A civil parish is a subnational entity, forming the lowest unit of local government in England . There are 219 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of Lancashire , most of the county being unparished; Blackpool is completely unparished; Pendle and Ribble Valley are entirely parished. At the 2001 census, there were 587,074 people living in the 219 parishes, accounting for 41.5 per cent of the county's population.
History
Parishes arose from Church of England divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.[ 1]
The Highways Act 1555 made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the Surveyor of Highways .[ 2]
The poor were looked after by the monasteries , until their dissolution . In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by the Poor Law Act 1601 , which made parishes responsible for administering the Poor Law ; overseers were appointed to charge a rate to support the poor of the parish.[ 3] The 19th century saw an increase in the responsibility of parishes, although the Poor Law powers were transferred to Poor Law Unions.[ 4] The Public Health Act 1872 grouped parishes into Rural Sanitary Districts, based on the Poor Law Unions; these subsequently formed the basis for Rural Districts .[ 5]
Parishes were run by vestries , meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,[ 6] although some townships in large parishes administered the Poor Law themselves; under the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882 , all extra-parochial areas and townships that levied a separate rate became independent civil parishes.[ 7]
Civil parishes in their modern sense date from the Local Government Act 1894 , which abolished vestries ; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into Rural Districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.[ 7] Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the Urban District , Municipal Borough or County Borough in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to Poor Law Unions; with the abolition of the Poor Law system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.[ 8]
The Local Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas, and many former Urban Districts and Municipal Boroughs that were being abolished, were replaced by new successor parishes; urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes became unparished areas .[ 9]
The current position
Recent governments have encouraged the formation of town and parish councils in unparished areas, and the Local Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand the creation of a new civil parish.[ 10]
A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;[ 9] and a civil parish can also gain city status , but only if that is granted by the Crown.[ 9] The chairman of a town or city council is called a mayor .[ 9] The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 introduced alternative names: a parish council can now choose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.[ 11]
Civil parishes with town status
List of civil parishes and unparished areas
Image
Name
Status
Population
District
Former local authority
Refs
Blackburn
Unparished area
97,058
Blackburn with Darwen
Blackburn
County Borough
[ 12]
[ 13]
Darwen
Town
27,495
Blackburn with Darwen
Darwen
Municipal Borough
[ 14]
[ 15]
[ 16]
Eccleshill
Civil parish
276
Blackburn with Darwen
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 18]
Hoddlesden
Unparished area
1,292
Blackburn with Darwen
Darwen
Municipal Borough
[ 14]
[ 19]
Livesey
Civil parish
6,337
Blackburn with Darwen
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 18]
North Turton
Civil parish
3,736
Blackburn with Darwen
Turton
Urban District
[ 20]
[ 18]
Pleasington
Civil parish
467
Blackburn with Darwen
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 18]
Tockholes
Civil parish
454
Blackburn with Darwen
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 18]
Yate and Pickup Bank
Civil parish
355
Blackburn with Darwen
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 18]
Blackpool
Unparished area
142,283
Blackpool
Blackpool
County Borough
[ 21]
[ 22]
Briercliffe
Civil parish
3,187
Burnley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 24]
Burnley
Unparished area
64,925
Burnley
Burnley
County Borough
[ 25]
[ 26]
Cliviger
Civil parish
2,350
Burnley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 24]
Dunnockshaw
Civil parish
212
Burnley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 24]
Habergham Eaves
Civil parish
1,581
Burnley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 24]
Hapton
Civil parish
3,769
Burnley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 24]
