Hyderabad, Sindh

This article is about Hyderabad, Pakistan. For other uses, see Hyderabad.

Hyderabad حيدرآباد
—  City District  —
Hyderabad Location in Sindh
Coordinates: 25°22′45″N 68°22′06″E / 25.37917°N 68.36833°E / 25.37917; 68.36833Coordinates: 25°22′45″N 68°22′06″E / 25.37917°N 68.36833°E / 25.37917; 68.36833
Country	Pakistan
Region
District	Hyderabad District
Autonomous towns	5
Union councils	20
Government
– D.C.O Now Commissioner	Aftab Khatri
Area
– Total	3,198 km2 (1,234.8 sq mi)
Elevation	13 m (43 ft)
Population (2010)[1]
– Total	1,578,367
Time zone	PST (UTC+5)
– Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC+6)
Area code(s)	022
Website	www.hyderabad.gov.pk

 Hyderabad (help·info) (Sindhi: حيدرآباد , Urdu: حیدرآباد Haidarābād) is the second largest city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the fourth largest city in the country. The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the ruins of a Mauryan fishing village along the bank of the Indus known as Neroon Kot (Sindhi: نيرُون ڪوٽ). Formerly the capital of Sindh, it serves as the HQ of the district of Hyderabad. Before the creation of Pakistan, it was known as the Paris of India, for its roads used to be washed with river water.

The political boundaries stage the city as a district and the region has seen major political turmoil. From the battles fought against the British occupation to the civilian unrest in the 1980s, the city has lost its glory of past and much of its cultural and architectural heritage lies in tattered ruins.

Hyderabad is a hot and humid city in the south of the nation and has been a staging point for literary campaigns particularly oriented towards the Sindhi language and a birthplace of a few influential poets and Sufi dervishes. Rich with culture and tradition, the city is the largest bangle producer in the world and serves as a transit between the rural and the urban Sindh.

Stationed close to important architectural digs like the pre-Harappan Amri at 110 km, the region holds extreme importance to archaeologists the world over. The city is also known for its medical and educational institutions. It is also home to one of the oldest universities in the region, the University of Sindh.

History

The Pacco Qillo built by Ghulam Shah still remains today but in a desolate state and a dire need of repair. The Muhajirs migrating from across the border in 1947 encroached the premises to make room for their residences.

An rare photograph of Hyderabad from the late 1800s. The triangular structures on the rooftops are wind catchers, funnelling the cool breeze into the homes below, called a moug.

The Pacco Qillo is well known and is one of the greatest monuments of Sindhi heritage, today it remains ravaged by illegal settlements. The Pacco Qillo was established by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in the year 1762 and had become one of the largest military garrisons in the region.

Main articles: History of Hyderabad, Pakistan and Old City (Hyderabad)

Hyderabad is a city built on three hillocks cascading over each other. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty founded the city in 1768 over the ruins of Neroon Kot (Nerun or Nerun Kot) (meaning the place of Neroon), a small fishing village on the banks of River Indus named after its ruler Neroon. A formal concept of the city was laid out by his son, Sarfraz Khan in 1782. When the foundations were laid, the city obtained the nickname Heart of the Mehran as the ruler Mian Ghulam Shah himself was said to have fallen in love with the city. In 1768 he ordered a fort to be built on one of the three hills of Hyderabad to house and defend his people. The fort was built using fire-baked bricks giving it the name Pacco Qillo (Sindhi: پڪو قلعو) meaning the strong fort.

After the death of the last Kalhoro, the Talpur dynasty ruled the region. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur left his capital Khudabad, the Land of God and made Hyderabad his capital in 1789. He made the Pacco Qillo his residence and also held his courts there. Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur along with his three other brothers were responsible for the affairs that persisted in the city of Hyderabad in the years of their rule. The four were called char yar, Sindhi for the four friends.

