Demographics of Ottawa

Demographics of Ottawa
Map of Ottawa showing the francophone concentrations

In 2006 the population of the City of Ottawa was 812,129,[1] while the population of the census metropolitan area was 1,130,761.[2] The population of the pre-amalgamated city was 337,031 at the 2001 census, and had fallen to 328,105 at the 2006 Census. The census of May 2006 estimates 1,148,800 people living in the greater Ottawa (Ottawa-Gatineau) area. In 2001 females made up 51.23 percent of the population. Youths under 14 years of age number 19.30 percent of the total population, while those of retirement age (65 years and older) make up 10.81 percent resulting in an average age of 36.6 years of age.

Contents

Languages spoken

Because Ottawa is in the core of an urban area (National Capital Region) extending into French-speaking Quebec, the city is bilingual. Those who identified their mother tongue as English constitute 62.6 percent, French 14.9 percent and both English & French 0.85 percent. An additional 21.6 percent list languages other than English and French as their mother tongue. These include Chinese (3.1%), Arabic (3.0%), Italian (1.3%), Spanish (1.2%), and many others.[1] In terms of respondents' knowledge of one or both official languages, the numbers are English only at 59.9 percent, English and French at 37.2 percent, French only at 1.6 percent, and neither official language at 1.3 percent.

Visible minorities

Foreign born residents in Ottawa made up 22.3 percent of the population[1] in which many come from China, Lebanon, northeast Africa, Somalia, Iran, and The Balkans.[3] Members of visible minority groups (non-white/European) constituted 20.2 percent, while those of Aboriginal origin numbered 1.5 percent of the total population. The largest visible minority groups consisted are: Black Canadians: 4.9%, Chinese Canadian: 3.8%, South Asian: 3.3%, and Arab: 3.0%, as well as smaller mixed race, and other East Asian groups.[1]

Pie chart showing Ottawa's visible minority composition (data from Canada Census 2006).
Ethnic Origin Population Percent
Canadian 227,490 28.4%
English 194,845 24.3%
Irish 180,525 22.5%
French 172,165 21.5%
Scottish 158,340 19.8%
German 67,660 8.4%
Italian 39,230 4.9%
Chinese 34,435 4.3%
Polish 25,685 3.2%
Dutch 22,700 2.8%
North American Indian 21,600 2.7%
East Indian 20,525 2.6%
Lebanese 17,500 2.1%
African 16,000 2.0%


Religion

As expressed in 2001 census,[4] the most popular religion is Christianity as 79.34 percent of the population described themselves belonging to various Christian denominations, the most popular being Roman Catholicism: 54.16%, Protestantism: 21.85%, Christian Orthodox: 1.68%, while the remaining 1.64% consists of independent Christian churches like Jehovah's Witness, LDS etc. Non-Christian religions are also very well established in Ottawa, the largest being Islam: 3.97%, Judaism: 1.09%, and Buddhism: 0.95%. Those professing no religion number about 13.29 percent.

Religions in Ottawa-Gatineau
(only religions with more than 1% of the population listed)
Religion  %
Christianity 79.35%
  Catholicism 54.07%
    Roman Catholicism 53.93%
  Protestantism 21.86%
    United Church 7.40%
    Anglicanism 6.83%
    Presbyterianism 1.37%
    Baptist 1.13%
    Lutheranism 1.01%
  Christian Orthodox 1.78%
Islam 3.97%
Judaism 1.08%
No religion 13.30%

Data

In 2001, females made up 51.2% of the amalgamated Ottawa population, while the median age of the population was 36.7 years of age.[5] Youths under 15 years of age comprised 18.9% of the total population, while those of retirement age (65 years and older) comprised 11.4%.[5]

Between 1987 and 2002, 131,816 individuals relocated to the city, which represents 75% of the population growth for that period.[6] Foreign immigration plays a significant role in Ottawa's population growth.[7] As of 2006 foreign-born residents make up approximately 22% of the populace,[1] many of whom come from China, Lebanon, North Africa, Iran, and the Balkans.[8] Those of Aboriginal origin numbered 1.5% of the total population.[1] Members of visible minority groups (non-white/European) constituted 20.2%. The largest visible minority groups were people of Black (4.9%), Chinese (3.8%), South Asian (3.3%) and Arab (3.0%) ancestry.[1]

According to the 2001 census, the most practiced religion is Christianity as 74.7% of the population described themselves belonging to various Christian denominations.[5] The largest denomination is Catholicism at 43.3% of city residents.[5] Members of Protestant churches formed 27.6%, Christian Orthodox were 2.1%, and 1.8% belonged to other Christian groups, including Jehovah's Witnesses and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[5] Non-Christian religion practiced in Ottawa included Islam (5.2%), Judaism (1.5%), Buddhism (1.2%), Hinduism (1.1%), and Sikhism (0.3%).[5] Those professing other forms of eastern religion or no religion formed 0.2% and 15.7% of the population respectively.[5]

The Algonquian languages have been spoken for centuries by the Indigenous peoples and subsequently by the French coureurs des bois and voyageurs of the Ottawa valley during the 1600s and 1700s.[9] Starting in the mid 1800s, Irish settlers of the Ottawa valley develop a distinct dialect referred to as "Ottawa Valley Twang".[10] Traces of "Valley Twang" although rare, can still be heard in the valley's more isolated areas.[11]

