.pl

Infobox Top level domain
name=.pl
background=#CCF


introduced=1990
type=Country code top-level domain
status=Active
registry=NASK
sponsor=NASK
intendeduse=Entities connected with flag|Poland
actualuse=Very popular in Poland
restrictions=No restrictions stated, but applicants are asked to "describe their rights to use this domain name"
structure=Registrations can be made directly at second level, or at third level beneath various second level labels
document=
disputepolicy= [http://www.arbitraz.pl/ PIIT arbitration] (for Polish entities)
[http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/rules/cctld/expedited/pl/ WIPO expedited arbitration] (for foreign entities)
website= [http://www.dns.pl/english/ dns.pl]

.pl is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Poland, administered by NASK, Polish research and development organization. It is one of the founding members of CENTR.

History

The .pl domain was created in 1990, following the mitigation of COCOM embargo on technological collaboration with post-communist countries. The first subdomain in .pl was .pwr.pl, belonging to the Wrocław University of Technology.

In 2003, the internationalized domain names were introduced. Registration of domains containing characters from Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic, and Hebrew script is allowed.

NASK is Sector Member [http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.detail?o&_languageid=1&_organisationid=43469] of ITU-T since 2004 and plays active role [http://www.bartosiewicz.pl/IDN.htm] in Study Group 17 working on Internationalized Domain Names (IDN). Andrzej Bartosiewicz, Head of DNS Division at NASK, acts as Rapporteur [http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/rapporteurs.html] for Question 16 dedicated to IDN.

Second-level domains

Several functional and geographical domains exist. The best known ones are:
* .com.pl, .biz.pl – commerce
* .net.pl – network infrastructure
* .art.pl – art
* .edu.pl – education
* .org.pl, .ngo.pl – organizations
* .gov.pl – government
* .info.pl – information
* .mil.pl – military
* .waw.pl, .warszawa.pl – Warsaw
* .wroc.pl, .wroclaw.pl – Wrocław
* .krakow.pl – Kraków
* .katowice.pl - Katowice
* .poznan.pl – Poznań
* .lodz.pl – Łódź
* .gda.pl, .gdansk.pl – Gdańsk
* .slupsk.pl - Słupsk
* .radom.pl - Radom
* .szczecin.pl – Szczecin
* .lublin.pl – Lublin
* .bialystok.pl – Białystok
* .olsztyn.pl – Olsztyn
* .torun.pl – Toruń
* .zgora.pl – Zielona Góra

Many registrants prefer to create their own second-level domains, directly under .pl — as of 2008, over 610,000 of such domains are registered. [http://www.dns.pl/english/zonestats.html]

External links

* [http://www.iana.org/root-whois/pl.htm IANA .pl whois information]
* [http://www.dns.pl/english/ Domain name registry of .pl]
* [http://www.dns.pl/english/zonestats.html Statistics of .pl]
* [http://www.dns.pl/english/registrar/uslugobiorcy.html List of accredited Registrars]
* [http://www.dns.pl/IDN/idn-registration-policy.txt IDN registration policy in .pl]