The Baloch Talpur rule lasted almost over 50 years and in 1843, Talpurs faced a greater threat, the invasion of expanding British colonial empire. The British wanted to annex Sindh due to their strategic interests in the Punjab region and Afghanistan. The Talpur Amir signed a peace agreement that gave significant concessions to the British. After signing this peace agreement Amir Talpur demobilized his volunteer army. The British General Napier also started to march his army back towards Bombay. When the General Napier heard that the Talpur Amir had demobilised his Baloch army he turned back his army and again threatened Hyderabad. The peace agreement with Talpur Amir was of no consequence compared to the strategic interests of the British colonial empire. The British came face-to-face with the Talpurs at the Battle of Miani on 17 February 1843. General Napier was firmly determined in conquering Sindh and plundering Hyderabad. The battle ended on 24 March 1843 when the Talpur Amirs lost and the city came into the hands of the British. The Amirs of Hyderabad suffered great loss, their Fort was plundered, thousands were killed and Amirs themselves were exiled to Rangoon, Burma - never to see Sindh again. The British made the city part of the Bombay Presidency of British colonial empire.

At the time of independence of Pakistan in 1947, the Muhajirs began to immigrate to Pakistan and many settled in the city of Hyderabad. These refugee Muslim lost everything in India and were settled in refugee camps. This hostility translated into communal tension in Hyderabad between Muslim refugees and local Hindus; After independence of Pakistan, Hindus expected to remain in Sindh, however a large number of them left due to communal violence or due to better socio-economic prospects in India.

The massive migration of (Muhajirs) who began mass migration into Pakistan after independence of Pakistan in 1947 raised the population levels of the city to extremes. The late 1980s saw a black period in the history of Hyderabad as riots and violence broke out between the Muhajirs, and the indigenous Sindhi nationalist parties due to which the social fabric of the city was damaged

Geography and climate

Main article: Climate of Hyderabad, Pakistan

Located at 25.367 °N latitude and 68.367 °E longitude with an elevation of 13 metres (43 ft), Hyderabad is located on the east bank of the Indus River and is roughly 150 kilometres (93 mi) away from Karachi, the provincial capital. Two of Pakistan's largest highways, the Indus Highway and the National Highway join at Hyderabad. Several towns surrounding the city include Kotri at 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi), Jamshoro at 8.1 kilometres (5.0 mi), Hattri at 5.0 kilometres (3.1 mi) and Husri at 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi).

Hyderabad has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh), with warm conditions year-round. The period from mid April to late June (before the onset of the monsoon) is the hottest of the year, with highs peaking in May at 41.4 °C (106.5 °F). During this time, winds that blow usually bring along clouds of dust, and people prefer staying indoors in the daytime, while the breeze that flows at night is more pleasant. Winters are warm, with highs around 25 °C (77 °F), though lows can often drop below 10 °C (50 °F) at night. The highest temperature of 48.5 °C (119 °F) was recorded on 7 June 1991,^[2] while the lowest temperature of 3.3 °C (38 °F) was recorded on 21 January 1973.^[2]

In recent years Hyderabad has seen great downpours. In February 2003, Hyderabad received 105 millimetres (4.13 in) of rain in 12 hours, leaving many dead.^[3][4] The years of 2006 and 2007 saw close contenders to this record rain with death tolls estimated in the hundreds. The highest single-day rain total of 250.7 millimetres (9.87 in) was recorded on 12 September 1962,^[2] while the wettest month was September 1962, at 286 millimetres (11.26 in).