Bilingualism in Ottawa became official policy in 2002, making all municipal services available in both of Canada's official languages (Canadian English and Canadian French).[12] Nearly 300,000 people, or 37% of Ottawa's population, can speak both languages,[1] As such it is the largest city in Canada with both English and French as co-official languages.[13] Those who identified their mother tongue as English constitute 62.6%, French 14.9%, and both 0.9%.[1] An additional 21.6% list languages other than English and French as their mother tongue.[1] These include Italian, Chinese, Somali, Spanish, German, Persian, Urdu, Lebanese along with other dialects of the Arabic language.[1] When questioned on their knowledge of Canada's official languages, 59.9% of the population reported speaking only English; 37.2% reported speaking both English and French; 1.6% spoke only French; and 1.3% spoke neither official language.[1]

Population history

Ottawa federal census history
Year Population
1871 &1000000000002154500000021,545[14]
1881 &1000000000002741200000027,412[14]
1891 &1000000000004415400000044,154[14]
1901 &1000000000005992800000059,928[14]
1911 &1000000000008706200000087,062[14]
1921 &10000000000107843000000107,843[14]
1931 &10000000000126872000000126,872[14]
1941 &10000000000154951000000154,951[14]
1951 &10000000000202045000000202,045[14]
1956 &10000000000222129000000222,129[15]
1961 &10000000000268206000000268,206[15]
1966 &10000000000290741000000290,741[16]
1971 &10000000000302341000000302,341[16]
1976 &10000000000304462000000304,462[17]
1981 &10000000000295163000000295,163[18]
1986 &10000000000300763000000300,763[19]
1991 &10000000000313987000000313,987[19]
1996 &10000000000323340000000323,340[20] [N 1]
2001 &10000000000774072000000774,072[4] [N 1]
2006 &10000000000812129000000812,129[1]

Notes:

  1. ^ a b In early 2001, the Province of Ontario dissolved the former City of Ottawa by amalgamating it with eleven other municipalities to form a new City of Ottawa. The 1996 adjusted population of the amalgamated city published in the 2001 census was 721,136,[4] while the population of the dissolved former City of Ottawa in 2001 was 337,031.[21]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Community Profiles from the 2006 Census – Ottawa, Ontario (City)". Statistics Canada. 2010-12-06. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=. Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
  2. ^ "Community Profiles from the 2006 Census – Ottawa-Gatineau, Ontario (Census metropolitan area)". Statistics Canada. 2010-12-07. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=505&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa_-_Gatineau&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=. Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
  3. ^ "Census: Ethnocultural portrait: Sub-provincial". 2.statcan.ca. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/etoimm/subprovs.cfm#ottawahull. Retrieved 2011-01-28. 
  4. ^ a b c "2001 Community Profiles – Ottawa, Ontario (City)". Statistics Canada. 2007-02-01. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All. Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "2001 Community Profiles – Ottawa, Ontario (City)". Statistics Canada. 2007-02-01. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=. Retrieved 2011-04-17. 
  6. ^ "2006 City of Ottawa Health Status Report". Ottawa Public Health. 2006. http://ottawa.ca/doc_repository/reports/hsr_2006_en.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-07. 
  7. ^ "Population". City of Ottawa. 2001-2011. http://www.ottawa.ca/city_hall/financial/lrfp3/economy_demographics/population_en.html. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 
  8. ^ "City of Ottawa - Population". City of Ottawa. http://www.ottawa.ca/city_hall/financial/lrfp3/economy_demographics/population_en.html. Retrieved 2011-07-02. 
  9. ^ Peter Bakker (1997). A language of our own: the genesis of Michif, the mixed Cree-French language of the Canadian Métis. Oxford University Press US. p. 41. ISBN 9780195097115. http://books.google.com/books?id=hlE7SyRIl3kC&pg=PA41. Retrieved 1 July 2011. 
  10. ^ Keshen 2001, pp. 227.
  11. ^ Jenny Cheshire (1991). English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge University Press. p. 134. ISBN 9780521395656. http://books.google.com/books?id=ifl9ajM20fMC&pg=PA134. Retrieved 1 July 2011. 
  12. ^ "Bilingualism Policy". City of Ottawa. 2011. http://ottawa.ca/city_hall/policies/bilingualism_policy/index_en.html. Retrieved 2011-07-22. 
  13. ^ Jenny Cheshire (1991). English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge University Press. p. 134. ISBN 9780521395656. http://books.google.com/books?id=ifl9ajM20fMC&pg=PA134. Retrieved 4 June 2011. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1871–1951". Ninth Census of Canada, 1951. Volume I: Population, General Charactertics. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1953. p. 6-39. 
  15. ^ a b "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1901–1961". 1961 Census of Canada. Series 1.1: Historical, 1901–1961. Volume I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1963. p. 6-41. 
  16. ^ a b "Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971". 1971 Census of Canada. Census Subdivisions (Historical). Volume I: Population, Geographic Distributions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1972. p. 2-70. 
  17. ^ "Table 3: Population for census divisions and subdivisions, 1971 and 1976". 1976 Census of Canada. Census Divisions and Subdivisions, Ontario. Volume I: Population. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1977. 
  18. ^ "Table 4: Population and Total Occupied Dwellings, for Census Divisions and Subdivisions, 1976 and 1981". 1981 Census of Canada. Provincial series, Ontario. Volume II: Population, Geographic distributions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1982. 
  19. ^ a b "E-STAT – Search Censuses". Statistics Canada. 2011-04-06. http://estat.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&EST-Fi=ESTAT/English/SC_RR-eng.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
  20. ^ "1996 Community Profiles – Ottawa (City), Ontario". Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/profil/Details/details1.cfm?SEARCH=BEGINS&ID=6747&PSGC=35&SGC=3506014&DataType=1&LANG=E&Province=All&PlaceName=ottawa&CMA=505&CSDNAME=Ottawa&A=&TypeNameE=City. Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
  21. ^ "2001 Community Profiles – Ottawa, Ontario (City / Dissolved)". Statistics Canada. 2007-02-01. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506014&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=. Retrieved 2011-04-17. 

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