile to Confederate shipping.[22]
16 Fort Toulouse Site Fort Toulouse.jpg 01960-10-09 October 9, 1960 Wetumpka
32°30′24″N 86°15′06″W / 32.506619°N 86.251569°W / 32.506619; -86.251569 (Fort Toulouse)
Elmore Fort Toulouse served as the easternmost outpost of colonial French Louisiana. It was established in 1717 at the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and was abandoned in 1763, after the Treaty of Paris. Andrew Jackson reestablished a fort here in 1814 following his defeat of the Creek Nation at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.[23]
17 Foster Auditorium Photograph of the University of Alabama's Foster Auditorium. 02005-04-05 April 5, 2005 Tuscaloosa
33°12′28″N 87°32′38″W / 33.20778°N 87.54389°W / 33.20778; -87.54389 (Foster Auditorium)
Tusca-
loosa
The Alabama National Guard, Federal marshals, and U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach escorted Vivian Malone past Alabama governor George C. Wallace during his infamous "Stand In The Schoolhouse Door" in front of this building in 1963. This was the first step in desegregating the University of Alabama and is seen as an important event in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.[24]
18 Gaineswood Photograph of the Gaineswood house across a broad lawn on a sunny day. 01973-11-07 November 7, 1973 Demopolis
32°30′31″N 87°50′07″W / 32.508726°N 87.835239°W / 32.508726; -87.835239 (Gaineswood)
Marengo This Greek Revival mansion was designated a NHL because it is considered one of the most unusual examples of that architectural style in the United States. It was built over the course of eighteen years by amateur architect and planter Nathan Bryan Whitfield. It is one of the few Greek Revival homes that features the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.[25]
19 Government Street Presbyterian Church Government Street Presbyterian Church in 2007. 01992-10-05 October 5, 1992 Mobile
30°41′21″N 88°02′39″W / 30.689153°N 88.044151°W / 30.689153; -88.044151 (Government Street Presbyterian Church)
Mobile This church was built in 1836 and is one of the oldest and least-altered Greek Revival church buildings in the United States. The architectural design is by James Gallier, James Dakin, and Charles Dakin.[26]
20 Ivy Green Ivy Green.jpg 01992-03-31 March 31, 1992 Tuscumbia
34°44′22″N 87°42′24″W / 34.73944°N 87.70667°W / 34.73944; -87.70667 (Ivy Green)
Colbert This site is where deaf and blind Helen Keller was born and learned to communicate, with the aid of her teacher and constant companion, Anne Sullivan.[27]
21 Kenworthy Hall Kenworthy Hall in 1997. 02004-08-18 August 18, 2004 Marion
32°38′6.5″N 87°21′8″W / 32.635139°N 87.35222°W / 32.635139; -87.35222 (Kenworthy Hall)
Perry This plantation house was completed in 1860 and is one of the best preserved examples of Richard Upjohn's distinctive asymmetrical Italian villa style. It is the only surviving residential example of Upjohn's Italian villa style that was especially designed to suit the Southern climate and the plantation lifestyle.[28]
22 Montgomery (snagboat) Montgomery on the Apalachicola.jpg 01989-06-30 June 30, 1989 Pickensville
33°13′26″N 88°15′36″W / 33.2237533163°N 88.2598952079°W / 33.2237533163; -88.2598952079 (Montgomery (snagboat))
Pickens One of the few surviving steam-powered sternwheelers in the United States, it is one of two surviving United States Army Corps of Engineers snagboats. It was built in 1925 and played a major role in building the AlabamaTombigbeeTennessee River Project.[29]
23 Montgomery Union Station and Trainshed Union Station Montgomery 2008.JPG 01976-12-08 December 8, 1976 Montgomery
32°22′43″N 86°18′52″W / 32.3787040756°N 86.3145239423°W / 32.3787040756; -86.3145239423 (Montgomery Union Station and Trainshed)
Mont-
gomery
Constructed in 1898, this is an example of late 19th-century commercial architecture. It served as the focal point of transportation into Montgomery. The train shed is significant in that it shows the adaptation of bridge-building techniques to shelter structures, an important step in the history of American engineering.[30]
24 Moundville Site A view of the Moundville Archaeological Site from the top of Mound B looking toward Mound A and the plaza. 01964-07-19 July 19, 1964 Moundville
32°06′N 85°06′W / 32.1°N 85.1°W / 32.1; -85.1 (NAME)
Hale Moundville was first settled in the 10th century and represents a major period of Mississippian culture in the Southern United States. It acted as the center for a southerly diffusion of this culture toward the Gulf Coast.[31] It was the second largest site of the classic Middle Mississippian era, after Cahokia in Illinois.