Climate data for Hyderabad, Pakistan
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	33.3 (91.9)	38.2 (100.8)	43.4 (110.1)	46.0 (114.8)	48.4 (119.1)	48.5 (119.3)	45.5 (113.9)	43.9 (111.0)	45.0 (113.0)	44.0 (111.2)	41.0 (105.8)	36.0 (96.8)	48.5 (119.3)
Average high °C (°F)	24.7 (76.5)	28.1 (82.6)	33.8 (92.8)	38.8 (101.8)	41.4 (106.5)	40.1 (104.2)	37.3 (99.1)	36.0 (96.8)	36.5 (97.7)	36.9 (98.4)	31.0 (87.8)	26.0 (78.8)	34.2
Average low °C (°F)	11.1 (52.0)	13.8 (56.8)	18.6 (65.5)	22.9 (73.2)	26.1 (79.0)	28.0 (82.4)	27.7 (81.9)	26.6 (79.9)	25.3 (77.5)	22.4 (72.3)	17.3 (63.1)	12.8 (55.0)	21.1
Record low °C (°F)	3.3 (37.9)	4.0 (39.2)	9.0 (48.2)	12.0 (53.6)	19.0 (66.2)	20.0 (68.0)	21.4 (70.5)	22.8 (73.0)	20.6 (69.1)	15.0 (59.0)	6.0 (42.8)	3.0 (37.4)	3.3 (37.9)
Rainfall mm (inches)	1.5 (0.059)	5.4 (0.213)	4.8 (0.189)	6.0 (0.236)	3.6 (0.142)	9.6 (0.378)	53.0 (2.087)	62.3 (2.453)	19.4 (0.764)	4.2 (0.165)	1.9 (0.075)	2.5 (0.098)	174.2 (6.858)
Sunshine hours	272.8	257.1	288.3	288.0	313.1	279.0	235.6	251.1	285.0	306.9	279.0	272.8	3,328.7
Source no. 1: [2]
Source no. 2: HKO (sun only, 1961–1990) [5]

Economy

Hyderabad is an important commercial centre where industries includes: textiles, sugar, cement, manufacturing of mirror, soap, ice, paper, pottery, plastics, tanneries, hosiery mills and film. There are hide tanneries and sawmills. Handicraft industries, including silver and gold work, lacquer ware, ornamented silks, and embroidered leather saddles, are also well established. Hyderabad produces almost all of the ornamental glass bangles in Pakistan. Hyderabad is a major commercial centre for the agricultural produce of the surrounding area, including millet, rice, wheat, cotton, and fruit.^[6] Pakistani government recently discovered a large gas deposit in Hyderabad which has not been put in production.

Government

A night view of Zila Nazim Office, Hyderabad.

The city of Hyderabad is where the district headquarters are located and the district government is seated. The district government elections are not held since the last governments term expired and the posts of District Nazim and Naib Nazim are vacant at the moment.

Electronic Governance

The government of the city does not yet support fully functional e-governance and has no website but the District Government of Hyderabad liberally uses the television as a mode of communication with the people of the city instructing them on public issues and awareness about projects under way. As of 2008, the district Hyderabad enabled its e-governance platform to support people via the Internet and other new media platforms.

Administrative divisions

Before the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the District Hyderabad included the present-day District of Badin. Then in the 2005-6 General Pervaiz Musharraf again divided it into four more districts Matiyari, Tando Allahyar, Tando Mohammad Khan and Hyderabad. Hyderabad district was subdivided into four talukas^[7]

1. Hyderabad City Taluka
2. Hyderabad Taluka (rural)
3. Latifabad
4. Qasimabad

Current development projects

To ease traffic congestion six flyover bridges are built in the city. These include Latifabad unit # 7 flyover, Hala Naka flyover, Sakhi Abdul Wahab flyover near railway station, Hosh Mohammad Sheedi flyover at Latif Chowk, Shahbaz Qalandar flyover at Shahbaz chowk and Ghulam Shah Kalhoro flyover at Railway crossing on Hyderabad-Mirpurkhas Road.

An expo center of international standards is also built near channel road. However, no major exhibition has been held yet.

Two filter plants to filter fresh water have been built at a cost of about Rs. 80,000,000. Their inclusion in the water system would ensure continuous supply of clean drinking water.

Police

While 19 police stations along with three police stations with own web development team Like 1) Police station Cantonment(www.pscant.4t.com) .2)Police station GOR(www.psgor.4t.com). 3) Police station Makki shah(www.psmakkishah.4t.com)are valuable addition to district police Hyderabad. Two new police stations 1)PS Air Port 2)PS Bhudhani have been formed to combat crime.

