- Outline of Finland
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The location of Finland
An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of FinlandSee also: Index of Finland-related articlesThe Republic of Finland is a sovereign Nordic country located in Northern Europe.[1] Finland has borders with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east, and Norway to the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland. The capital city is Helsinki.
Around 5.3 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern part of country.[2] It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. The native language for most of the population is Finnish, a member of the Uralic language family most closely related to Estonian and one of the four EU languages not of Indo-European origin. The second official language, Swedish, is spoken by a 5.5 percent minority.[3] Finland is a democratic, parliamentary republic with a central government and local governments in 415 municipalities. Greater Helsinki (including Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen) totals a million residents and a third of the GDP. Other major cities include Tampere, Turku, and Oulu.
Finland was historically part of Sweden and from 1809 an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire. Finland's declaration of independence in 1917 from Russia was followed by a civil war, wars against the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, and a period of official neutrality during the Cold War. Finland joined the United Nations in 1955 and the European Union in 1995 and participates in the Eurozone. Finland has been ranked the second most stable country in the world, in a survey based on social, economic, political, and military indicators.[4]
Finland has seen excellent results in many international comparisons of national performance such as the share of high-technology manufacturing, the rate of gross domestic product growth, and the protection of civil liberties.[5]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Finland:
General reference
An enlargeable basic map of Finland- Pronunciation: /ˈfɪnlənd/
- Common English country name: Finland
- Official English country name: The Republic of Finland
- Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Finnish
- Demonym(s): Finns
- Etymology: Name of Finland
- International rankings of Finland
- ISO country codes: FI, FIN, 246
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:FI
- Internet country code top-level domain: .fi
Geography of Finland
An enlargeable topographic map of FinlandMain article: Geography of Finland- Finland is: a Nordic country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Time zone: Eastern European Time (UTC+02), Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+03)
- Extreme points of Finland
- High: Halti 1,324 m (4,344 ft)
- Low: Baltic Sea 0 m
- Land boundaries: 2,654 km
- Population of Finland: 5,356,900 (March 6, 2010) - 112th most populous country
- Area of Finland: 338,145 km2
- Atlas of Finland
Environment of Finland
An enlargeable satellite image of FinlandMain article: Environment of Finland- Climate of Finland
- Environmental issues in Finland
- Ecoregions in Finland
- Renewable energy in Finland
- Geology of Finland
- Protected areas of Finland
- Biosphere reserves in Finland
- National parks of Finland
- Wildlife of Finland
- Flora of Finland
- Fauna of Finland
Natural geographic features of Finland
Regions of Finland
- Main article: Regions of Finland
Ecoregions of Finland
- Main article: Ecoregions in Finland
Administrative divisions of Finland
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Finland
Provinces of Finland
Main article: Provinces of FinlandRegions of Finland
Main article: Regions of FinlandSub-regions of Finland
Main article: Sub-regions of FinlandMunicipalities of Finland
Main article: Municipalities of Finland- Capital of Finland: Helsinki
- Cities of Finland
Demography of Finland
- Main article: Demographics of Finland
Government and politics of Finland
- Main article: Government of Finland and Politics of Finland
- Form of government: semi-presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Finland: Helsinki
- Elections in Finland
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Finland
- Political scandals of Finland
- Taxation in Finland
Branches of the government of Finland
Main article: Government of FinlandExecutive branch of the government of Finland
- Head of state: President of Finland,
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Finland,
- Cabinet of Finland
Legislative branch of the government of Finland
- Parliament of Finland (unicameral)
Judicial branch of the government of Finland
Main article: Judicial system of Finland- General Courts of Finland
- District Courts of Finland
- Courts of Appeals of Finland
- Supreme Court of Finland