25 Neutral Buoyancy Space Simulator Underwater photograph of the Neutral Buoyancy Space Simulator, showing divers and a full-scale model of a spacecraft in the tank. 01985-10-03 October 3, 1985 Huntsville
34°39′07″N 86°40′41″W / 34.6520052656°N 86.6780757598°W / 34.6520052656; -86.6780757598 (Neutral Buoyancy Space Simulator)
Madison This structure was built in 1955 to provide a simulated zero-gravity environment in which engineers, designers, and astronauts could perform the various phases of research needed to gain firsthand knowledge concerning design and operation problems associated with working in space. It contributed significantly to the United States space program, especially Project Gemini, the Apollo program, Skylab, and the Space Shuttle.[32]
26 Propulsion and Structural Test Facility Propulsion and Structural Test Facility.jpg 01985-10-03 October 3, 1985 Huntsville
34°37′25″N 86°39′31″W / 34.6236358752°N 86.6585492915°W / 34.6236358752; -86.6585492915 (Propulsion And Structural Test Facility)
Madison This site was built in 1957 by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and was the primary center responsible for the development of large vehicles and rocket propulsion systems. The Saturn Family of launch vehicles was developed here under the direction of Wernher von Braun. The Saturn V remains the most powerful launch vehicle ever brought to operational status, from a height, weight and payload standpoint.[33]
27 Redstone Test Stand Redstone Test Stand.jpg 01985-10-03 October 3, 1985 Huntsville
34°37′51″N 86°40′00″W / 34.6308724778°N 86.6665929487°W / 34.6308724778; -86.6665929487 (Redstone Test Stand)
Madison This steel frame structure was built in 1953 and is the oldest static firing facility at the Marshall Space Flight Center. It was important in the development of the Jupiter-C and Mercury/Redstone vehicles that launched the first U.S. satellite and the first U.S. manned spaceflight.[34]
28 St. Andrew's Episcopal Church St Andrews Church 01.jpg 01973-11-07 November 7, 1973 Prairieville
32°30′33″N 87°42′05″W / 32.5091217123°N 87.7014001875°W / 32.5091217123; -87.7014001875 (St. Andrew's Church)
Hale This small Carpenter Gothic church, with wooden buttresses, was built in 1853, and shows the influence of 19th-century architectural leader Richard Upjohn. It is considered one of the Southeast's outstanding examples of the picturesque movement in American church building.[35]
29 Saturn V Dynamic Test Stand Dynamic Structural Test Facility.jpg 01985-10-03 October 3, 1985 Huntsville
34°37′45″N 86°39′40″W / 34.6290538786°N 86.6611454074°W / 34.6290538786; -86.6611454074 (Saturn V Dynamic Test Stand)
Madison Built in 1964 to conduct mechanical and vibrational tests on the fully assembled Saturn V rocket; major problems capable of causing failure of the vehicle were discovered and corrected here.[36]
30 Saturn V Launch Vehicle Photograph of the Saturn V Launch Vehicle on display, laying on its side outdoors and separated into segments. 01987-02-10 February 10, 1987 Huntsville
34°42′30″N 86°39′21″W / 34.7082158612°N 86.6557997129°W / 34.7082158612; -86.6557997129 (Saturn V Launch Vehicle)
Madison This was the prototype for the Saturn V launch vehicle and was the first Saturn V constructed by the Marshall Space Flight Center under the direction of Dr. Wernher von Braun. It served as the test vehicle for the Saturn support facilities at the Marshall Space Flight Center.[37]
31 Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Photograph of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church on a sunny, clear day. 02006-02-20 February 20, 2006 Birmingham
33°30′59.7″N 86°48′53.3″W / 33.516583°N 86.814806°W / 33.516583; -86.814806 (Sixteenth Street Baptist Church)
Jefferson This church was used as a meeting place, training center, and as a departure point for marches during the Civil Rights Movement. It was the site of a bombing by the Ku Klux Klan on September 16, 1963, in which four young girls were killed and twenty-two others were injured.[38]