Demographics

A Sindhi woman on the banks of the River Indus in the outskirts of Hyderabad

Main article: Demographics of Hyderabad, Pakistan

Hyderabad is noteworthy in Sindh and Pakistan generally for its relative tolerance towards religious and ethnic affairs. During independence of Pakistan in 1947 Muhajir refugees began a migration in the city, while many Hindus emigrated to the newly independent state of India - primarily to Gujurat and Bombay. As per the census of Pakistan 1998, Sindhi Speakers account for a majority with 59.73% of the total population followed by Urdu Speakering Mohajir 21.05%. Other communities in the city include a large number of Silawats, Punjabis, Saraikis, Pashtuns, Balochis, Memoni etc

A large influx of Pakhtuns and Punjabis were attracted to Hyderabad after the Indus treaty settlement. Most Punjabis mixed with the local population however most Pakhtuns are distinct and separately living near the railway station and its vicinity. The city therefore has cosmopolitan atmosphere with multiethnic and multicultural communities.

Hindus account for the largest religious minority forming 10% of the total population of the city. While Christians account for just 1% of the total population, Hyderabad is the seat of a Diocese of the Church of Pakistan and has five churches and a cathedral.

Noteworthy attractions

Tombs of the Talpur Mirs (Cubbas), now in Hirabad in Hyderabad, Sindh. These shrines are now in a desolate state.

The Pacco Qillo currently stands heavily encroached with shops and residential areas making it unfit for repair. Walls give way and fall rendering the nearby places dangerous for dwelling or commerce.

The ruins of an ancient civilisation at Agham Kot

• Amri (Pre-Harappa): an archaeological site dating back to 3600 BC, 110-kilometre (68 mi) from the city, is the remains of a pre-Harrapan fortified town.
• Pacco Qillo (the Hyderabad Fort) and the Kachha Qilla (lit. the weak fort): fortified residences that were built by the Talpur rulers to keep out invaders during the 17th century.
• The Tombs of Talpur Mirs: colloquially known as Cubbas in Hirabad, tomb sites of the former rulers of Sindh who were defeated by the British in the famous battle of Miani.
• Agham Kot: an archaeological site containing the reminence and tombs of an ancient empire.
• Rani Bagh: formerly a zoo named after Queen Victoria of England (The zoo was founded by the British colonial local administration; Rani means "Queen" in Urdu), has been renovated and has become a very beautiful park with exotic animals such as lions, zebras, different species of birds as well as horses.
• Hussainabad Park: a central park with a man-made lake, home to various bird life.
• Mustafa Park: a newly inaugrated park at Noorani Basti with life scale animal models.
• Ranikot Fort: one of the largest forts in the world according to circumference. Located 90 km from the city.
• Sindh Museum: a museum featuring the history and heritage of Sindh and the Indus Valley Civilization. Items from various ruling periods of Sindh, including Sama, Soomra, Kalhora and Talpur periods can be found at the museum.
• Institute of Sindhology Museum: an exhibition of dioramas at the University of Sindh campus that display many aspects of the history of Sindh, its heritage, music and culture. Worth noticing are the ones that depict the lifestyles of the desert tribes of Thar and Kohistan.
• Resham Ghiti, Chhotki Ghiti and Shahi Bazaar: some of Hyderabad's oldest bazaars serving arts, crafts, embroidery and jewellery of Sindhi heritage.
• The mighty river Indus: the largest river in Pakistan and flows alongside the city of Hyderabad. Its banks touching Hyderabad are known to have some of the finest fishing spots in Pakistan.
• Navalrai Market Clock Tower: built in 1914 is a remnant of a pre-Partition fish and meat market in the heart of Hirabad.
• The Badshahi Bungalow: palace of prince Mir Hassan Ali Khan Talpur, the son of the last ruler of Hyderabad Mir Naseer Khan Talpur. This Palace is located in Tando of Talpur Mirs in Latifabad.
• New Hyderabad City: an extension of the city of Hyderabad, best known for its famous 12-acre (49,000 m²) park, Lake View Park, which features a man made lake and beautiful gardens. The park has become a recreational spot for the local families, specially on national holidays.

