Father's Day

For other uses, see Father's Day (disambiguation).

Father's Day
Observed by	Many countries
Type	Historical
Date	In Australia-First Sunday in September,Third Sunday in June (many countries) and other dates
Related to	Mother's Day, Parents' Day, Children's Day

Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Father's Day complements Mother's Day, the celebration honoring mothers.

History

Father's Day is a celebration of fathers inaugurated in the early twentieth century to complement Mother's Day in celebrating fatherhood and male parenting. The first observance of Father's Day actually took place in Fairmont, West Virginia on July 5, 1908. It was organized by Mrs. Grace Golden Clayton, who wanted to celebrate the lives of the 210 fathers who had been lost in the Monongah Mining disaster several months earlier in Monongah, West Virginia, on December 6, 1907. It is possible that Clayton was influenced by the first celebration of Mother's Day that same year, just a few miles away. Clayton chose the Sunday nearest to the birthday of her recently deceased father. Unfortunately, the day was overshadowed by other events in the city, West Virginia did not officially register the holiday, and it was not celebrated again. Instead, credit for Father's Day went to Sonora Dodd from Spokane, who invented independently her own celebration of Father's Day just two years later, also influenced by Jarvis' Mother's Day. Clayton's celebration was forgotten until 1972, when one of the attendants to the celebration saw Nixon's proclamation of Father's Day, and worked to recover its legacy. The celebration is now held every year in the Central United Methodist Church, as the Williams Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was torn down in 1922. Fairmont is now promoted as the "Home of the First Father's Day Service".^[1]

A bill to accord national recognition of the holiday was introduced in Congress in 1913.^[2] In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson went to Spokane to speak in a Father's Day celebration and wanted to make it official, but Congress resisted, fearing that it would become commercialized.^[3] US President Calvin Coolidge recommended in 1924 that the day be observed by the nation, but stopped short of issuing a national proclamation. Two earlier attempts to formally recognize the holiday had been defeated by Congress.^[4] In 1957, Maine Senator Margaret Chase Smith wrote a proposal accusing Congress of ignoring fathers for 40 years while honoring mothers, thus "[singling] out just one of our two parents".^[4] In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation honoring fathers, designating the third Sunday in June as Father's Day.^[3] Six years later, the day was made a permanent national holiday when President Richard Nixon signed it into law in 1972.^[3][4] In addition to Father's Day, International Men's Day is celebrated in many countries on November 19 for men and boys who are fathers.

Spelling

Although the name of the event is usually understood as a plural possessive (i.e. "day belonging to fathers"), which would under normal English punctuation guidelines be spelled "Fathers' Day," the most common spelling is "Father's Day," as if it were a singular possessive (i.e. "day belonging to Father"). In the United States, Dodd used the "Fathers' Day" spelling on her original petition for the holiday,^[5] but the spelling "Father's Day" was already used in 1913 when a bill was introduced to the U.S. Congress as the first attempt to establish the holiday,^[2] and it was still spelled the same way when its creator was commended in 2008 by the U.S. Congress.^[6]

Dates around the world

The officially recognized date of Father's Day varies from country to country. This section lists some significant examples, in order of date of observance.

