- Outline of Poland
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The Flag of Poland
The location of Poland
An enlargeable map of the Republic of PolandSee also: Index of Poland-related articlesThe Republic of Poland is a sovereign country located in Central Europe.[1] Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 km² (120,728 sq mi),[2] making it the 69th largest country in the world and 9th in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38.5 million people, which makes it the 33rd most populous country in the world.[3]
The establishment of a Polish state is often identified with the adoption of Christianity by its ruler Mieszko I in 966 (see Baptism of Poland), when the state covered territory similar to that of present-day Poland. Poland became a kingdom in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a long association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by uniting to form the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth collapsed in 1795, and its territory was partitioned among Prussia, Russia, and Austria. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I but lost it again in World War II, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poland lost over six million citizens in World War II, and emerged several years later as a socialist republic within the Eastern Bloc under strong Soviet influence. In 1989 communist rule was overthrown and Poland became what is constitutionally known as the "Third Polish Republic". Poland is a unitary state made up of sixteen voivodeships (Polish: województwo). Poland is also a member of the European Union, NATO and OECD.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Poland.
General reference
An enlargeable relief map of Poland- Pronunciation: /ˈpoʊlənd/ (
listen) - Common English country name: Poland
- Official English country name: The Republic of Poland
- Common endonym(s): Polska
- Official endonym(s): Rzeczpospolita Polska
- Adjectival(s): Polish, polski(a)–polskie
- Demonym(s): Polish
- Etymology: Name of Poland
- International rankings of Poland
- ISO country codes: PL, POL, 616
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PL
- Internet country code top-level domain: .pl
Geography of Poland
An enlargeable topographic map of PolandMain article: Geography of Poland- Poland is: a sovereign state
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Europe
- Time zone: Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
- Extreme points of Poland
- High: Rysy 2,499 m (8,199 ft)
- Low: Żuławy Wiślane −1.8 m (−6 ft)
- Land boundaries: 3,071 km
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Czech Republic 796 km
Slovakia 541 km
Ukraine 535 km
Germany 467 km
Belarus 418 km
Russia 210 km
Lithuania 104 km
- Coastline: Baltic Sea 440 km
- Population of Poland: 38,115,967 (June 30, 2007) - 33rd most populous country
- Area of Poland: 312679 km2
- Atlas of Poland
Environment of Poland
An enlargeable satellite image of PolandMain article: Environment of Poland- Climate of Poland
- Environmental issues in Poland
- Ecoregions in Poland
- Renewable energy in Poland
- Geology of Poland
- Protected areas of Poland
- Wildlife of Poland
- Flora of Poland
- Fauna of Poland
- Birds of Poland
- Mammals of Poland
Natural geographic features of Poland
- Glaciers of Poland
- Islands of Poland
- Lakes of Poland
- Mountains of Poland
- Rivers of Poland
- Waterfalls of Poland
- Valleys of Poland
- World Heritage Sites in Poland
Regions of Poland
Main article: Regions of PolandEcoregions of Poland
Main articles: List of ecoregions in Poland and Ecoregions in PolandAdministrative divisions of Poland
Main article: Administrative divisions of PolandProvinces of Poland
Main article: Provinces of Poland-
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- Districts of Poland
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Municipalities of Poland
Main article: Municipalities of Poland- Capital of Poland: Warsaw
- Cities of Poland
Demography of Poland
Main article: Demographics of PolandGovernment and politics of Poland
Main articles: Government of Poland and Politics of Poland- Form of government:
- Capital of Poland: Warsaw
- Elections in Poland
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Poland
- Political scandals of Poland
- Taxation in Poland
Branches of the government of Poland
Main article: Government of PolandExecutive branch of the government of Poland
- Head of state: President of Poland,
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Poland,
- Cabinet of Poland
Legislative branch of the government of Poland
- National Assembly of the Republic of Poland (bicameral)
- Upper house: Senate of Poland
- Lower house: Sejm of Poland
Judicial branch of the government of Poland
Main article: Court system of Poland- Supreme Court of Poland
Foreign relations of Poland
Main article: Foreign relations of PolandInternational organization membership
The Republic of Poland is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Poland
Main article: Law of Poland- Capital punishment in Poland
- Constitution of Poland
- Crime in Poland
- Human rights in Poland
- LGBT rights in Poland
- Freedom of religion in Poland
- Law enforcement in Poland
Military of Poland
Main article: Military of Poland- Command
- Commander-in-chief:
- Ministry of Defence of Poland
- Commander-in-chief:
- Forces
- Army of Poland
- Navy of Poland
- Air Force of Poland
- Special forces of Poland
- Military history of Poland
- Military ranks of Poland
Local government in Poland
Main article: Local government in PolandHistory of Poland
- Main articles: History of Poland, Timeline of the history of Poland, and Current events of Poland
- Economic history of Poland
- Military history of Poland
Culture of Poland
Main article: Culture of Poland- Architecture of Poland
- Cuisine of Poland
- Ethnic minorities in Poland
- Festivals in Poland
- Humor in Poland
- Languages of Poland
- Media in Poland
- National symbols of Poland
- Coat of arms of Poland
- Flag of Poland
- National anthem of Poland
- People of Poland
- Prostitution in Poland
- Public holidays in Poland
- Records of Poland
- Religion in Poland
- Buddhism in Poland
- Christianity in Poland
- Hinduism in Poland
- Islam in Poland
- Judaism in Poland
- Sikhism in Poland
- List of World Heritage Sites in Poland
Art in Poland
- Art in Poland
- Cinema of Poland
- Literature of Poland
- Music of Poland
- Television in Poland
- Theatre in Poland
Sports in Poland
Main article: Sports in PolandEconomy and infrastructure of Poland
Main article: Economy of Poland- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 22nd (twenty-second)
- Agriculture in Poland
- Banking in Poland
- Communications in Poland
- Companies of Poland
- Currency of Poland: Złoty
- ISO 4217: PLN
- Economic history of Poland
- Energy in Poland
- Energy policy of Poland
- Oil industry in Poland
- Mining in Poland
- Tourism in Poland
- Transport in Poland
- Poland Stock Exchange
Education in Poland
Main article: Education in PolandInfrastructure of Poland
- Health care in Poland
- Water supply and sanitation in Poland
Transportation in Poland
Main article: Transport in Poland- Airports in Poland
- Rail transport in Poland
- High-speed rail in Poland
- Roads in Poland
- National roads in Poland
- Motorways in Poland
- Expressways in Poland
- Voivodeship roads
- Powiat roads
- Gmina roads
- National roads in Poland
Health in Poland
Main article: Health in PolandSee also
Main article: Poland- List of international rankings
- Member state of the European Union
- Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Europe
- Outline of geography
References
- ^ a b "Poland". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ Central Statistical Office of Poland (2007). "Mały Rocznik Statystyczny 2007". http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/45_737_PLK_HTML.htm. Retrieved 15 August 2007.
- ^ NationMaster.com 2003-2007, Poland, Facts and figures
External links
- General
- Poland.gov.pl - Polish national portal
- Polish Information
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Poland at the World Factbook
- Background Note: Poland
- Travel
- Photos
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