Ightenhill
Civil parish
1,512
Burnley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 24]
Padiham
Town
8,998
Burnley
Padiham
Urban District
[ 27]
[ 24]
Worsthorne with Hurstwood
Civil parish
2,986
Burnley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 24]
Adlington
Town
5,270
Chorley
Adlington
Urban District
[ 28]
[ 29]
Anderton
Civil parish
1,206
Chorley
Anglezarke
Civil parish
23
Chorley
Astley Village
Civil parish
3,329
Chorley
Chorley
Municipal Borough
[ 31]
[ 29]
Bretherton
Civil parish
655
Chorley
Brindle
Civil parish
999
Chorley
Charnock Richard
Civil parish
1,885
Chorley
Chorley
Unparished area
31,556
Chorley
Chorley
Municipal Borough
[ 31]
[ 32]
Clayton le Woods
Civil parish
14,528
Chorley
Coppull
Civil parish
7,637
Chorley
Croston
Civil parish
2,679
Chorley
Cuerden
Civil parish
77
Chorley
Eccleston
Civil parish
4,353
Chorley
Euxton
Civil parish
8,318
Chorley
Heapey
Civil parish
955
Chorley
Heath Charnock
Civil parish
2,065
Chorley
Heskin
Civil parish
883
Chorley
Hoghton
Civil parish
867
Chorley
Mawdesley
Civil parish
1,787
Chorley
Rivington
Civil parish
144
Chorley
Ulnes Walton
Civil parish
2,048
Chorley
Wheelton
Civil parish
1,001
Chorley
Whittle le Woods
Civil parish
4,553
Chorley
Withnell
Civil parish
3,631
Chorley
Withnell
Urban District
[ 33]
[ 29]
Bryning with Warton
Civil parish
3,572
Fylde
Elswick
Civil parish
1,057
Fylde
Freckleton
Civil parish
6,045
Fylde
Greenhalgh with Thistleton
Civil parish
462
Fylde
Kirkham
Town
7,127
Fylde
Kirkham
Urban District
[ 36]
[ 35]
Little Eccleston with Larbreck
Civil parish
374
Fylde
Lytham
Unparished area
15,584
Fylde
Lytham St Annes
Municipal Borough
[ 37]
[ 38]
Medlar with Wesham
Town
3,245
Fylde
Newton with Clifton
Civil parish
2,680
Fylde
Ribby with Wrea
Civil parish
1,489
Fylde
Singleton
Civil parish
877
Fylde
St Anne's on the Sea
Town
25,743
Fylde
Lytham St Annes
Municipal Borough
[ 37]
[ 39]
Staining
Civil parish
2,312
Fylde
Treales, Roseacre and Wharles
Civil parish
447
Fylde
Weeton with Preese
Civil parish
1,096
Fylde
Westby with Plumptons
Civil parish
1,107
Fylde
Accrington
Unparished area
34,128
Hyndburn
Accrington
Municipal Borough
[ 40]
[ 41]
Altham
Civil parish
897
Hyndburn
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 42]
Church
Unparished area
3,988
Hyndburn
Church
Urban District
[ 43]
[ 44]
Clayton le Moors
Unparished area
8,289
Hyndburn
Clayton le Moors
Urban District
[ 45]
[ 46]
Great Harwood
Unparished area
11,217
Hyndburn
Great Harwood
Urban District
[ 47]
[ 48]
Oswaldtwistle
Unparished area
15,627
Hyndburn
Oswaldtwistle
Urban District
[ 49]
[ 50]
Rishton
Unparished area
7,350
Hyndburn
Rishton
Urban District
[ 51]
[ 52]
Arkholme with Cawood
Civil parish
334
Lancaster
Bolton le Sands
Civil parish
4,098
Lancaster
Borwick
Civil parish
210
Lancaster
Burrow with Burrow
Civil parish
191
Lancaster
Cantsfield
Civil parish
76
Lancaster
Carnforth
Town
5,350
Lancaster
Carnforth
Urban District
[ 56]
[ 54]
Caton with Littledale
Civil parish
2,720
Lancaster
Claughton
Civil parish
132
Lancaster
Cockerham
Civil parish
558
Lancaster
Ellel
Civil parish
2,521
Lancaster
Gressingham
Civil parish
153
Lancaster
Halton with Aughton
Civil parish
2,360
Lancaster
Heaton with Oxcliffe
Civil parish
2,225
Lancaster
Heysham
Unparished area
11,016
Lancaster
Morecambe and Heysham
Municipal Borough
[ 57]
[ 58]
Hornby with Farleton
Civil parish
729
Lancaster
Ireby
Civil parish
78
Lancaster
Lancaster
Unparished area
50,867
Lancaster
Lancaster
Municipal Borough
[ 59]
[ 60]
Leck
Civil parish
189
Lancaster
Melling with Wrayton
Civil parish
290
Lancaster
Middleton
Civil parish
521
Lancaster
Morecambe
Town
35,916
Lancaster
Morecambe and Heysham
Municipal Borough
[ 57]
[ 61]
[ 62]
Nether Kellet
Civil parish
646
Lancaster
Over Kellet
Civil parish
778
Lancaster
Over Wyresdale
Civil parish
348
Lancaster
Overton
Civil parish
1,015
Lancaster
Priest Hutton
Civil parish
177
Lancaster
Quernmore
Civil parish
532
Lancaster
Roeburndale
Civil parish
76
Lancaster
Scotforth
Civil parish
239
Lancaster
Silverdale
Civil parish
1,545
Lancaster
Slyne with Hest
Civil parish
3,163
Lancaster
Tatham
Civil parish
393
Lancaster
Thurnham
Civil parish
595
Lancaster
Tunstall
Civil parish
105
Lancaster
Warton
Civil parish
2,315
Lancaster
Wennington
Civil parish
102
Lancaster
Whittington
Civil parish
359
Lancaster
Wray with Botton
Civil parish
521
Lancaster
Yealand Conyers
Civil parish
176
Lancaster
Yealand Redmayne
Civil parish
295
Lancaster
Barley with Wheatley Booth
Civil parish
271
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Barnoldswick
Town
10,859
Pendle
Barnoldswick
Urban District
[ 64]
[ 63]
Barrowford
Civil parish