Gregorian calendar
Occurrence	Dates	Country
February 23		Russia (Defender of the Fatherland Day)*
March 19		Andorra (Dia del Pare)  Bolivia  Honduras[7]  Italy (Festa del Papà)		Liechtenstein  Portugal (Dia do Pai)  Spain (Día del Padre, Dia del Pare, Día do Pai)  Antwerp (Belgium)
Second Sunday of May	May 9, 2010 May 8, 2011 May 13, 2012	Romania[8] (Ziua Tatălui)
May 8		South Korea (Parents' Day)
Third Sunday of May	May 16, 2010 May 15, 2011 May 20, 2012	Tonga
Ascension Day	May 13, 2010 Jun 2, 2011 May 17, 2012	Germany
First Sunday of June	June 6, 2010 June 5, 2011 June 3, 2012	Lithuania (Tėvo diena)  Switzerland
June 5		Denmark[9] (also Constitution Day)
Second Sunday of June	June 13, 2010 June 12, 2011 June 10, 2012	Austria  Belgium
Third Sunday of June	June 20, 2010 June 19, 2011 June 17, 2012	Afghanistan  Albania  Antigua and Barbuda  Argentina[10]  Bahamas  Bahrain  Bangladesh  Barbados  Belize  Bermuda  Brunei Darussalam  Bulgaria  Canada  Chile	People's Republic of China**  Colombia  Costa Rica[11]  Croatia  Cuba[12]  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Dominica  Ecuador  Ethiopia  France  Ghana  Greece	Guyana  Haiti[13]  Hong Kong  Hungary  Ireland  Jamaica  Japan  Kosovo  MDG  Malaysia  Malta  Mauritius  Mexico[14]	Myanmar  Namibia  Netherlands  Nigeria  Oman  Pakistan  Panama[15]  Paraguay  Peru[16]  Philippines[17]  Puerto Rico  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Singapore  Slovakia  South Africa  Sri Lanka  Trinidad and Tobago  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States  Venezuela  Zambia  Zimbabwe
June 17		El Salvador[18]	Guatemala[19]
June 21 (first day of summer)		Lebanon[20]  Egypt  Jordan  Syria  Uganda
June 23		Nicaragua	Poland
Second Sunday of July	July 11, 2010 July 10, 2011 July 8, 2012	Uruguay
Last Sunday of July	July 25, 2010 July 31, 2011 July 29, 2012	Dominican Republic
Second Sunday of August	August 8, 2010 August 14, 2011 August 12, 2012	Brazil  Samoa
August 8		Republic of China (Taiwan)
First Sunday of September	September 5, 2010 September 4, 2011 September 2, 2012	Australia  Fiji	New Zealand  Papua New Guinea
Second Sunday of September	September 12, 2010 September 11, 2011 September 9, 2012	Latvia
Third Sunday of September	September 19, 2010 September 18, 2011 September 16, 2012	Ukraine
First Sunday of October	October 3, 2010 October 2, 2011 October 7, 2012	Luxembourg
12 November		Indonesia
Second Sunday of November	November 14, 2010 November 13, 2011 November 11, 2012	Estonia  Finland (Isänpäivä)  Iceland	Norway  Sweden
December 5		Thailand (The birthday of King Bhumibol)[21]
December 26		Bulgaria
Hindu calendar
Definition	Sample dates	Country/Territory
Bhadrapada Amavasya	August 29, 2011	Nepal[22] Buwaako Mukh Herne Din or बुवाको मुख हेर्ने दिन (कुशे औंशी)	India
Islam calendar
Definition	Sample dates	Country/Territory
13 Rajab	June 16, 2011	Iran[23]	Pakistan

*Officially, as the name suggests, the holiday celebrates people who are serving or were serving the Russian Armed Forces (both men and women). But the congratulations are traditionally, nationally accepted by all fathers, other adult men and male children as well.^{[citation needed]}
**In China during Republican period prior to 1949, Father's Day on August 8 was first held in Shanghai in 1945.

International history and traditions

In a few Catholic countries, it is celebrated on the Feast of St. Joseph.^{[citation needed]}

Arab world

Main article: Mother's_Day#Arab_World

It's celebrated on 21 June, the first day of summer. This is because Mother's Day in those countries is celebrated in the first day of spring.

Argentina

Father's Day in Argentina is celebrated on the third Sunday of June, but there have been several attempts to change the date to August 24, to commemorate the day on which the "Father of the Nation" José de San Martín became a father.^[10]

In 1953 the proposal to celebrate Father's Day in all educational establishments on August 24, in honor of José de San Martín, was raised to the General Direction of Schools of Mendoza Province. The day was celebrated for the first time in 1958, on the third Sunday of June, but it was not included in the school calendars due to pressure from several groups.^[24]

Schools in the Mendoza Province continued to celebrate Father's Day on August 24, and, in 1982, the Provincial Governor passed a law declaring Father's Day in the province to be celebrated on that day.^[24]

In 2004, several proposals to change the date to August 24 were presented to the Argentine Camara de Diputados as a single, unified project.^[24] After being approved, the project was passed to the Senate of Argentina for final review and approval. The Senate changed the proposed new date to the third Sunday of August, and scheduled the project for approval. However, the project was never addressed during the Senate's planned session, which caused its ultimate failure.^[25]

Australia

In Australia, Father's Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of September and is not a public holiday. YMCA Victoria continues the tradition of honouring the role fathers, and father figures play in parenting through the annual awarding of Local Community Father of the Year in 32 municipalities in Victoria. The Father's Day Council of Victoria annually recognise fathers in the Father of the Year Award.^[26]

Brazil

In Brazil Father's Day is celebrated 3 months after Mother's Day, on the second Sunday of August. A publicist Sylvio Bhering in the mid-1950s selected the date in honor of Saint Joachim, patriarch of family (as well as the Catholic day of godfathers).

