Malleus

Malleus
For other uses, see Malleus (disambiguation).
Bone: Malleus
Gray916.png
Left malleus. A. From behind. B. From within.
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The right membrana tympani with the hammer and the chorda tympani, viewed from within, from behind, and from above. (Malleus visible at center.)
Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
Latin Malleus
Gray's subject #231 1044
Precursor 1st branchial arch[1]
MeSH Malleus

The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer.

It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.

The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles and birds.[2] Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible.

Contents

Additional images

  • Ossicles

  • Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel's cartilage and hyoid bone exposed.

  • External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.

  • Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum.

See also

References

  1. ^ hednk-023 — Embryology at UNC
  2. ^ Ramachandran, V. S. and Blakeslee, S. (1999) ‘'Phantoms in the Brain’', p. 210

External links

v · d · eSensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, TH 3.11.09, GA 10.1029)
Outer ear

Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Incisura anterior auris, Earlobe) • Ear canal • Auricular muscles

Eardrum (Umbo, Pars flaccida)
Middle ear

Labyrinthine wall/medial: Oval window · Round window • Secondary tympanic membrane • Prominence of facial canal • Promontory of tympanic cavity

Membranous wall/lateral

Mastoid wall/posterior: Mastoid cells • Aditus to mastoid antrum • Pyramidal eminence

Carotid wall/anterior

Tegmental wall/roof: Epitympanic recess

Jugular wall/floor
Stapedius · Tensor tympani
Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube · Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube (Torus tubarius)
Inner ear/
(membranous labyrinth,
bony labyrinth)
General cochlea
Perilymphatic space

Reissner's/vestibular membrane • Basilar membrane

Endolymph • Stria vascularis • Spiral ligament

Organ of Corti: Stereocilia • Tectorial membrane • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Spiral limbus
Cells

M: EAR

anat(e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug(S2)
v · d · eBones (TA A02, GA 2)
Axial
vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) · sacrum · coccyx
Thoracic skeleton
sternum · rib
Facial bones
nasal · maxilla · lacrimal · zygomatic · palatine · inferior nasal conchae · vomer · mandible · THROAT: hyoid (greater cornu, lesser cornu, body)
malleus · incus · stapes
Appendicular
SHOULDER GIRDLE:clavicle · scapula · ARM: humerus · ulna · radius- HAND:carpals (scaphoid · lunate bone · triquetral · pisiform · trapezium · trapezoid · capitate · hamate) · metacarpals · phalanges (prox, int, dist)
Lower
PELVIS:pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis) · LEG: femur · patella · fibula · tibia · FOOT: tarsals (calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiform, cuboid ) · metatarsals · phalanges (prox, int, dist)

M: BON/CAR

anat(c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(M5)



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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Malleus — Malléus Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marteau. Le malléus ou marteau est le premier osselet de la chaîne des trois oss …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Malléus — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marteau. Le malléus ou marteau est le premier osselet de la chaîne des trois oss …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Mallĕus — (lat.), 1) Hammer, Schlägel; daher Mallĕus maleficārum, Hexenhammer, s.u. Hexe 2); 2) (Anat.), Hammer; 3) Muschel, Gattung der Bartmuscheln, s.d …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • malleus — ear bone, 1660s, from L. malleus a hammer (see MALLET (Cf. mallet)). So called for its shape …   Etymology dictionary

  • Malleus — Mal le*us, n.; pl. {Mallei}. [L., hammer. See {Mall} a beetle.] 1. (Anat.) The outermost of the three small auditory bones, ossicles; the hammer. It is attached to the tympanic membrane by a long process, the handle or manubrium. See Illust. of… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Malléus — (lat.), Hammer, eins der Gehörknöchelchen (s. Ohr und Tafel »Ohr des Menschen«); auch die Hammermuschel sowie der Rotz. M. maleficarum, Hexenhammer (s. Hexe, S. 300) …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Malleus — Mallĕus (lat.), Hammer; das größte Gehörknöchelchen [Tafel: Sinnesorgane II, 2]. M. (richtiger Maleus) heißt auch die Rotzkrankheit. – M. maleficārum, Hexenhammer, s. Hexe …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • malleus — [mal′ē əs] n. pl. mallei [mal′ēē ī΄] [L, a hammer: see MALLEABLE] the largest and outermost of the three small bones in the middle ear of mammals, shaped somewhat like a hammer: see EAR1 …   English World dictionary

  • MALLEUS — I. MALLEUS in aviatiis suspensus, contra ursorum insidias, memoratur Auctori Anonymo Sinae et Europae c. 38. Invastis Sarmatiae silvis, ubi in eavernis abietum sedes habent apes, ursi mellis cupiditate, felium more ascendunt: adversus quos… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • malleus — noun /ˈmæl.i.əs/ a) The small hammer shaped bone of the middle ear. The malleus is one of the three auditory bones. b) The tripus (ossicle in cypriniform fishes). A fracture of the malleus handle is a rare traumatic middle ear lesion. Syn …   Wiktionary

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