32 Sloss Blast Furnaces Photograph of the Sloss Blast Furnaces, dominated by the smokestacks and a water tower marked "Sloss". In the foreground is an informational sign discussing the Furnaces' National Historic Landmark status. 01981-05-29 May 29, 1981 Birmingham
33°31′14″N 86°47′29″W / 33.520655°N 86.791306°W / 33.520655; -86.791306 (Sloss Blast Furnaces)
Jefferson Built from 1881 to 1882, this is the oldest remaining blast furnace in the state. Its NHL designation represents Alabama's early 20th-century preeminence in the production of pig iron and cast iron, an example of a post-Civil War effort to industrialize the agrarian South.[39]
33 Swayne Hall, Talladega College Swayne Hall Talladega.jpg 01974-12-02 December 2, 1974 Talladega
33°25′40″N 86°07′03″W / 33.4276868044°N 86.1175615289°W / 33.4276868044; -86.1175615289 (Swayne Hall, Talladega College)
Talladega Swayne Hall was built in 1857 as a Baptist men's college. Following the American Civil War, it became a part of Talladega College, Alabama's oldest private, historically black, liberal arts college.[40]
34 Tuskegee Institute History class at Tuskegee.jpg 01965-06-23 June 23, 1965 Tuskegee
32°25′49″N 85°42′28″W / 32.43028°N 85.70778°W / 32.43028; -85.70778 (Tuskegee Institute)
Macon One of the best known African American universities in the United States, Tuskegee was founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881. It began with a curriculum designed to provide industrial and vocational education to African Americans and featured such acclaimed educators as George Washington Carver.[41] Tuskegee Institute is both a National Historic Landmark and a National Historic Site.
35 Wilson Dam Aerial photograph of the navigation locks at Wilson Dam, with the shore to the left and the dam wall to the right. 01966-11-13 November 13, 1966 Florence
34°48′3″N 87°37′33″W / 34.80083°N 87.62583°W / 34.80083; -87.62583 (Wilson Dam)
Colbert and Lauder-
dale
Wilson Dam, on the Tennessee River, was built between 1918 and 1925 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and later came under the control of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). It is the oldest of TVA's hydroelectric dams.[42]
36 Yuchi Town Site Yuchi Town Archaeological Site.jpg 01996-06-19 June 19, 1996 Fort Benning
32°18′N 84°59′W / 32.3°N 84.983°W / 32.3; -84.983 (Yuchi Town Site)
Russell This archaeological site was occupied by the Apalachicola and Yuchi tribes. During the 17th century, the Apalachicola tribe allied with the Spanish in Florida against the English in Carolina and were ultimately destroyed as a culture. The Yuchi tribe settled here later and constantly shifted their alliances with various European powers, until they were displaced by the expanding American frontier in the Southeast in the early 19th century.[43]

Former National Historic Landmark

[6] Landmark name Image Date declared Locality County Description
37* Yancey, William Lowndes, Law Office Yancey Law Office 02.jpg 1973,
withdrawn in 1986[2]
Montgomery
32°22′30″N 86°18′26″W / 32.375077°N 86.307352°W / 32.375077; -86.307352 (Yancey, William Lowndes, Law Office)
Mont-
gomery
As a lawyer, populist legislator, firebrand orator, and party leader, William Lowndes Yancey was an important figure in sectional politics in the leadup to the Civil War. He gained national influence as an aggressive advocate of states' rights and exacerbated sectional differences that led to the secession of the Southern states from the Union. He had his law office in this building from 1846 until his death in 1863. Through successive modernizations and restorations in the 1970s and 1980s, the building lost much of the historic integrity for which it was originally designated a landmark, leading to the withdrawal of its designation. It was, however, retained on the National Register of Historic Places.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. June 2011. http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/designations/Lists/LIST11.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-04. 