Canada

In Canada, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June and is not a public holiday. Father's Day typically involves spending time with one's father or the father figures in one's life. Small celebrations and the giving of gifts may be part of the festivities organized for Father's Day.

Costa Rica

In Costa Rica the Unidad Social Cristiana party presented a bill to change the celebration of the day from the third Sunday of June to March 19, the day of Saint Joseph.^[27] That was in order to give tribute to this saint, who gave the name to the capital of the country San José, Costa Rica, and so family heads will be able to celebrate the Father's Day at the same time as the Feast of Saint Joseph the Worker.^[11] The official date is still third Sunday of June.

Denmark

In Denmark, Father's Day is celebrated on June 5.^[9] It coincides with Constitution Day, which is a public holiday.

Germany

Hiking/drinking tour on Herrentag

In Germany, Father's Day (Vatertag) is celebrated differently from other parts of the world.^[28][29] It is always celebrated on Ascension Day (the Thursday forty days after Easter), which is a federal holiday. Regionally, it is also called men's day, Männertag, or gentlemen's day, Herrentag. It is tradition, especially in the north and east of the country but much less so in the south and west, for groups of males (young and old but usually excluding pre-teenage boys) to do a hiking tour with one or more smaller wagons, Bollerwagen, pulled by manpower. In the wagons are wine or beer (according to region) and traditional regional food, Hausmannskost. Many men use this holiday as an opportunity to get drunk.^[29]

These traditions are probably rooted in Christian Ascension Day's processions to the farmlands,^[30][31] some of which reportedly took on the character of drinking sprees as early as in the 17th century.^[30] Similar "gentlemen parties" have also taken place in the streets of urban areas, especially Berlin, since the 19th century.^[30] However, many fathers opt to spend the day with their families instead and refrain from getting drunk.^[30][31] Many people will take the following Friday off at work, and some schools are closed on that Friday as well; many people then use the resulting four-day long weekend for a short vacation.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June and is not a public holiday.

India

In India , Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June and is not a public holiday.

Ireland

In Ireland (in both the North and the Republic), Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June and is not a public holiday.

Iran

Father's day in Iran is celebrated on the 13th of Rajaab, the birthday of the First Imam of Islam, Ali.

Italy

In Italy, according to the Roman Catholic tradition, fathers are celebrated on Saint Joseph's Day, commonly called Feast of Saint Joseph ("Festa di San Giuseppe"), March 19. It is not a public holiday.

Japan

Main article: Public holidays in Japan

In Japan, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June and is not a public holiday.

Korea

In Korea, Parents' day is celebrated on 8 May and is not a public holiday.

Malaysia

In Malaysia, Father's Day is on the third Sunday of June but is not a public holiday.

Seychelles

In Seychelles, Father's Day is celebrated on the 16th day of June and is not a public holiday.

Nepal

Main article: Gokarna Aunsi

The Newar population (natives of Kathmandu valley) in Nepal honors fathers on the day of Gokarna Aunsi, which occurs in late August or early September, depending on the year, since it depends on the lunar calendar. The Western-inspired celebration of Father's Day, that was imported into the country, is always celebrated in the same day as Gokarna Aunsi.

The rest of the population has also begun to celebrate the Gokarna Aunsi day ^[32] It is commonly known as Abu ya Khwa Swoyegu in Nepal Bhasa or Buwaako mukh herne din in Nepali (literally "day for looking at father’s face").^[22][33] On the new moon day (Amavasya) Hindus go to the Shiva temple of Gokarneswor Mahadev, in Gokarna, a suburb of Kathmandu while Buddhists go to Jana Bahal (Seto Machhindra Nath or white Tara) temple in Kathmandu to pay respect to their deceased father.^[32]

New Zealand

In New Zealand, Father's Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of September and is not a public holiday.

Pakistan

In Pakistan, there is no concept of a Father's Day. Only those having had some American influence and connection follow the American third Sunday of June as a father's day, and that too in families that are settled overseas.

