Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor

A atrial natriuretic peptide receptor is a receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide.^[1]

Mechanism

NPRA and NPRB are linked to guanylyl cyclases, while NPRAC is G-protein-linked and is a "clearance receptor" that acts to internalise and destroy the ligand.

ANP activation of the ANP catalytic receptor will stimulate its intracellular guanylyl cyclase activity to convert GTP to cGMP. cGMP will then stimulate cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), which will then induce smooth muscle relaxation. This is particularly important in the vasculature, where vascular smooth muscle will bind ANP released as a result of increasing right atrial pressure and will cause the walls of the vasculature to relax. This relaxation will decrease total peripheral resistance, which will in turn decrease venous return to the heart. The decrease in venous return to the heart will reduce the preload and will result in the heart's having to do less work.

There is also a soluble guanylyl cyclase that cannot be stimulated by ANP. Instead, vascular endothelial cells will use L-arginine to make nitric oxide via nitric oxide synthase. The nitric oxide will then diffuse into the vascular smooth muscle and will activate the soluble guanylyl cyclase. The subsequent increase in cGMP will cause vasodilation with the same effects as described above. This is why nitroglycerine is given to a person having a heart attack. The nitroglycerine will be metabolized to nitric oxide, which will stimulate soluble guanylyl cyclase. This will result in a decrease in total peripheral resistance and a decrease in preload on the heart. As a result, work done by the heart will decrease and will allow the heart to contract less strongly. Weaker contractions will lead to more blood flow in the coronary arteries, which will help the ischemic cardiac myocytes.

Types

There are three distinct atrial natriuretic factor receptors identified so far in mammals: natriuretic peptide receptors 1, 2, and 3.

natriuretic peptide receptor A/ guanylate cyclase A (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor A) Identifiers Symbol NPR1 Alt. symbols ANPRA, NPRA Entrez 4881 HUGO 7943 OMIM 108960 RefSeq NM_000906 UniProt P16066 Other data Locus Chr. 1 q21-q22

natriuretic peptide receptor B/ guanylate cyclase B (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor B) Identifiers Symbol NPR2 Alt. symbols ANPRB, NPRB Entrez 4882 HUGO 7944 OMIM 108961 RefSeq NM_003995 UniProt P20594 Other data Locus Chr. 9 p21-p12

natriuretic peptide receptor C/ guanylate cyclase C (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor C) Identifiers Symbol NPR3 Alt. symbols NPRC, ANPRC Entrez 4883 HUGO 7945 OMIM 108962 RefSeq NM_000908 UniProt P17342 Other data Locus Chr. 5 p14-p1

References

1. ^ Hirose S, Hagiwara H, Takei Y (August 2001). "Comparative molecular biology of natriuretic peptide receptors". Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 79 (8): 665–72. doi:10.1139/cjpp-79-8-665. PMID 11558675. 

External links

• MeSH Atrial+Natriuretic+Factor+Receptors

This membrane protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Genes on chromosome 1 Genes on chromosome 9 Genes on chromosome 5 Membrane protein stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу Quentin Turnbull Al Gordon (comics) Look at other dictionaries: Atrial natriuretic factor receptor — The atrial natriuretic factor receptor is generic term for the natriuretic peptide receptor system which actually consists of at least three isoforms: * NPRA (Gene|NPR1) * NPRB (Gene|NPR2) * NPRC (Gene|NPR3)These receptors bind the Atrial, Brain… …   Wikipedia Atrial natriuretic peptide — protein Name = natriuretic peptide precursor A caption = width = HGNCid = 7939 Symbol = NPPA AltSymbols = ANP, PND EntrezGene = 4878 OMIM = 108780 RefSeq = NM 006172 UniProt = P01160 PDB = ECnumber = Chromosome = 1 Arm = p Band = 36.21… …   Wikipedia Natriuretic peptide precursor C — Natriuretic peptide C Identifiers Symbols NPPC; CNP External IDs OMIM:  …   Wikipedia Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide — Natriuretic peptide, 38 residues, found in the venom of the snake Dendroaspis angusticeps. Binds to atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A but not to the ANP receptors type B …   Dictionary of molecular biology Brain natriuretic peptide — Natriuretic peptide B Identifiers Symbols NPPB; BNP External IDs OMIM:  …   Wikipedia natriuretic peptides — Family of four peptides all sharing significant sequence homology and all act through guanylyl cyclase. C type natriuretic peptide (CNP 22) is a vasodilator and plays an important part in regulating blood pressure, renal function and volume… …   Dictionary of molecular biology Receptor — In cell biology, a structure on the surface of a cell (or inside a cell) that selectively receives and binds a specific substance. There are hoards of receptors. There are receptors for insulin, receptors for low density lipoproteins (LDL), etc.… …   Medical dictionary Receptor (biochemistry) — For other uses, see Receptor (disambiguation). In biochemistry, a receptor is a molecule found on the surface of a cell, which receives specific chemical signals from neighbouring cells or the wider environment within an organism. These signals… …   Wikipedia peptide — A compound of two or more amino acid s in which a carboxyl group of one is united with an amino group of another, with the elimination of a molecule of water, thus forming a p. bond, –CO–NH–; i.e., a substituted amide. Cf.:eupeptide bond …   Medical dictionary ANP receptor — Family of 3 receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide. ANP A and ANP B have intracellular guanylate cyclase and protein kinase like domains. ANP C, shares the extracellular ligand binding and transmembrane domains, but lacks the functional… …   Dictionary of molecular biology 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”