Chambéry

Chambéry
Not to be confused with Chamberí.

Chambéry
Chambéry panorama.JPG
Coat of arms of Chambéry
Chambéry is located in France
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Chambéry
Administration
Country France
Region Rhône-Alpes
Department Savoie
Intercommunality Chambéry Métropole
Mayor Bernadette Laclais (PS)
(2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation 245–560 m (804–1,840 ft)
(avg. 270 m/890 ft)
Land area1 20.99 km2 (8.10 sq mi)
Population2 56,835  (Jan. 2008[1])
 - Ranking 88th in France
 - Density 2,708 /km2 (7,010 /sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC +1)
INSEE/Postal code 73065/ 73000
Website www.chambery.fr
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Coordinates: 45°34′12″N 5°54′42″E / 45.57°N 5.9118°E / 45.57; 5.9118

Chambéry (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃.be.ʁi]; Italian: Ciamberì; Piemontese: Ciamberì; Arpitan: Chambèri) is a city in the department of Savoie, located in the Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

It is the capital of the department and has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V of Savoy made the city his seat of power.

Contents

Geography

Chambéry was founded at crossroads of ancient routes through the Dauphiné (Dôfenâ), Burgundy, Switzerland, and Italy, in a wide valley between the Bauges and the Chartreuse Mountains on the Leysse River. The metropolitan area has more than 125,000 residents, extending from the vineyard slopes of the Combe de Savoie, almost to the shores of the Lac du Bourget, the largest natural lake in France. The city is a major railway hub, at the mid-point of the Franco-Italian "Lyon-Turin Ferroviaire" rail link.

Chambéry is situated in the south-east of France, 523 km from Paris, 326 km from Marseille, 214 km from Turin, 100 km from Lyon and 85 km from Geneva. It is found in a large valley, surrounded by massif des Bauges to the east (dominated by le Nivolet, upon which la croix du Nivolet is found), le Mont Granier (Chartreuse) and la Chaîne de Belledonne to the south, la chaîne de l'Épine (the most southern mountain of the Jura) to the west and le lac du Bourget to the north.

The bordering towns of Chambéry are Barberaz, Bassens, Cognin, Jacob-Bellecombette, La Motte-Servolex, La Ravoire, Saint-Alban-Leysse and Sonnaz.

History

The history of Chambéry is closely linked to the House of Savoy and was the Savoyard capital from 1295 to 1563. During this time, Savoy encompassed a region that stretched from Bourg-en-Bresse in the west, across the Alps to Turin, north to Geneva, and south to Nice. To insulate Savoy from provocations by France, Duke Emmanuel Philibert moved his capital to Turin in 1563, and, consequently, Chambéry declined. At its height, Savoyard weapons were highly respected, and many of Europe's mightiest armies fought with weapons made in Savoy. France annexed the regions that formerly constituted the Duchy of Savoy west of the Alps in 1796; however, the former Duchy and Chambéry were returned to the rulers of the House of Savoy in Turin in 1815 following the defeat of Napoléon Bonaparte. The need for urban revitalization was met by the establishment of the Société Académique de Savoie in 1820, which was devoted to material and ethical progress, now housed in an apartment of the ducal Chateau. Chambéry and lands of the former Duchy, as well as The Duchy of Nice, were annexed by France again in 1860 under the reign of Napoléon III.

Toponymy

The town known as Lemencum first changed its name in the Middle-Ages during the period that the Duc de Savoie erected his castle. It was called Camefriacum in 1016, Camberiaco in 1029, Cambariacum in 1036, and Cambariaco in 1044. In the next century, Cambariaco changed to Chamberium (1233), finally becoming Chamberi in 1603. The actual name supposedly comes from the Gaulois term camboritos (a ford situated in a curve). The Latin name cambarius, meaning beer brewer, may also explain the name. Another hypothesis is that the Gallo-Roman name Camberiacum suggests the idea of currency changing (cambium) or trade (camerinum : market), or perhaps, a room (camera) where the toll taxes are collected.

Main sights

The main tower of the Château of the Dukes of Savoie at night with the memorial of Joseph and Xavier de Maistre.