The Philippines

In the Philippines, Father's Day is not an official holiday, but is widely observed on the 3rd Sunday of June. Most Filipinos born in the 1960s and 1970s did not celebrate Father's day but due to being under the influence of the United States as seen on television, the Filipinos most likely follow this tradition and other American holidays. The advent of the internet also helps in promoting this holiday to the Filipinos.

Poland

In Poland, Father's Day is celebrated on June 23.

Portugal

Father's Day is celebrated on March 19 (see Roman Catholic tradition below) in Portugal. Father's Day is not a bank holiday.

Roman Catholic tradition

In the Roman Catholic tradition, Fathers are celebrated on Saint Joseph's Day, commonly called Feast of Saint Joseph, March 19, though in certain countries Father's Day has become a secular celebration.^[34] It is also common for Catholics to honor their "spiritual father," their parish priest, on Father's Day.^[35]

Romania

Beginning with 2010, in Romania, Father's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of May and it is recognized officially by the state. Out of the 27 states in the European Union, it was the only one without an official Father's Day.^[8] Romanian Father's day for 2012 will be celebrated on May 13.

Singapore

In Singapore, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June but is not a public holiday.

Spain

Father's Day, El Día del Padre, is observed on the Feast day of Saint Joseph, which is March 19.^[36] As a Saint's Day, banks and many stores close.

Taiwan

Main article: Public holidays in the Republic of China

In Taiwan, Father's Day is not an official holiday, but is widely observed on August 8, the eighth day of the eighth month of the year. In Mandarin Chinese, the pronunciation of the number 8 is bā. This pronunciation is very similar to the character "爸" "bà", which means "Papa" or "father". The Taiwanese, therefore, usually call August 8 by its nickname, "Bābā Holiday" (爸爸節).

Thailand

In Thailand, Father's Day is set as the birthday of the king.^[21] December 5 is the birthday of the current king, Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). Traditionally, Thais celebrate by giving their father or grandfather a Canna flower (ดอกพุทธรักษา Dok Buddha Ruksa), which is considered a masculine flower; however, this is not as commonly practiced today. Thai people will wear yellow on this day to show respect for the king, because yellow is the Color of the day for Monday, the day king Bhumibol Adulyadej was born. In 2007, king Bhumibol Adulyadej was seen leaving the hospital wearing a baby pink blazer. Today, Thais wear pink instead of the yellow.

It first gained nationwide popularity in the 1980s as part of a campaign by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda to promote Thailand's royal family.^[21] Mother's Day is celebrated on the birthday of Queen Sirikit,^[21] August 12.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

In the United Kingdom, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in June and is not a public holiday.

United States

In the United States, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June. Its first celebration was in Spokane, Washington on June 19, 1910.^[37] Other festivities honoring fathers had been held in Fairmont and in Creston, but the modern holiday did not emerge from those.^{[citation needed]}

Modern Father's Day was invented by Sonora Smart Dodd, born in Arkansas, who was also the driving force behind its establishment. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who reared his six children in Spokane, Washington.^[5] She was inspired by Anna Jarvis's efforts to establish Mother's Day. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, she did not provide the organizers with enough time to make arrangements, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June.

Unofficial support from such figures as William Jennings Bryan was immediate and widespread. President Woodrow Wilson was personally feted by his family in 1916. President Calvin Coolidge recommended it as a national holiday in 1924. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson made Father's Day a holiday to be celebrated on the third Sunday of June. The holiday was not officially recognized until 1972, during the presidency of Richard Nixon.^{[citation needed]}

In recent years, retailers have adapted to the holiday by promoting greeting cards and traditionally male-oriented gifts such as electronics and tools. Schools and other children's programs commonly have activities to make Father's Day gifts.

More phone calls are made in the United States during Mother's Day than during Father's Day, but the percentage of collect calls on Father's Day is much higher, making it the busiest day of the year for collect calls.^[38][39] Also, calls during both Mother's Day and Father's Day tend to last longer.^[38]

Father's Day is accompanied by a smaller total number of phone calls, greeting cards and gifts than Mother's Day. It is speculated that this is due to the greater number of households with a mother than households with a father (due to single mothers), to the greater role of mothers in unpaid household labor, and to different personal or societal expectations.^[39]

Antecedent

The first modern celebration of a "Father's Day" was held on July 5, 1908, in Fairmont, West Virginia, in the Williams Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church South, now known as Central United Methodist Church. Clayton was mourning the loss of her father when, on December 1907, the Monongah Mining Disaster in nearby Monongah killed 361 men, 250 of them fathers, leaving around a thousand fatherless children. Clayton suggested her pastor Robert Thomas Webb to honor all those fathers.^[40][41][42] Grace Golden Clayton chose the Sunday nearest to the birthday of her father, Methodist minister Fletcher Golden.

