List of Governors of Ohio

Governor of Ohio
Flag of the Governor
Incumbent John Kasich since January 10, 2011
Style	The Honorable
Residence	Westerville, Ohio
Term length	Four years, two consecutive with four year pause thereafter
Inaugural holder	Edward Tiffin
Formation	March 3, 1803
Deputy	Mary Taylor
Salary	$139,000 (2009)[1]
Website	governor.ohio.gov

The Governor of the State of Ohio is the head of the executive branch of Ohio's government^[2] and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.^[3] The governor has a duty to enforce state laws; the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio Legislature;^[4] the power to convene the legislature;^[5] and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.^[6]

There have been 63 governors of Ohio, serving 69 distinct terms. The longest term was held by Jim Rhodes, who was elected four times and served just under sixteen years in two non-consecutive periods of two terms each (1963–1971 and 1975–1983). The shortest terms were held by John William Brown and Nancy Hollister, who each served for only 11 days after the governors preceding them resigned in order to begin the terms to which they had been elected in the United States Senate; the shortest-serving elected governor was John M. Pattison, who died in office five months into his term. The current governor is John Kasich, who took office on January 10, 2011.

Governors

Initially after the American Revolution, parts of the area now known as Ohio were claimed by New York, Virginia, and Connecticut; however, New York ceded its claim in 1782, Virginia in 1784, and Connecticut in 1786, though it maintained its Western Reserve in the area until 1800.^[7] On July 13, 1787, the Northwest Territory was formed. As territories were split from it, it eventually came to represent just present-day Ohio.^[8]

Governors of Northwest Territory

Throughout its 15-year history, Northwest Territory had only one governor, Arthur St. Clair. He was removed from office by President Thomas Jefferson November 22, 1802, and no successor was named, with Charles Willing Byrd, Secretary of the Territory, becoming Acting Governor, serving until Tiffin was inaugurated March 3, 1803.^[9] There was no Ohio Territory; Ohio is considered the successor state to the Northwest Territory.

#	Picture	Governor	Appointed	Left office	Party	Appointed by
1		Arthur St. Clair	October 5, 1787	November 22, 1802[10]	Federalist	Continental Congress [note 1]
2		Charles Willing Byrd	November 22, 1802[9]	March 3, 1803	Democratic-Republican	not appointed, assumed acting governor when St. Clair removed[9]

Governors of the State of Ohio

Edward Tiffin, 1st Governor of Ohio Thomas Corwin, 15th Governor of Ohio, and 20th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, 23rd Governor of Ohio, and 6th Chief Justice of the United States Jacob Dolson Cox, 28th Governor of Ohio, and 10th U.S. Secretary of the Interior Rutherford B. Hayes, 29th and 32nd Governor of Ohio, and 19th President of the United States William McKinley, 39th Governor of Ohio, and 25th President of the United States James M. Cox, 46th and 48th Governor of Ohio John W. Bricker, 54th Governor of Ohio Frank J. Lausche, 55th and 57th Governor of Ohio George Voinovich, 65th Governor of Ohio

Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803. Since then, it has had 62 governors, six of whom served non-consecutive terms.

The first constitution of 1802 allowed governors to serve for two years, limited to six of any eight years, commencing on the first Monday in the December following an election.^[12] The current constitution of 1851 removed the term limit, and shifted the start of the term to the second Monday in January following an election.^[11] In 1908, Ohio switched from holding elections in odd-numbered years to even-numbered years, with the preceding governor (from the 1905 election) serving an extra year.^[13] A 1957 amendment^[11] lengthened the term to four years and allowed governors to only succeed themselves once, having to wait four years after their second term in a row before being allowed to run again.^[14] An Ohio Supreme Court ruling in 1973 clarified this to mean governors could theoretically serve unlimited terms, as long as they waited four years after every second term.^[11]

Should the office of governor become vacant due to death, resignation, or conviction of impeachment, the lieutenant governor assumes the title of governor. Should the office of lieutenant governor also become vacant, the president of the senate becomes the acting governor.^[15] If the vacancy of both offices took place during the first twenty months of the term, a special election is to be held on the next even-numbered year to elect new officers to serve out the current term.^[16] Prior to 1851, the speaker of the senate acted as governor for the term.^[17] Since 1974, the governor and lieutenant governor have been elected on the same ticket; prior to then, they could be (and often were) members of different parties.^[11]