6,039
Pendle
Barrowford
Urban District
[ 65]
[ 63]
Blacko
Civil parish
595
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Bracewell and Brogden
Civil parish
238
Pendle
Skipton
Rural District
[ 66]
[ 63]
Brierfield
Town
8,199
Pendle
Brierfield
Urban District
[ 67]
[ 63]
Colne
Town
18,117
Pendle
Colne
Municipal Borough
[ 68]
[ 69]
[ 70]
Earby
Civil parish
4,348
Pendle
Earby
Urban District
[ 71]
[ 63]
Foulridge
Civil parish
1,506
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Goldshaw Booth
Civil parish
265
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Higham with West Close Booth
Civil parish
808
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Kelbrook and Sough
Civil parish
1,026
Pendle
Earby
Urban District
[ 71]
[ 63]
Laneshaw Bridge
Civil parish
759
Pendle
Colne
Municipal Borough
[ 68]
[ 63]
Nelson
Town
29,108
Pendle
Nelson
Municipal Borough
[ 72]
[ 73]
[ 70]
Old Laund Booth
Civil parish
1,586
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Reedley Hallows
Civil parish
1,994
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Roughlee Booth
Civil parish
328
Pendle
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 63]
Salterforth
Civil parish
625
Pendle
Skipton
Rural District
[ 66]
[ 63]
Trawden Forest
Civil parish
2,580
Pendle
Trawden
Urban District
[ 74]
[ 63]
Barton
Civil parish
1,096
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Broughton
Civil parish
1,735
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Fulwood
Unparished area
33,171
Preston
Fulwood
Urban District
[ 77]
[ 78]
Goosnargh
Civil parish
1,204
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Grimsargh
Civil parish
2,164
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Haighton
Civil parish
197
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Lea
Civil parish
5,962
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Preston
Unparished area
79,864
Preston
Preston
County Borough
[ 79]
[ 80]
Whittingham
Civil parish
2,189
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Woodplumpton
Civil parish
2,051
Preston
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 76]
Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley
Civil parish
1,249
Ribble Valley
Balderstone
Civil parish
379
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Bashall Eaves
Civil parish
162
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Billington and Langho
Civil parish
4,555
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Bolton by Bowland
Civil parish
498
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Bowland Forest High
Civil parish
163
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Bowland Forest Low
Civil parish
168
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Bowland with Leagram
Civil parish
128
Ribble Valley
Chatburn
Civil parish
1,104
Ribble Valley
Chipping
Civil parish
1,046
Ribble Valley
Clayton le Dale
Civil parish
1,142
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Clitheroe
Town
14,697
Ribble Valley
Clitheroe
Municipal Borough
[ 84]
[ 82]
Dinckley
Civil parish
83
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Downham
Civil parish
156
Ribble Valley
Dutton
Civil parish
212
Ribble Valley
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 82]
Easington
Civil parish
52
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Gisburn
Civil parish
506
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Gisburn Forest
Civil parish
137
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Great Mitton
Civil parish
205
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Grindleton
Civil parish
723
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Horton
Civil parish
76
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Hothersall
Civil parish
136
Ribble Valley
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 82]
Little Mitton
Civil parish
42
Ribble Valley
Longridge
Town
7,546
Ribble Valley
Longridge
Urban District
[ 85]
[ 82]
Mearley
Civil parish
25
Ribble Valley
Mellor
Civil parish
2,126
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Middop
Civil parish
43
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Newsholme
Civil parish
50
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Newton
Civil parish
237
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Osbaldeston
Civil parish
165
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Paythorne
Civil parish
95
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Pendleton
Civil parish
203
Ribble Valley
Ramsgreave
Civil parish
770
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Read
Civil parish
1,383
Ribble Valley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 82]