The event did not have repercussions outside of Fairmont for several reasons, among them: the city was overwhelmed by other events, the celebration was never promoted outside of the town itself and no proclamation was made in the City Council. Also two events overshadowed this event: the celebration of Independence Day July 4, 1908, with 12,000 attendants and several shows including a hot air balloon event, which took over the headlines in the following days, and the death of a 16-year-old girl on July 4. The local church and Council were overwhelmed and they didn't even think of promoting the event, and it wasn't celebrated again for many years. The original sermon was not reproduced in press and it was lost. Finally, Clayton was a quiet person, who never promoted the event or even talked to other persons about it.^[40][41][42]

Clayton also might have been inspired by Anna Jarvis' crusade to establish Mother's Day; two months prior, Jarvis had held a celebration for her dead mother in Grafton, West Virginia, a town about 15 miles (24 km) away from Fairmont.^[40]

See also

Holidays portal

• National Grandparents Day

References

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2. ^ ^{a b} "Father to have his day". The New York Times. October 3, 1913. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE1DF133FE633A25750C0A9669D946296D6CF. "(...) a bill providing that "The first Sunday in June in each and every year hereafter be designated as Father's Day (...)"" 
3. ^ ^{a b c} "Father's Day – The un-Spokane history of Father's Day", Daily American, June 13, 2007, http://www.dailyamerican.com/articles/2007/06/13/national_news/n_news794.txt ^{[dead link]}
4. ^ ^{a b c} "Father Finally Granted A Day", Nashua Telegraph, part of The Telegraph, June 18, 1977, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19770618&id=c6orAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Mv0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6971,3560760 
5. ^ ^{a b} Leigh, 1997, p. 276.
6. ^ "H. RES. 1274. Commending Sonora Smart Dodd for her contribution in recognizing the importance of Father's Day and recognizing the important role fathers play in our families.". Library of Congress. June 12, 2008. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c110:H.+Res.+1274:. 
7. ^ "Se instituye el Día del Padre, Decreto Número 13". February 9, 1960. Archived from the original on August 9, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070809095817/http://www.honduraseducacional.com/Leyes/decretos.htm#SE_INSTITUYE_EL_DIA_DEL_PADRE_. Retrieved July 19, 2008.  (Spanish)
8. ^ ^{a b} "Romania Celebrates Fathers’ Day On Second Sunday Of May". Bucharest: mediafax.ro. May 4, 2010. http://www.mediafax.ro/english/romania-celebrates-fathers-day-on-second-sunday-of-may-6088334. 
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12. ^ "Principales efemérides. Mes Junio". Unión de Periodistas de Cuba. http://www.enlace.cu/efemeride/junio.htm. Retrieved June 7, 2008.  (Spanish)
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17. ^ Jerome Aning (June 14, 2008). "Daughter of missing NDF consultant believes he’s still alive". Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080614-142699/Daughter-of-missing-NDF-consultant-believes-hes-still-alive. Retrieved June 23, 2008.  (June 15, 2008 was third sunday of June)
18. ^ "17 de Junio, Día del Padre en El Salvador". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador. May 8, 1969. http://www.rree.gob.sv/comunidades/comunidades.nsf/pages/padre. Retrieved June 7, 2008. "Asamblea Legislativa de la República de El Salvador. 08 de mayo de 1969" ^{[dead link]} (Spanish)
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20. ^ Tina Sinatra, Jeff Coplon (2000), My father's daughter: a memoir (illustrated ed.), Simon and Schuster, p. 20, ISBN 0684870762, 9780684870762, http://books.google.com/books?id=Nwd4KLREVtEC, "I [Tina Sinatra] was born [in Lebannon] in June 20, 1948: Father's Day." 