- Administrative Courts of Finland
- Regional Administrative Courts of Finland
- Supreme Administrative Court of Finland
- Special Courts of Finland
- Market Court of Finland
- Labour Court of Finland
- Insurance Court of Finland
- High Court of Impeachment of Finland
Foreign relations of Finland
Main article: Foreign relations of FinlandInternational organization membership
The Republic of Finland is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Finland
- Main article: Law of Finland
- Capital punishment in Finland
- Constitution of Finland
- Crime in Finland
- Human rights in Finland
- LGBT rights in Finland
- Freedom of religion in Finland
- Law enforcement in Finland
Military of Finland
- Main article: Military of Finland
- Command
- Commander-in-chief:
- Ministry of Defence of Finland
- Commander-in-chief:
- Forces
- Army of Finland
- Navy of Finland
- Air Force of Finland
- Special forces of Finland
- Military history of Finland
- Military ranks of Finland
Local government in Finland
Main article: Local government in FinlandHistory of Finland
- Main article: History of Finland, Timeline of the history of Finland, and Current events of Finland
- Economic history of Finland
- Military history of Finland
Culture of Finland
- Main article: Culture of Finland
- Architecture of Finland
- Cuisine of Finland
- Ethnic minorities in Finland
- Festivals in Finland
- Humor in Finland
- Languages of Finland
- Media in Finland
- National symbols of Finland
- Coat of arms of Finland
- Flag of Finland
- National anthem of Finland
- People of Finland
- Prostitution in Finland
- Public holidays in Finland
- Records of Finland
- Religion in Finland
- Buddhism in Finland
- Christianity in Finland
- Hinduism in Finland
- Islam in Finland
- Judaism in Finland
- Sikhism in Finland
- World Heritage Sites in Finland
Art in Finland
- Art in Finland
- Cinema of Finland
- Literature of Finland
- Music of Finland
- Television in Finland
- Theatre in Finland
Sports in Finland
- Main article: Sports in Finland
Economy and infrastructure of Finland
- Main article: Economy of Finland
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 34th (thirty-fourth)
- Agriculture in Finland
- Banking in Finland
- National Bank of Finland
- Communications in Finland
- Companies of Finland
- Currency of Finland: Euro (see also: Euro topics)
- Economic history of Finland
- Energy in Finland
- Energy policy of Finland
- Oil industry in Finland
- Health care in Finland
- Mining in Finland
- Finland Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Finland
- Transport in Finland
- Airports in Finland
- Rail transport in Finland
- Roads in Finland
- Water supply and sanitation in Finland
Education in Finland
- Main article: Education in Finland
See also
Main article: Finland- All pages beginning with "Finland"
- All pages with titles containing "Finland"
- All pages beginning with "Finnish"
- All pages with titles containing "Finnish"
- Index of Finland-related articles
- List of Finland-related topics
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the European Union
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Europe
- Outline of geography
References
- ^ a b "Finland". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fi.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ "The current population of Finland". Population Register Center. http://www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi/vrk/home.nsf/pages/index_eng. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ^ "The population of Finland in 2006". Statistics Finland. 2006-12-31. http://tilastokeskus.fi/til/vaerak/2006/vaerak_2006_2007-03-23_tie_001_en.html. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
- ^ The Failed States Index 2008
- ^ "Finland: World Audit Democracy Profile". WorldAudit.org. http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/finland.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
External links
- The Finnish Government – Official governmental site
- The President of Finland – Official site of the President of the Republic of Finland
- Parliament of Finland – Official Parliamentary site
- ThisisFINLAND – Main portal to Finland (administered by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland)
- Visit Finland – The official travel and tourism guide by the Finnish Tourist Board
- Helsinki.fi – Capital of Finland's city portal
- Today's weather by the Finnish Meteorological Institute
- Outline of Finland travel guide from Wikitravel
Outlines General reference · Culture and the arts · Geography and places · Health and fitness · History and events · Mathematics and logic · Natural and physical sciences · People and self · Philosophy and thinking · Religion and belief systems · Society and social sciences · Technology and applied sciencesCategories:- Outlines of countries
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