      Democratic (23)       Democratic-Republican (8)       Federalist (2)       National Republican (1)       Republican (30)       Whig (5)

#	picture	Governor		Took office	Left office	Party	Lt. Governor [note 2]		Terms [note 3]
1			Edward Tiffin	March 3, 1803	March 4, 1807	Democratic- Republican	None		1 1⁄2 [note 4]
2			Thomas Kirker	March 4, 1807	December 12, 1808	Democratic- Republican			1⁄2 [note 5]
3			Samuel H. Huntington	December 12, 1808	December 8, 1810	Democratic- Republican			1 [note 6]
4			Return J. Meigs, Jr.	December 8, 1810	March 24, 1814	Democratic- Republican			1 1⁄2 [note 7]
5			Othniel Looker	March 24, 1814	December 8, 1814	Democratic- Republican			1⁄2 [note 5]
6			Thomas Worthington	December 8, 1814	December 14, 1818	Democratic- Republican			2
7			Ethan Allen Brown	December 14, 1818	January 4, 1822	Democratic- Republican			1 1⁄2 [note 4]
8			Allen Trimble	January 4, 1822	December 28, 1822	Federalist			1⁄2 [note 5]
9			Jeremiah Morrow	December 28, 1822	December 19, 1826	Democratic- Republican			2
10			Allen Trimble	December 19, 1826	December 18, 1830	Federalist			2
11			Duncan McArthur	December 18, 1830	December 7, 1832	National Republican			1
12			Robert Lucas	December 7, 1832	December 12, 1836	Democratic			2
13			Joseph Vance	December 12, 1836	December 13, 1838	Whig			1
14			Wilson Shannon	December 13, 1838	December 16, 1840	Democratic			1
15			Thomas Corwin	December 16, 1840	December 14, 1842	Whig			1
16			Wilson Shannon	December 14, 1842	April 15, 1844	Democratic			1⁄2 [note 8]
17			Thomas W. Bartley	April 15, 1844	December 3, 1844	Democratic			1⁄2 [note 5]
18			Mordecai Bartley	December 3, 1844	December 12, 1846	Whig			1
19			William Bebb	December 12, 1846	January 22, 1849	Whig			1 [note 9]
20			Seabury Ford	January 22, 1849	December 12, 1850	Whig			1 [note 9]
21			Reuben Wood	December 12, 1850	July 13, 1853	Democratic	None		1 1⁄2 [note 10] [note 11]
								William Medill
22			William Medill	July 13, 1853	January 14, 1856	Democratic	vacant		1 1⁄2 [note 12]
								James Myers
23			Salmon P. Chase	January 14, 1856	January 9, 1860	Republican		Thomas H. Ford	2
								Martin Welker
24			William Dennison	January 9, 1860	January 13, 1862	Republican		Robert C. Kirk	1
25			David Tod	January 13, 1862	January 11, 1864	Republican		Benjamin Stanton	1
26			John Brough	January 11, 1864	August 29, 1865	Republican		Charles Anderson	1⁄2 [note 13]
27			Charles Anderson	August 29, 1865	January 8, 1866	Republican	vacant		1⁄2 [note 14]
28			Jacob Dolson Cox	January 8, 1866	January 13, 1868	Republican		Andrew McBurney	1
29			Rutherford B. Hayes	January 13, 1868	January 8, 1872	Republican		John C. Lee	2
30			Edward F. Noyes	January 8, 1872	January 12, 1874	Republican		Jacob Mueller	1
31			William Allen	January 12, 1874	January 10, 1876	Democratic		Alphonso Hart	1
32			Rutherford B. Hayes	January 10, 1876	March 2, 1877	Republican		Thomas L. Young	1⁄2 [note 15]
33			Thomas L. Young	March 2, 1877	January 14, 1878	Republican		H. W. Curtiss (acting)	1⁄2 [note 14]
34			Richard M. Bishop	January 14, 1878	January 12, 1880	Democratic		Jabez W. Fitch	1
35			Charles Foster	January 12, 1880	January 14, 1884	Republican		Andrew Hickenlooper	2
								Rees G. Richards
36			George Hoadly	January 14, 1884	January 11, 1886	Democratic		John George Warwick	1
37			Joseph B. Foraker	January 11, 1886	January 13, 1890	Republican		Robert P. Kennedy	2