Ribchester
Civil parish
1,535
Ribble Valley
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 82]
Rimington
Civil parish
382
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Sabden
Civil parish
1,371
Ribble Valley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 82]
Salesbury
Civil parish
391
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Sawley
Civil parish
305
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Simonstone
Civil parish
1,152
Ribble Valley
Burnley
Rural District
[ 23]
[ 82]
Slaidburn
Civil parish
288
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Thornley with Wheatley
Civil parish
327
Ribble Valley
Twiston
Civil parish
64
Ribble Valley
Waddington
Civil parish
878
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
West Bradford
Civil parish
730
Ribble Valley
Bowland
Rural District
[ 83]
[ 82]
Whalley
Civil parish
2,645
Ribble Valley
Wilpshire
Civil parish
2,569
Ribble Valley
Blackburn
Rural District
[ 17]
[ 82]
Wiswell
Civil parish
985
Ribble Valley
Worston
Civil parish
76
Ribble Valley
Bacup
Unparished area
14,191
Rossendale
Bacup
Municipal Borough
[ 86]
[ 87]
Edenfield
Unparished area
3,544
Rossendale
Ramsbottom
Urban District
[ 88]
[ 89]
Haslingden
Unparished area
16,849
Rossendale
Haslingden
Municipal Borough
[ 90]
[ 91]
Rawtenstall
Unparished area
23,805
Rossendale
Rawtenstall
Municipal Borough
[ 92]
[ 93]
Whitworth
Town
7,263
Rossendale
Whitworth
Urban District
[ 94]
[ 95]
Cuerdale
Civil parish
36
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Farington
Civil parish
6,088
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Hutton
Civil parish
2,073
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Leyland
Unparished area
30,165
South Ribble
Leyland
Urban District
[ 97]
[ 98]
Little Hoole
Civil parish
1,815
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Longton
Civil parish
7,732
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Much Hoole
Civil parish
1,851
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Penwortham
Town
23,436
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Samlesbury
Civil parish
1,011
South Ribble
Preston
Rural District
[ 75]
[ 96]
Walton le Dale
Unparished area
29,660
South Ribble
Walton le Dale
Urban District
[ 99]
[ 100]
Aughton
Civil parish
8,342
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Bickerstaffe
Civil parish
1,196
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Bispham
Civil parish
207
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Burscough
Civil parish
8,968
West Lancashire
Ormskirk
Urban District
[ 103]
[ 102]
Dalton
Civil parish
348
West Lancashire
Wigan
Rural District
[ 104]
[ 102]
Downholland
Civil parish
966
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Great Altcar
Civil parish
243
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Halsall
Civil parish
1,873
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Hesketh with Becconsall
Civil parish
3,873
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Hilldale
Civil parish
633
West Lancashire
Wigan
Rural District
[ 104]
[ 102]
Lathom
Civil parish
890
West Lancashire
Ormskirk
Urban District
[ 103]
[ 102]
Lathom South
Civil parish
762
West Lancashire
Ormskirk
Urban District
[ 103]
[ 105]
[ 106]
Newburgh
Civil parish
1,080
West Lancashire
Ormskirk
Urban District
[ 103]
[ 102]
North Meols
Civil parish
3,792
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Ormskirk
Unparished area
17,234
West Lancashire
Ormskirk
Urban District
[ 103]
[ 107]
Parbold
Civil parish
2,702
West Lancashire
Wigan
Rural District
[ 104]
[ 102]
Rufford
Civil parish
2,048
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Scarisbrick
Civil parish
3,204
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Simonswood
Civil parish
130
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
[ 108]
Skelmersdale
Unparished area
34,550
West Lancashire
Skelmersdale and Holland
Urban District
[ 109]
[ 110]
Tarleton
Civil parish
5,350
West Lancashire
West Lancashire
Rural District
[ 101]
[ 102]
Up Holland
Civil parish
7,180
West Lancashire
Skelmersdale and Holland
Urban District
[ 109]
[ 102]
Wrightington
Civil parish
2,807
West Lancashire
Wigan
Rural District
[ 104]
[ 102]
Barnacre with Bonds
Civil parish
1,751
Wyre
Bleasdale
Civil parish
147
Wyre
Cabus
Civil parish
1,572
Wyre
Catterall
Civil parish
1,981
Wyre
Claughton
Civil parish
562
Wyre
Fleetwood
Town
26,841
Wyre
Fleetwood
Municipal Borough
[ 113]
[ 114]
[ 115]
Forton
Civil parish
1,253
Wyre
Garstang
Town
4,074
Wyre
Great Eccleston
Civil parish
1,473
Wyre
Hambleton
Civil parish
2,678
Wyre
Inskip with Sowerby
Civil parish
878
Wyre
Kirkland
Civil parish
343
