- Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro
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Nawab Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, Shah Wardi Khan: ميان غلام شاه كلهوره المعرووف شاه وردي خان, was a ruler of the Kalhora Dynasty of Sindh whose rule began in 1762, when he was appointed ruler of Sindh by a royal decree, with the title of Shah Wardí Khan. He brought stability in Sindh after the rule of Main Noor Mohammad Kalhoro, he reorganized the province and independently defeated the Marathas and their prominent vassal the Rao of Kuch in the Thar Desert and returned victoriously.
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Early life
Was close relative of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro, he a had fought the forces of Nadir Shah when they invaded Sindh after the sons of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro were taken hostage to Persia, he remained the only relevant heir of the Kalhora Dynasty.
The founding of Nerunkot
The Pacco Qillo was established by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro and had become one of the largest military garrisons in the region.
Upon his return to Sindh he ordered the construction of the tomb of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai and nearby he established Nerunkot (modern day Hyderabad, Sindh). He had commenced a strong fort the Pucco Qillo with the view of turning that city into his future capital.
He also commanded Murad Fakir Nizamani as the administrator of the port city of Thatta. Among his most famous military commanders were Atur Khan, Sardar Jahan Khan.
Campaign against the Marathas
In the year 1762, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro and 8,000 Sindhi Sowars ventured into the inhospitable Thar Desert in order to defeat the forces of the Rao of Kuch a prominent vassal of the Marathas after had been threating the loyal subjects of the Kalhora Dynasty.
mainly due to his cannons and superior firepower, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro and 8,000 under his command successfully defeated the Rao of Kuch and returned victoriously. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro celebrated his return by constructing a mausoleum upon the grave of the famous poet and Sufi Grand Master, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai.
Attempts to gain Multan
In 1769 he sent Sardar Jahan Khan to gain Multan but later the Sindhi and Punjabi forces had to confront the threat posed by the Sikh forces led by Ranjit Singh that began to conquer Multan. However the campaign did not succeed beyond Dera Ghazi Khan.
See also
- Kalhora Dynasty
- Third battle of Panipat
- Mian Ghuam Shah Kalhoro (Shah Wardi Khan)
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