								Silas A. Conrad
								William C. Lyon
38			James E. Campbell	January 13, 1890	January 11, 1892	Democratic		Elbert L. Lampson	1
								William V. Marquis
39			William McKinley	January 11, 1892	January 13, 1896	Republican		Andrew L. Harris	2
40			Asa S. Bushnell	January 13, 1896	January 8, 1900	Republican		Asa W. Jones	2
41			George K. Nash	January 8, 1900	January 11, 1904	Republican		John A. Caldwell	2
								Carl L. Nippert
								Harry L. Gordon
42			Myron T. Herrick	January 11, 1904	January 8, 1906	Republican		Warren G. Harding	1
43			John M. Pattison	January 8, 1906	June 18, 1906	Democratic		Andrew L. Harris	1⁄2 [note 13] [note 16]
44			Andrew L. Harris	June 18, 1906	January 11, 1909	Republican	vacant		1⁄2 [note 14] [note 16]
45			Judson Harmon	January 11, 1909	January 13, 1913	Democratic		Francis W. Treadway	2
								Atlee Pomerene
								Hugh L. Nichols
46			James M. Cox	January 13, 1913	January 11, 1915	Democratic		W. A. Greenlund	1
47			Frank B. Willis	January 11, 1915	January 8, 1917	Republican		John H. Arnold	1
48			James M. Cox	January 8, 1917	January 10, 1921	Democratic		Earl D. Bloom	2
								Clarence J. Brown
49			Harry L. Davis	January 10, 1921	January 8, 1923	Republican		Clarence J. Brown	1
50			A. Victor Donahey	January 8, 1923	January 14, 1929	Democratic		Earl D. Bloom	3
								Charles H. Lewis
								Earl D. Bloom
								William G. Pickrel
								George C. Braden
51			Myers Y. Cooper	January 14, 1929	January 12, 1931	Republican		John T. Brown	1
52			George White	January 12, 1931	January 14, 1935	Democratic		William G. Pickrel	2
								Charles W. Sawyer
53			Martin L. Davey	January 14, 1935	January 9, 1939	Democratic		Harold G. Mosier	2
								Paul P. Yoder
54			John W. Bricker	January 9, 1939	January 8, 1945	Republican		Paul M. Herbert	3
55			Frank J. Lausche	January 8, 1945	January 13, 1947	Democratic		George D. Nye	1
56			Thomas J. Herbert	January 13, 1947	January 10, 1949	Republican		Paul M. Herbert	1
57			Frank J. Lausche	January 10, 1949	January 3, 1957	Democratic		George D. Nye	3 1⁄2 [note 4]
								John William Brown
58			John William Brown	January 3, 1957	January 14, 1957	Republican	vacant		1⁄2 [note 14]
59			C. William O'Neill	January 14, 1957	January 12, 1959	Republican		Paul M. Herbert	1
60			Michael DiSalle	January 12, 1959	January 14, 1963	Democratic		John W. Donahey	1
61			Jim Rhodes	January 14, 1963	January 11, 1971	Republican		John William Brown	2 [note 17]
62			John J. Gilligan	January 11, 1971	January 13, 1975	Democratic		John William Brown	1
63			Jim Rhodes	January 13, 1975	January 10, 1983	Republican		Dick Celeste	2 [note 17]
								George Voinovich
							vacant
64			Dick Celeste	January 10, 1983	January 14, 1991	Democratic		Myrl Shoemaker	2
							vacant
								Paul Leonard
65			George Voinovich	January 14, 1991	December 31, 1998	Republican		Mike DeWine	1 1⁄2 [note 4]
							vacant
								Nancy Hollister
66			Nancy Hollister	December 31, 1998	January 11, 1999	Republican	vacant		1⁄2 [note 14]
67			Bob Taft	January 11, 1999	January 8, 2007	Republican		Maureen O'Connor	2
								Jennette Bradley
								Bruce Edward Johnson
							vacant
68			Ted Strickland	January 8, 2007	January 9, 2011	Democratic		Lee Fisher	1
69			John Kasich	January 10, 2011	Incumbent	Republican		Mary Taylor	1 [note 18]