Wyre
Myerscough and Bilsborrow
Civil parish
1,521
Wyre
Nateby
Civil parish
475
Wyre
Nether Wyresdale
Civil parish
613
Wyre
Out Rawcliffe
Civil parish
567
Wyre
Pilling
Civil parish
1,739
Wyre
Poulton le Fylde
Unparished area
18,264
Wyre
Poulton le Fylde
Urban District
[ 117]
[ 118]
Preesall
Town
5,314
Wyre
Preesall
Urban District
[ 119]
[ 112]
Stalmine with Staynall
Civil parish
1,476
Wyre
Thornton–Cleveleys
Unparished Area
31,157
Wyre
Thornton–Cleveleys
Urban District
[ 120]
[ 121]
Upper Rawcliffe with Tarnacre
Civil parish
604
Wyre
Winmarleigh
Civil parish
335
Wyre
edit] See also
References
^ Angus Winchester, 2000, Discovering Parish Boundaries . Shire Publications. Princes Risborough, 96 pages ISBN 978-0-7478-0470-3
^ RAC Foundation : What Went Wrong? British Highway Development Before Motorways Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ The Victorian Web : The Poor Law : Introduction Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ Staffordshire University : Poor Law Unions and Registration Districts Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Status Details for Rural Sanitary District Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ Robert Tittler, The Reformation and the Towns in England , 1998, Oxford University Press, 395 pages, ISBN 978-0-19-820718-4
^ a b Modern British Surnames : Selected Events in the History of Civil Registration and Boundary Changes 1801-1996 Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ Alex MacMorran and T R Colquhoun Dill, The Local Government Act 1894 and the Subsequent Statutes Affecting Parish Councils , 1907, Butterworth and Co, London, 626 pages
^ a b c d Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government Act 1972 Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Rating Act 1997 Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 Retrieved 22 August 2009
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Blackburn County Borough Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Audley; Bastwell; Beardwood with Lammack; Corporation Park; Ewood; Fernhurst; Higher Croft; Little Harwood; Meadowhead; Mill Hill; Queen's Park; Roe Lee; Shadsworth and Whitebirk; Shear Brow; and Wensley Fold wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Darwen Municipal Borough Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Earcroft; Marsh House; Sudell; Sunnyhurst; and Whitehall wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Darwen Town Council : First Meeting of Darwen Town Council : 17 June 2009 : Appendix 1 : A Copy of the Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council (Reorganisation of Community Governance) Order 2009 Retrieved 3 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n A Vision of Britain Through Time : Blackburn Rural District Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ a b c d e f Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Blackburn with Darwen Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population East Rural (part) ward. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Turton Urban District Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Blackpool County Borough Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Anchorsholme; Bispham; Bloomfield; Brunswick; Claremont; Clifton; Greenlands; Hawes Side; Highfield; Ingthorpe; Layton; Marton; Norbreck; Park; Squires Gate; Stanley; Talbot; Tyldesley; Victoria; Warbreck; and Waterloo wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s A Vision of Britain Through Time : Burnley Rural District Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Burnley Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Burnley County Borough Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bank Hall; Briercliffe (part); Brunshaw; Coal Clough with Deerplay (part); Daneshouse with Stoneyholme; Gannow; Lanehead; Queensgate; Rosegrove with Lowerhouse (part); Rosehill with Burnley Wood; Trinity; and Whittlefield with Ightenhill (part) wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Padiham Urban District Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Adlington Urban District Retrieved 5 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Chorley Retrieved 5 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t A Vision of Britain Through Time : Chorley Rural District Retrieved 5 February 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Chorley Municipal Borough Retrieved 5 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Chorley East; Chorley North East; Chorley North West; Chorley South East; and Chorley South West wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Withnell