Château de Chambéry

The first counts of Savoy settled into an existing fortress in 1285 and expanded it in the early 14th century to serve as a residence, seat of power and administration, and as stronghold for the House of Savoy. However, it quickly became obsolete as a serious fortification genuinely capable of resisting a siege. Due to constant French hostilities on the chateau, Duke Emmanuel Philibert decided to move his capital to Turin.

The chateau remained purely an administrative centre until Christine Marie of France, Duchess of Savoy, returned to hold court in 1640. It was the site of the 1684 marriage between Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and Anne Marie d'Orléans, niece of Louis XIV. Victor Amadeus II, having abdicated, lived here with his second wife Anna Canalis di Cumiana before they were imprisoned at the Castle of Rivoli for trying to reclaim the throne.

In 1786, Victor Amadeus III enlarged it, adding a Royal Wing.

Under Napoleon Bonaparte, the Aile du Midi ("South Wing") was rebuilt and redecorated to house the imperial prefecture of the department of Mont-Blanc. Elaborate modification to the structure were made again after Savoy was annexed by France in 1860.

Today, the political administration of the department of Savoie is located in the castle, and it is open for tours and concerts.

The most famous landmark in Chambéry: the Elephants Fountain.
Cour du Château in central Chambéry.

Fontaine des Éléphants

The Fontaine des Éléphants ("Elephants Fountain") is the most famous landmark in Chambéry. It was built in 1838 to honour Benoît de Boigne's feats when he was in India. The monumental fountain has strikingly realistic sculptures of the head and forelimbs of four lifesize elephants truncated into the base of a tall column in the shape of the savoyan (savoyarde) cross, topped by a statue of de Boigne. At first, the landmark was mocked by the local residents who were annoyed by it, but it now is accepted as one of the city's symbols. Since the early controversy, the statue kept its nickname of les quatre sans culs, ("the four without arses", which sounds in French similar to the title of the best-known movie by nouvelle vague director François Truffaut: Les quatre cents coups, "The 400 Blows").

Others

The Cistercian Abbey of Hautecombe, founded in 1135, is one of the burial places of the rulers of the House of Savoy. Saint Francis de Sales officiated at Notre-Dame de Myans (established before the 12th century). Francis I of France went to Notre-Dame de l'Aumône at Romilly in the 13th century as a pilgrim. The Sisters of St Joseph, an order founded at Chambéry in 1812, devotes itself to teaching and charitable work, and today, its members are now widespread.

Transportation

Chambéry Airport serves Chambéry. The Chambéry-Challes-les-Eaux station provides rail connections, including a nonstop TGV service to Paris-Gare de Lyon. High-speed rail service also continues east along the Maurienne Valley and through the Fréjus Rail Tunnel to Turin, Italy. STAC is the local bus system.

Military

Chambéry is home to the 13th Battalion of the Chasseurs Alpins.

Demography

Changing demographics of the town
1793 1800 1806 1822 1838 1858 1861 1866 1872
11,425 10,800 11,991 11,236 15,916 19,035 19,953 18,835 19,144
1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901 1906 1911 1921
18,545 19,622 20,916 20,922 21,762 22,108 23,027 22,958 20,617
1926 1931 1936 1946 1954 1962 1968 1975 1982
23,400 25,407 28,073 29,975 32,139 44,246 51,066 54,415 53,427
1990 1999 2006 2008 - - - - -
54,120 55,786 57,543 56,835 - - - - -
Sources : database Cassini of EHESS for selected numbers until 1962[2], database Insee from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)[3]
See database


Histogram on demographic change

   
 
 
 
0
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1800
 
 1820
 
 1840
 
 1860
 
 1880
 
 1900
 
 1920
 
 1940
 
 1960
 
 1980
 
 2000
 
Sources - database Cassini of EHESS and Insee See database


Sport

Chambéry is home to SO Chambéry Foot and to Chambéry Savoie Handball.

Notable people

Chambéry was the birthplace of:

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Twin towns – Sister cities

Chambéry is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ^ (French) Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques. "Populations légales 2008 de la commune : Chambéry". http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?annee=2008&depcom=73065. Retrieved 2010-07-01. 
  2. ^ Villages in the communes of today's Cassini the site of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales.
  3. ^ Evolution and population structure (from 1968 to 2007) on the site of Insee.

External links


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