  2. ^ a b c "National Historic Landmarks Program: Withdrawal of National Historic Landmark Designation". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/DOE_dedesignations/Dedesignations_intro.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-20. 
  3. ^ a b c "National Historic Landmarks Program: Questions and Answers". National Historic Landmarks Program. http://www.nps.gov/nhl/QA.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-21. 
  4. ^ a b "Title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 65". US Government Printing Office. http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_98/36cfr65_98.html. Retrieved 2008-04-05. 
  5. ^ "Units in the National Park System" (PDF). National Park Service Office of Public Affairs. U.S. Department of the Interior. July 17, 2008. http://www.nps.gov/pub_aff/refdesk/classlst.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-23. 
  6. ^ a b Numbers represent an ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate the National Monuments, National Historic Sites, National Historic Landmark Districts and other higher designations from other National Historic Landmarks buildings, structures, sites or objects.
  7. ^ "ALABAMA, USS (Battleship)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1943&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  8. ^ "Apalachicola Fort Site". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=708&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  9. ^ "Barton Hall". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1318&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  10. ^ Fred Smoot. "Colbert County, Alabama, History / Barton Hall". rootsweb.com. http://www.rootsweb.com/~alcolber/hist-bartonhall.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-19. 
  11. ^ "Bethel Baptist Church, Parsonage, and Guard House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=985222624&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  12. ^ "Bottle Creek Site". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1420&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  13. ^ "Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-1821008891&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  14. ^ "City Hall (Mobile)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=814&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  15. ^ "Henry D. Clayton House". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1707&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  16. ^ "J.L.M. Curry Home". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=76&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  17. ^ "Dexter Avenue Baptist Church". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1422&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  18. ^ "DRUM, USS (Submarine)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1946&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  19. ^ "Episcopal Church of the Nativity". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1421&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  20. ^ "First Confederate Capitol". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=75&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  21. ^ "Fort Mitchell Site". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1203&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  22. ^ "Fort Morgan". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=70&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  23. ^ "Fort Toulouse Site". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=72&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  24. ^ "Foster Auditorium". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1919700228&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  25. ^ "Gaineswood". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1202&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  26. ^ "Government Street Presbyterian Church". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2145&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  27. ^ "Ivy Green (Helen Keller birthplace)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=894&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  28. ^ "Kenworthy Hall". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-164795011&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  29. ^ "MONTGOMERY (Snagboat)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1858&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  30. ^ "Montgomery Union Station and Train shed". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1320&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  31. ^ "Moundville Site". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=73&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  32. ^ "Neutral Buoyancy Space Simulator". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1924&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  33. ^ "Propulsion and Structural Test Facility". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1921&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  34. ^ "Redstone Test Stand". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1601&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  35. ^ "St. Andrew's Church". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1319&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  36. ^ "Saturn V Dynamic Test Stand". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1923&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  37. ^ "Saturn V Launch Vehicle". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1741&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  38. ^ "Sixteenth Street Baptist Church". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-1027013068&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  39. ^ "Sloss Blast Furnaces". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1201&ResourceType=District. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  40. ^ "Swayne Hall, Talladega College". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1511&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  41. ^ "Tuskegee Institute". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=74&ResourceType=District. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  42. ^ "Wilson Dam". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=71&ResourceType=Structure. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  43. ^ "Yuchi Town Site". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1&ResourceType=Site. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 

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