Urban District Retrieved 7 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m A Vision of Britain Through Time : Fylde Rural District Retrieved 8 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Fylde Retrieved 8 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Kirkham Urban District Retrieved 8 February 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Lytham St Annes Municipal Borough Retrieved 8 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Ansdell; Clifton; Fairhaven (part); Park (part); and St John's wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Ashton; Central; Fairhaven (part); Heyhouses; Kilnhouse; Park (part) and St Leonards wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Accrington Municipal Borough Retrieved 9 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Barnfield; Baxenden; Central; Church (part); Huncoat; Immanuel (part); Milnshaw; Peel; and Spring Hill wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Hyndburn Retrieved 9 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Church Urban District Retrieved 9 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Altham (part); and Church (part) wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Clayton le Moors Urban District Retrieved 9 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Altham (part); and Clayton le Moors wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Great Harwood Urban District Retrieved 9 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Netherton; and Overton wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Oswaldtwistle Urban District Retrieved 9 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Immanuel (part); St Andrew's; and St Oswald's wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Rishton Urban District Retrieved 9 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Rishton ward. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u A Vision of Britain Through Time : Lunesdale Rural District Retrieved 11 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Lancaster Retrieved 11 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o A Vision of Britain Through Time : Lancaster Rural District Retrieved 11 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Carnforth Urban District Retrieved 11 February 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Morecambe and Heysham Municipal Borough Retrieved 10 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Heysham Central; Heysham South; and Overton (part) wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Lancaster Municipal Borough Retrieved 10 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bulk; Castle; Duke's; John O'Gaunt; Scotforth East; Scotforth West; Skerton East; Skerton West (part); and University (part) wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bare; Harbour; Heysham North; Poulton; Torrisholme (part); and Westgate (part) wards. Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Lancaster City Council : Find Out More About Morecambe Parish Council Retrieved 27 October 2009
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Pendle Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Barnoldswick Urban District Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Barrowford Urban District Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Skipton Rural District Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Brierfield Urban District Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Colne Municipal Borough Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Boulsworth (part);; Foulridge (part); Horsfield; Vivary Bridge; and Waterside wards. Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ a b The Pendle (Parishes) Order 2008 Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Earby Urban District Retrieved 23 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Nelson Municipal Borough Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bradley; Brierfield (part); Clover Hill; Marsden; Southfield; Walverden and Whitefield wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Trawden Urban District Retrieved 25 May 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s A Vision of Britain Through Time : Preston Rural District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d e f g h Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Preston Retrieved 26 July 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Fulwood Urban District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Brookfield (part); Cadley, College, Garrison; Greyfriars; and Sharoe Green wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Preston