Sport

Hyderabad is home to the Hyderabad Hawks who play at the Niaz Stadium. It has a seating capacity of 25,000 known for the first ever hat-trick taken by a bowler in a one-day international (ODI) match in 1982. Many cricket test matches were played at Niaz Stadium. Nowadays many visiting test playing countries refuse to play in Hyderabad because of lack of 5 star hotel. Hyderabad also has a hockey stadium. There is another stadium in Latifabad called Board Stadium mostly catering to school sports under the supervision of BISE (Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education) Hyderabad.

Education

Main articles: Education in Hyderabad, Sindh and Educational institutes in Hyderabad, Sindh

Before independence of Pakistan, the education opportunities were limited for Muslims of Hyderabad. Noor Mohammad High School was the only one high school for Muslim students could study. It was founded by famous Sindhi educationist Noor Mohammad. All other schools admitted only Hindu students.

As a gateway between the rural Sindh and the urban Sindh, Hyderabad attracts students from the lesser developed regions of Sindh. The city has a large number of schools, colleges and universities.

A former nerve center of Sindhi nationalist and literary movements, the city now has better education facilities and new universities, colleges and schools. At one time a hub of economic, educational and cultural activities, a breeding ground of academicians, philanthropists, writers, lawyers, politicians, journalists, actors and actresses, Hyderabad also had its industrialists, trade unionists, political activists, bureaucrats, bankers and diplomats who made a significant contribution to Pakistani society. But this gracious city now seems to be slowly dying, although it still produces over a couple of dozen major and minor newspapers in both Sindhi and Urdu.^[6]

Universities and colleges

The Sindh Agriculture University is located on Tando Jam Road Hyderabad

The University of Sindh [1] is the dominant player in educational reforms since its inception in 1947. The University of Sindh,the second oldest university of the country, was constituted under the University of Sindh Act. No. XVII of 1947 passed by the Legislative Assembly of Sindh. It was founded in Karachi and relocated to Hyderabad in 1951, only because the city was re-enacted as the capital of the province of Sindh. It has 32 colleges affiliated with it. Main campus of the university is located outside Hyderabad city in Jamshoro town Jamshoro district alongwith other universities like the Mehran University of Engineering and Technology and Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. Sindh Agriculture University in Tando Jam is still in Hyderabad district and focus primarily on agriculture and horticulture. Other universities in the private sector in Hyderabad city include University of East and Isra University.

Most of the colleges are affiliated with the universities above but some enjoy repute built of time like the oldest being the Government Degree College now renamed Government College of Technology, Goverenment Poly-technical college.
Intermediate level colleges in Hyderabad city includes:
Muslim Science Collage in Tower Market area
Govt Nazareth College
Government Zubaida College
Government College Kari Mori
Foundation public school
Hyderabad Public School
Superior College of Science Hyderabad

Museums and libraries

The entrance to the Sindh Museum

Hyderabad is home to a few museums that store the cultural heritage of this land of religious and ethnic diversity. The Institute of Sindhology Museum and the Sindh Museum are a haven for Sindhi enthusiasts in ethnological contexts. Sindh Museum also hosts archæological treasures from Amri. Whilst there are a few libraries in the city, most of them are in a sad state. There is a children's library opposite Lady Duffrin Hospital on Station road, very few people know about its existence. Work is going on Moullana Hasrat Mohani library near pukka kila main gate in the homestead hall building. Allama Daudpota Library near Sindh Museum in Qasimabad stores literary work dating back to the earliest Sindhi text.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Hyderabad, Sindh

Serving as a socio-economic crossroad to the lesser developed cities and towns in Sindh and linking and networking them with the bigger towns and cities in the nation, Hyderabad holds importance as a vital transportation link via every service. It can be reached by every mean of transportation, be it air, land, water or rail.

The Hyderabad airport has now started functioning after 10 years of closure.