Other high offices held

This is a table of other governorships, congressional and other federal offices, and ranking diplomatic positions in foreign countries held by Ohio governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Ohio.

* Denotes those offices for which the governor resigned the governorship.

† Denotes those offices from which the governor resigned to take the governorship.

Name	Gubernatorial term	U.S. Congress		Other offices held	Source
		House	Senate
Arthur St. Clair	1789–1802			President of the United States in Congress Assembled	[19]
Edward Tiffin	1803–1807		S*	Commissioner of the General Land Office, Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory	[20]
Return J. Meigs, Jr.	1810–1814		S†	District Judge for Michigan Territory, U.S. Postmaster General	[21]
Thomas Worthington	1814–1818		S†		[22]
Ethan Allen Brown	1818–1822		S*	Commissioner of the General Land Office, Minister to Brazil	[23]
Jeremiah Morrow	1822–1826	H	S		[24]
Duncan McArthur	1830–1832	H			[25]
Robert Lucas	1832–1836			Governor of Iowa Territory	[26]
Joseph Vance	1836–1838	H			[27]
Wilson Shannon	1838–1840 1842–1844	H		Minister to Mexico*, Governor of Kansas Territory	[28]
Thomas Corwin	1840–1842	H	S	Minister to Mexico, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury	[29]
Mordecai Bartley	1844–1846	H			[30]
William Medill	1853–1856	H		First Comptroller of the United States Treasury, Commissioner of Indian Affairs	[31]
Salmon P. Chase	1856–1860		S	U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Chief Justice of the United States	[32]
William Dennison	1860–1862			U.S. Postmaster General, President of the D. C. Board of Commissioners	[33]
David Tod	1862–1864			Minister to Brazil	[34]
Jacob Dolson Cox	1866–1868	H		U.S. Secretary of the Interior	[35]
Rutherford B. Hayes	1868–1872 1876–1877	H		President of the United States*	[36]
Edward F. Noyes	1872–1874			Minister to France	[37]
William Allen	1874–1876	H	S		[38]
Thomas L. Young	1877–1878	H			[39]
Charles Foster	1880–1884	H		U.S. Secretary of the Treasury	[40]
Joseph B. Foraker	1886–1890		S		[41]
James E. Campbell	1890–1892	H			[42]
William McKinley	1892–1896	H		President of the United States	[43]
Myron T. Herrick	1904–1906			Ambassador to France	[37]
John M. Pattison	1906	H			[44]
Judson Harmon	1909–1913			U.S. Attorney General	[45]
James M. Cox	1913–1915 1917–1921	H†			[46]
Frank B. Willis	1915–1917	H†	S		[47]
A. Victor Donahey	1923–1929		S		[48]
George White	1931–1935	H			[49]
Martin L. Davey	1935–1939	H			[50]
John W. Bricker	1939–1945		S		[51]
Frank J. Lausche	1945–1947 1949–1957		S*		[52]
John J. Gilligan	1971–1975	H			[53]
Dick Celeste	1983–1991			Ambassador to India	[54]
George Voinovich	1991–1998		S*		[55]
Ted Strickland	2007–2011	H			[56]
John Kasich	2011—	H			[57]

Living former governors

As of April 2011^[update], six former governors are alive, the oldest being John J. Gilligan (1971–1975, born 1921). The most recent governor to die was Jim Rhodes (1963–1971 and 1975–1983), on March 4, 2001.