21. ^ ^{a b c d} Paul M. Handley (2006). The King Never Smiles: a biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press. p. 288. ISBN 0300106823, 9780300106824.  (online version)
22. ^ ^{a b} P. Ferguson (2007). "Festivals and ceremonies". World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 536. ISBN 0761476318, 9780761476313. http://books.google.es/books?id=5ZBaVhmRvCkC. 
23. ^ "Father's Day Celebration in different countries". http://www.tebyan.net/Events_History/Special_Occasions/2008/7/9/70112.html. Retrieved July 19, 2008. "In Iran it is celebrated on the Birthday of First shiite Imam (Imam Ali (as)) on 13 of Rajab islamic calendar." 
24. ^ ^{a b c} "Sesiones ordinarias 2004 Orden del día n°1798: Día del Padre. Institúyese como tal el día 24 de agosto de cada año.". Cámara de Diputados de la Nación. November 7, 2008. http://www.diadelpadre.org/docs/1798.htm. Retrieved June 7, 2008. "la presión de diversos grupos determinó el “olvido” de incluir esta disposición en el calendario escolar a partir de 1957, y la omisión fue aprovechada para imponer el tercer domingo de junio como el Día del Padre norteamericano, en homenaje a mister John Bruce Dodd (...) instituir el día 24 de agosto como el destinado a la celebración del Día del Padre en homenaje al general José de San Martín, padre de la patria." 
25. ^ "Día del Padre (Estado del trámite del proyecto de ley)". http://www.diadelpadre.org/body.htm. Retrieved July 12, 2008. 
26. ^ www.fathersdaycouncil.org.au
27. ^ Rodolfo Delgado Valverde. "Proyecto de Ley. Celebración del 19 de Marzo como Día del Padre. Expediente 15911.". http://www.asamblea.go.cr/proyecto/15900/15911.doc. ^{[dead link]}
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29. ^ ^{a b} Agence France-Presse. "German Minister Urges Fathers Not to Get Drunk on Father's Day!". http://www.medindia.net/news/German-Minister-Urges-Fathers-Not-to-Get-Drunk-on-Fathers-Day-36153-1.htm. 
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35. ^ "Catholics Come Home to launch organization to encourage priests". Catholic News Agency. April 2010. http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/catholics_come_home_to_launch_organization_to_encourage_priests/. Retrieved June 12, 2010. 
36. ^ "Padres por horas", Faro de Vigo, 19 May 2010, http://www.farodevigo.es/sociedad-cultura/2010/03/19/padres-horas/421621.html 
37. ^ "Father's Day (United States)". http://www3.kumc.edu/diversity/other/fathers.html. Retrieved May 30, 2008. 
38. ^ ^{a b} "We Love You: Call Collect". Snopes.com. http://www.snopes.com/holidays/fathersday/collect.asp. Retrieved June 3, 2010. 
39. ^ ^{a b} Gogoi, Pallavi. "Father's Unspectacular Day." BusinessWeek. June 14, 2005.
40. ^ ^{a b c} Smith, Vicki (June 15, 2003). "The first Father's Day". Martinsburg Journal (Martinsburg, West Virginia). http://www.wvculture.org/HiStory/miscellaneous/fathersday02.html. Retrieved November 7, 2006. 
41. ^ ^{a b} Barth, Kelly (June 21, 1987). "First Father's Day service in 1908". Dominion Post (Morgantown, West Virginia). http://www.wvculture.org/HiStory/miscellaneous/fathersday01.html. Retrieved November 7, 2006. 
42. ^ ^{a b} "The First Father's Day Service occurred in Fairmont, West Virginia, on July 5, 1908, at Williams Memorial Methodist Espiscopal Church". Firstfathersday.us. July 5, 1908. http://www.firstfathersday.us/webb.htm. Retrieved September 4, 2010. 

Bibliography

• Leigh, Eric Schmidt (1997). Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays. Princeton University Press. pp. 275–292. ISBN 0691017212. http://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC. 
• Larossa, Ralph (1997). The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History. University of Chicago Press. pp. 90, 170–192. ISBN 0226469042. http://books.google.com/books?id=rkkIKQVu26cC&pg=PA90-IA3&vq=mother's+day&dq=%22Ann+Jarvis%22+OR+%22Anna+Jarvis%22+%22mother's+day%22. 

External links

• Father's Day at the Open Directory Project
• Proclamations by US Presidents on Father's Day, from George W. Bush and Bill Clinton