The city has a modestly good airport. The operation was stopped for some years but the airport has started operating again from late 2008. There are 2 flights every week from Hyderabad. Currently the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines, operates prop aircraft into the city with flights to other cities within Pakistan.PIA is established in 1954, is the national carrier; until the mid-1990s it was the sole domestic carrier, but since then a number of small regional airlines and charter services have been established. (PIA also runs international flights to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia, as well as to neighbouring Afghanistan.) The principal airports are located at Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Quetta, and Peshawar. Karachi, Port Qāsim, and Gwadar are the principal port cities; in addition, a number of small harbours along the Makran Coast handle the small boats that ply between Pakistan and the Persian Gulf states. In the early 1990s the limitations of the transportation system emerged as a major constraint on the modernization of the economy, prompting the government to undertake large-scale investments in the highway sector. Private entrepreneurs were invited to participate on the basis of a “build-operate-transfer” (BOT) approach, which subsequently became popular in other developing countries. (In the BOT system, private entrepreneurs build and operate infrastructure facilities such as ports, highways, and power plants and then recover their costs by charging tariffs from the users. Once the investors have recovered their outlay, the facility created is transferred to the government.

The Indus Highway provides an extensive road network for logistical and commuting possibilities to and from Hyderabad

Hyderabad has a decent road network, but most of the roads are being redone by the National Highway Authority. Hyderabad is deemed the most important milestone on the National Highway which passes through the city. The highway divides into Route N5 going southwest and M9 going north while it forks into the KLP (Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Faislabad) Road and the Hala Road. Over the years, the M9 has had massive construction work to include six lanes across its 136 km span being the most used highway in Pakistan while the N5 has two lanes to cater to its lesser traffic needs. However, the public has stressed to improve the conditions of the roads within Hyderabad.

There are seven large bus terminals within the city. Some of the most busiest are the Badin Bus Stop near SITE, Tando Bago Coach Stop, Jacobabad-Larkana Bus Stop at Pathan Colony, Nawab Shah Bus Stand at Halla Nakka, Sanghar Coach Stop near Civil Hospital, Karachi Bus Stand near Qasim Chowk and Sammi Daewoo Bus Service To Karachi at Auto-Bhan Road and Latifabad U7.

Hyderabad has a rich rail history. From the starting days of the Scinde Railways to the purchase of the private railway company by the North-Western Railway now Pakistan Railways, Hyderabad has been a major junction on the rail-line, where railway lines proceed in at least three directions: northwards (up-country), southwards (down-country) and eastwards. The railway station is called the Hyderabad Junction. It was built under the British rule in 1890. The city with increasing need of transport facility is still facing a real trouble with respect to the rail transport. One full fledged while two little stations in detha and tando jam are not satisfying the demands for rail travel.

With the city at the banks of the Indus River, the fishermen tend to use riverboats to fish and travel across the waters. Riverboats are not accessible to general public but local fishermen, in attempts of making money for their daily ration, sail people aboard their fishing ferries at Al-manzar, a restaurant at the banks of the Indus.

Buses and trucks have displaced rail as the principal long-distance carrier. A program of deregulation of the road transport industry was undertaken in 1970 and encouraged the entry of a large number of independent operators into the sector. Trucks and tractor-drawn trailers have largely displaced the traditional bullock cart for local transport of produce to markets, but in many rural areas animal power is still crucial to economic survival. Air transport of cargo and passengers has become increasingly important.

All the main cities are connected by major highways, and Pakistan is connected to each of its neighbours, including China, by road. The great majority of roads are paved. The country’s main rail route runs more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north from Karachi to Peshawar, via Lahore and Rawalpindi. Another main line branches northwestward from Sukkur to Quetta.

Media

Literature

As tradition goes, Sindh had always been a hub for Sufi poets. With a foothold on strong educational foundations, the city of Hyderabad was made into a refuge for thriving literary advocates. Of the few, Mirza Kalich Beg received education from the Government High School, Hyderabad and carried the banner of Sindhi literature across borders.^[8] Modern novelists, writers, columnists and researchers like Musharraf Ali Farooqi, Dr. Syed Mehboob, Ghulam Mustafa Khan and Qabil Ajmeri also hail from Hyderabad.Dr.Syed Mehboob famous writer, researcher, columnist and director research KCCI was also born in Hyderabad . He received early education from here and done graduation from Sindh University. Dr.Syed Mehboob is a multilingual writer who writes in English,Urdu, Hindko etc. He also helped Paktranslations to form Pakistan's first machine translation a unique project that intends to do this august job in different languages like Urdu, Sindhi, Punjabi, Hindko and Siraiki etc. Dr.Syed Mehboob's ervices were highly appreciated and lauded by literary circle.