Name	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth
John J. Gilligan	1971–1975	March 22, 1921 (1921-03-22) (age 90)
Dick Celeste	1983–1991	November 11, 1937 (1937-11-11) (age 74)
George Voinovich	1991–1998	July 15, 1936 (1936-07-15) (age 75)
Nancy Hollister	1998–1999	May 22, 1949 (1949-05-22) (age 62)
Bob Taft	1999–2007	January 8, 1942 (1942-01-08) (age 69)
Ted Strickland	2007–2011	August 4, 1941 (1941-08-04) (age 70)

See also

• Election Results, Ohio Governor

Notes

1. ^ St. Clair was appointed governor by the Continental Congress; being governor of the first territory of the United States, he predated presidential appointments (and indeed the presidency itself).^[11]
2. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was not created until the 1851 Constitution, first being filled in 1852.
3. ^ The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
4. ^ ^{a b c d} Resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.
5. ^ ^{a b c d} As speaker of the senate, acted as governor for unexpired term.
6. ^ The 1808 election was actually won by Return J. Meigs, Jr., but he was declared ineligible for office for failing the residency requirements.
7. ^ Resigned to be U.S. Postmaster General.
8. ^ Resigned to be Minister to Mexico.
9. ^ ^{a b} William Bebb's term officially ended in December 1848. However, due to the large number of close elections that year, the general assembly was delayed in qualifying governor-elect Seabury Ford, and William Bebb remained in office for an extra few weeks.
10. ^ Wood's first term was truncated to one year, due to the 1851 constitution moving elections one year back to odd-numbered years.
11. ^ Resigned to be consul in Valparaíso, Chile.
12. ^ As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term, with no lieutenant, and was subsequently elected in his own right.
13. ^ ^{a b} Died in office.
14. ^ ^{a b c d e} As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.
15. ^ Resigned to be President of the United States.
16. ^ ^{a b} A 1905 amendment to the state constitution shifted elections forward one year, to take place on even years; thus, Pattison's term (completed by Lt. Governor Harris) was extended to three years.^[18]
17. ^ ^{a b} Was prevented from running for a third term due to a limit on consecutive terms; ran successfully for a third term against the governor who followed his first terms, John Gilligan.
18. ^ John Kasich was elected on November 2, 2010; he took office on January 10, 2011, for a term expiring on January 12, 2015.

References

General

• "Governors Database: Ohio". National Governors Association. National Governors Association. 2008. http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=OH. Retrieved May 18, 2008. 
• "Ohio Governors". Ohio Public Library Information Network. http://www.exploreohio.org/taxonomy/term/592/0. Retrieved July 13, 2010. 
• "The Governors of Ohio, 1803–1971". Ohio Historical Society. 1969. http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment/governors/index.html. 
• "Lieutenant Governors of the State of Ohio: 1852 - present". Ohio Secretary of State. http://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/electResultsMain/Historical%20Election%20Comparisons/Lieutenant%20Governors%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Ohio%201852%20-%20present.aspx. Retrieved June 4, 2008. 

Constitutions

• "Constitution of the State of Ohio". Ohio General Assembly. 1851. http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/constitution.cfm. Retrieved May 29, 2008. 
• "Constitution of the State of Ohio". Ohio Historical Society. 1802. http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment/constitution/cnst1802.html. Retrieved May 29, 2008. 