County Borough Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Ashton; Brookfield (part); Deepdale; Fishwick; Ingol; Larches; Moor Park; Ribbleton; Riversway; St George's; St Matthew's; Town Centre; Tulketh; and University wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m A Vision of Britain Through Time : Clitheroe Rural District Retrieved 31 July 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Ribble Valley Retrieved 31 July 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bowland Rural District Retrieved 12 October 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Clitheroe Municipal Borough Retrieved 12 October 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Longridge Urban District Retrieved 13 October 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bacup Municipal Borough Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Greensclough; Irwell; and Stacksteads wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Ramsbottom Urban District Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Eden ward. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Haslingden Municipal Borough Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Greenfield; Helmshore; and Worsley wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Rawtenstall Municipal Borough Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Cribden; Goodshaw; Hareholme; Longholme; and Whitewell wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Whitworth Urban District Retrieved 14 October 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Rossendale Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ a b c d e f g h Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : South Ribble Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Leyland Urban District Retrieved 4 February 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Earnshaw Bridge; Farington East (part); Golden Hill; Leyland Central; Leyland St Ambrose; Leyland St Mary's; Lowerhouse; Moss Side; and Seven Stars wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Walton le Dale Urban District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bamber Bridge East; Bamber Bridge North; Bamber Bridge West; Coupe Green and Gregson Lane; Lostock Hall; Samlesbury and Walton (part); Tardy Gate; and Walton le Dale wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l A Vision of Britain Through Time : West Lancashire Rural District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : West Lancashire Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d e A Vision of Britain Through Time : Ormskirk Urban District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d A Vision of Britain Through Time : Wigan Rural District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bickerstaffe (part); and Newburgh (part) wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ The West Lancashire (Parish Electoral Arrangements and Electoral Changes) Order 2007 Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Derby; Knowsley; and Scott wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ The Cheshire, Lancashire and Merseyside (County and Metropolitan Borough Boundaries) Order 1993 Retrieved 18 October 2010
^ a b A Vision of Britain Through Time : Skelmersdale and Holland Urban District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Ashurst; Birch Green; Digmoor; Moorside; Skelmersdale North; Skelmersdale South; and Tanhouse wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s A Vision of Britain Through Time : Garstang Rural District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Wyre Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Fleetwood Municipal Borough Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Mount; Park; Pharos; Rossall; and Warren wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ The Wyre Borough Council (Reorganisation of Community Governance) Order 2009 Retrieved 19 May 2010
^ The Wyre (Parishes) Order 2003 Retrieved 22 October 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Poulton le Fylde Urban District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Breck; Carleton; Hardhorn; High Cross; and Tithebarn wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Preesall Urban District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Thornton–Cleveleys Urban District Retrieved 24 May 2010
^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Bourne; Cleveleys Park; Jubilee; Norcross; Staina; and Victoria wards. Retrieved 24 May 2010
External links
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Look at other dictionaries:
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