Hyderabad has served many Sindhi literary campaigns throughout the history of Pakistan as is evident from the daily newspapers and periodicals that are published in the city. A few worth mention are the dailies Kawish,^[9] Ibrat,^[10] and Daily Sindh.^[11]

Radio and television

With the inauguration of a new broadcasting house at Karachi in 1950, it was possible to lay the foundations for the Hyderabad radio station in 1951. The initial broadcast was made capable using 1 kW medium-wave transmitter. With the first successful transmissions on the FM 100 bandwidth in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad in October 1998, the Government decided on opening transmissions to other cities where Radio Pakistan had found success. This made available the FM 101 bandwidth transmissions to Hyderabad and other cities in Sindh.^[12]

A relief from the regular broadcasts in other cities, entertainment content on the Hyderabad radio gave birth to many a star whose names became an attribute to Hyderabad's richer media content. Among them were actor Shafi Mohammad, a young man who had recently finished his postgraduate degree from the University of Sindh.^[13] Such fresh and young talent became a trademark to entertainment in Hyderabad.

Whilst radio was gaining popularity, bulky television screens showed the broadcast of Neil Armstrong setting foot on the moon. Pakistan Television had only had half-a-decade broadcast success from 1963 to 1969 that people in the radio entertainment business felt destined to make a mark on the television circuits. Prominent radio personalities from the Hyderabad radio station like Shafi Muhammad Shah and Mohammad Ali left the airwaves to hone their acting skills on the television.^[14] Television shows and content enriched with the inclusion of Hyderabadi names however PTV never opened a television station in Hyderabad.

While the year 2005 saw new FM regular stations set up at Gawadar, Mianwali, Sargodha, Kohat, Bannu and Mithi, private radio channels began airing in and around Hyderabad. Of late, stations like Sachal FM 105 and some others have gained popularity. But the unavailability of an up-to-date news and current affairs platform renders the services of such stations of not much value to the masses but nonetheless appealing to youngsters.

As the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (abbreviated as PEMRA) gave licenses to private radio channels, so were television channels owned privately given a right to broadcast from the year 2002,^[15] and Daily Kawish,^[9] a prominent Sindhi newspaper published from Hyderabad opened a one-of-its-kind private Sindhi channel Kawish Television Network. Many followed in its path namely Sindh TV, Dhoom TV and Kashish TV premièring Sindhi content.

Notable people

• Hoshu Sheedi was the General of Talpur Mirs' Army which fought against British in the Battles of Miani and last Battle of Dubbo. Before his martyrdom in the Battle of Dubbo, he attempted to raise this famous slogan in Saraiki language

“ مرسون مرسون، سنڌ نه ڏيسون 'Marsoon Marsoon, Sindh na Ddaisun' (We'd die but wouldn't give Sindh [to others] ”