Specific

1. ^ "Ohio governor releases tax forms showing income". Associated Press. April 28, 2010. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC90A80.htm. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
2. ^ Ohio Constitution article III, § 5
3. ^ Ohio Constitution article III, § 10
4. ^ Ohio Constitution article II, § 16
5. ^ Ohio Constitution article III, § 8
6. ^ Ohio Constitution article III § 11
7. ^ "Ownership of the Northwest". Heritage Pursuit. http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Sandusky/SanduskyCII.htm. Retrieved June 16, 2008. 
8. ^ "Evolution of Territories and States from the Old "Northwest Territory"". John Lindquist. http://www.jlindquist.com/mapsupp1.html. Retrieved June 16, 2008. 
9. ^ ^{a b c} Smith, William Henry, ed (1882). The Life and Public Services of Arthur St. Clair. 1. Robert Clarke and Company. p. 246. http://books.google.com/books?id=sIUvN0eyjsIC&pg=PA246&dq=November. 
10. ^ "History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County". Heritage Pursuit. http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Hamilton/HamiltonChapI.htm. Retrieved May 30, 2008. 
11. ^ ^{a b c d e} Steinglass, Steven H.; Scarselli, Gino J. (2004). The Ohio State Constitution: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 0313267650. http://books.google.com/?id=mQQ_eD1C2CsC. Retrieved May 30, 2008. 
12. ^ Ohio Constitution article II, § 3
13. ^ Article XVII (adopted November, 1905) of Constitution, section 2: "And the General Assembly shall have power to so extend existing terms of office as to effect the purpose of section 1 of this article." and section 3 : "Every elective officer holding office when this amendment is adopted shall continue to hold such office for the full term for which he was elected and until his successor shall be elected and qualified as provided by law." source: Sandles, A P; Doty, E W, eds. The biographical annals of Ohio 1906-1907-1908 : A handbook of the Government and Institutions of the State of Ohio. State of Ohio. p. 123. http://books.google.com/books?id=V-clAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA123. 
14. ^ Ohio Constitution article III, § 2
15. ^ Ohio Constitution article III, § 15
16. ^ Ohio Constitution article III, § 17
17. ^ Ohio Constitution article II, § 12
18. ^ "Andrew L. Harris". Ohio Historical Society. http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment/governors/harris.html. Retrieved June 30, 2008. 
19. ^ "St. Clair, Arthur". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000763. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
20. ^ "Tiffin, Edward". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000268. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
21. ^ "Meigs, Return Jonathan, Jr.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000633. Retrieved May 30, 2008. 
22. ^ "Worthington, Thomas". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000750. Retrieved June 30, 2008. 
23. ^ "Brown, Ethan Allen". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000914. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
24. ^ "Morrow, Jeremiah". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001003. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
25. ^ "McArthur, Duncan". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000299. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
26. ^ "Robert Lucas". Ohio History Central. Ohio Historical Society. http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=248. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
27. ^ "Vance, Joseph". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000017. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
28. ^ "Shannon, Wilson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000291. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
29. ^ "Corwin, Thomas". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000791. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
30. ^ "Bartley, Mordecai". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000210. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
31. ^ "Medill, William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000624. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
32. ^ "Chase, Salmon Portland". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000332. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
33. ^ "William Dennison Jr.". Ohio Historical Society. http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment/governors/dennison.html. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
34. ^ "Chiefs of Mission for Brazil". U.S. Department of State. http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/brazil. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
35. ^ "Cox, Jacob Dolson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000833. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
36. ^ "Hayes, Rutherford Birchard". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000393. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
37. ^ ^{a b} "Chiefs of Mission for France". U.S. Department of State. http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/france. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
38. ^ "Allen, William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000150. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
39. ^ "Young, Thomas Lowry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=Y000054. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
40. ^ "Foster, Charles". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000299. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
41. ^ "Foraker, Joseph Benson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000253. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
42. ^ "Campbell, James". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000087. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
43. ^ "McKinley, William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000522. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
44. ^ "Pattison, John M.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000135. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
45. ^ "Judson Harmon". Office of the Attorney General. U.S. Department of Justice. http://www.justice.gov/ag/aghistpage.php?id=40. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
46. ^ "Cox, James Middleton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000835. Retrieved 2008-05-30. 
47. ^ "Willis, Frank Bartlett". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000561. Retrieved May 30, 2008. 
48. ^ "Donahey, Alvin Victor". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000410. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
49. ^ "White, George". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000370. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
50. ^ "Davey, Martin Luther". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000080. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
51. ^ "Bricker, John William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000820. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
52. ^ "Lausche, Frank John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000122. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
53. ^ "Gilligan, John Joyce". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000208. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
54. ^ "Chiefs of Mission for India". U.S. Department of State. http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/india. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
55. ^ "Voinovich, George Victor". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000126. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
56. ^ "Strickland, Ted". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S001004. Retrieved July 10, 2010. 
57. ^ "Kasich, John Richard". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000016. Retrieved November 6, 2010. 

External links

• Office of the Governor of Ohio