• Mirza Kalich Beg (1853–1929) a civil servant, educationist, renowned scholar and author of about 400 books, hailed for his contributions to the Sindhi literature. Born and buried in Tando Thoro, Hyderabad.
• Allama Imdad Ali Imam Ali Kazi (1886–1968) was a scholar, philosopher, jurist, and educationist. He is considered to be a founder of the University of Sindh at its present location at Jamshoro. Many remarkable works for Sindhi Art, literature, mysticism, education and history are attributed to him.
• Dr.Nabi Bux Khan Baloch Ph.D, (1917–2011), was an educationist, liguist, researcher, author of books in multiple languages including Sindhi, Urdu, English and Persian.
• Muhammad Ibrahim Joyo, born 1915, is an educationist, scholar, author and translator of many books.
• Ghulam Mustafa Khan, born 1912, Ph.D., D.Litt, SI, was a Researcher, Critic, Linguist, Author, Scholar of Urdu literature & linguistics, educationist, religious & spiritual leader of Naqshbandi Mujadidiah order.
• Munir Ahmed Khan PhD, Professor of comparative religions, Sindh University,Author, Critic, Linguist, Spiritual Leader of Naqshbandi Mujadidiah order
• Choudry Mohammad Sadiq (1900–1975) was born in Batala, District Gurdaspur, in an Arain family, Graduated from Islamia College, Lahore and obtained his law degree in 1928. He was an eminent politician and remained a Muslim Leaguer before and after independence. Settled in Sindh in 1934. Moved to Hyderabad in 1940. Founded Sindh Chamber of Agriculture in late 1960s. A housing development in Hyderabad (Sadiq Livina) is named after him.
• Syed Qamar Zaman Shah was born 12 September 1933, did B.A. (Hons), 1957, L.L.B. 1959. He is the nephew and son-in-law of Late Syed Miran Mohammad Shah. He remained Senator during early 1970s.
• Syed Miran Mohammad Shah was speaker of Sindh legislative Assembly, Minister Sindh Government, Ambassador of Pakistan in Spain.

Sister City

Hyderabad and Toledo, OH became sister cities on Feb 15, 2011

• Toledo, Ohio

See also

• Hyderabad Electric Supply Company
• Sateen Jo Aastan
• Hyderabad Airport
• History of Hyderabad, Pakistan
• Battle of Hyderabad

Notes

1. ^ Helders, Stefan. "Hyderabad". World Gazetteer. http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-2944&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=&geo=415392837. Retrieved 2007-10-08. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} http://www.pakmet.com.pk/cdpc/Climate/Hyderabad_Climate_Data.txt
3. ^ "Pakistan floods leave many dead". BBC News. 2003-02-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2776205.stm. 
4. ^ "World Briefing – Asia: Pakistan: Floods Kill 88 And Maroon 100,000 \". The New York Times. 2003-07-30. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE0DC173EF933A05754C0A9659C8B63. 
5. ^ "Climatological Information for Hyderabad, Pakistan". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/westasia/hyderabad_e.htm. Retrieved 2011-05-04. 
6. ^ ^{a b} "Pakistan Backgrounder". South Asia Terrorism Portal. http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/backgrounders/index.html. Retrieved 2008-04-15. 
7. ^ Local Govt. Department of Sindh - Hyderabad City District
8. ^ "Mirza Kalich Beg: Renowned scholar of Sindh". http://www.dawn.com/weekly/books/archive/011111/books5.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-18. 
9. ^ ^{a b} "Read Daily Kawish online". Daily Kawish. http://www.dailykawish.com. Retrieved 2008-05-21. 
10. ^ "Read Daily Ibrat online". Daily Ibrat. http://www.dailyibrat.com. Retrieved 2008-05-21. 
11. ^ "Read Daily Sindh online". Daily Sindh. http://www.sindhhyd.com. Retrieved 2008-05-21. 
12. ^ "Radio Pakistan: Chronicle of Progress". Radio Pakistan. Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20080214141928/http://www.radio.gov.pk/chronicle.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-18. 
13. ^ "Actor Shafi Muhammad passes away". http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/18/top11.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-18. 
14. ^ "Pakistan's Top Film Star Muhammad Ali Dies". Pakistan Tribune. http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?137925. Retrieved 2008-03-18. 
15. ^ "PEMRA Ordinance 2002". Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20071010223914/http://www.pemra.gov.pk/pdf/ordinance1.pdf. Retrieved 2008-03-18. 

References

• Biographical Encyclopedia of Pakistan 1963-1966 edition.

External links

• Hyderabad, Sindh travel guide from Wikitravel
• Official City District Government Website
• Official City Chamber Of Commerce Website
• Hyderabad Food Places
• Telegraph article
• Your Own Hyderabad City Website
• Hyderabad City Website
• Hyderabad City on The Internet.
• Hyderabad Phone Numbers
• Hyderabad History
• Hyder Chowk image
• Hyderabad's map-less journey to development