Classical albedo features on Mars

Mars, as seen through a small telescope, showing the patterns of colour known as albedo features.

The classical albedo features of Mars are the light and dark features that can be seen on the planet Mars through an Earth-based telescope. Before the age of space probes, several astronomers created maps of Mars on which they gave names to the features they could see. The most popular system of nomenclature was devised by Giovanni Schiaparelli, who used names from classical antiquity. Today, the improved understanding of Mars enabled by space probes has rendered many of the classical names obsolete for the purposes of cartography; however, some of the old names are still used to describe geographical features on the planet.

History

Richard A. Proctor's map of Mars, which names albedo features after astronomers

Early telescopic astronomers, observing Mars from a great distance through primitive instruments (though they were advanced for their day), were limited to studying albedo contrasts on the surface of the planet. These albedo contrasts rarely correspond to topographic features and in many cases obscure them. The origins of the albedo contrasts were a mystery. The lighter patches at the poles were correctly believed to be a frozen substance, either water or carbon dioxide, but the nature of the dark patches seen against the general reddish tint of Mars was uncertain for centuries. When Giovanni Schiaparelli began observing Mars in 1877, he believed that the darker features were seas, lakes, and swamps and named them in Latin accordingly (mare, lacus, palus, etc.). Within a few decades, however, most astronomers agreed that Mars lacks large bodies of surface water. The dark features were then thought by some to be indications of Martian vegetation, since they changed shape and intensity over the course of the Martian year. They are now known to be areas where the wind has swept away the surface dust, leaving a darker, rockier surface; their borders change in response to windstorms on the Martian surface that pick up the dust, widening or narrowing the features.

Nathaniel Green's Mars map, which uses many of Proctor's names

The first astronomer to give names to Martian albedo features was Richard A. Proctor, who created a map in 1867, based in part on the observations of William Rutter Dawes, in which several features were given the names of astronomers who had been involved in mapping Mars; in some cases, the same names were used for multiple features. He was followed by Giovanni Schiaparelli, whose observations differed from Proctor's, and who used this difference to justify drawing up an entirely new scheme of nomenclature in Latin, drawn from the myths and history of classical antiquity with a mixture of other sources. Proctor's names competed with the Schiaparellian names for several decades, and were used in notable early maps drawn by Camille Flammarion in 1876 and Nathaniel Green in 1877. The Proctorian names are now, however, regarded as totally obsolete. In 1958, the International Astronomical Union created a list of officially recognized Martian albedo features, including many, but not all of Schiaparelli's names.^[1]

Early map by Giovanni Schiaparelli

The advent of space probes has revolutionized the scientific understanding of Mars, and some of the classical albedo features have become obsolete as they do not correspond clearly with the detailed images provided by spacecraft. However, many of the names used for topographic features on Mars are still based on the classical nomenclature of the feature's location; for instance, the albedo feature 'Ascraeus Lacus' provides the basis of the name of the volcano Ascraeus Mons.

In addition, since most Earth-based amateur telescopes are not powerful enough to resolve the topographic surface features of Mars, amateur astronomers still use many of the old feature-names to orient and record their observations.

Common feature names

Several Latin words involved here are common nouns. These are generally, but not always, second in the name, but are usually ignored in alphabetizing below:

• Campi (ˈkæmpaɪ) - fields
• Cherso (ˈkɛrsoʊ) - peninsula
• Cornu (ˈkɒrnjuː) - horn, peninsula
• Depressio (dɨˈprɛʃioʊ) - lowland
• Fastigium (fæsˈtɪdʒiəm) - summit
• Fons (ˈfɒnz) – fountain
• Fretum (ˈfriːtəm) – strait
• Insula (ˈɪnsjʊlə) – island
• Lacus (ˈleɪkəs) - lake
• Lucus (ˈljuːkəs) - grove
• Mare (ˈmɑriː, ˈmɛəriː) – sea
• Nix (ˈnɪks) – snow
• Palus (ˈpeɪləs) - marsh
• Pons (ˈpɒnz) – bridge
• Promontorium (ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm) – cape
• Regio (ˈriːdʒioʊ) - region
• Silva (ˈsɪlvə) - wood
• Sinus (ˈsaɪnəs) – bay

List of albedo features

Not listed here are the "canals" also observed and named by Schiaparelli, for which see the article Martian canals.

A

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning	Modern name(s)
Abalos	ˈæbəlɒs	A no-longer existent island in the North Sea, east of Heligoland	Abalos Colles, Abalos Mensa, Abalos Scopuli, Abalos Undae
Achæorum Portus	ˌækiːˈɔərəm ˈpɔrtəs	"Harbor of the Achaeans"	Obsolete
Acherusia Palus	ˌækɨˈruːʒiə ˈpeɪləs	"Marsh of Acherusia", named after the legendary swamps in Greek mythology	Obsolete
Achillis Pons	əˈkɪlɨs ˈpɒnz	"Bridge of Achilles"	Obsolete
Mare Acidalium	ˈmɛəriː ˌæsɨˈdeɪliəm	"Sea of Acidalia", named for the fountain Acidalia where the Graces bathed	Acidalia Colles, Acidalia Mensa, Acidalia Planitia
Æolis	ˈiːəlɨs	a modification of Aeolia, the name of the floating western island of Aiolos, the ruler of the winds	Aeolis Mensae, Aeolis Planum
Aëria	eɪˈɪəriə	From a poetic name for Egypt	Aeria, IAU recognized albedo feature
Ætheria	ɨˈθɪəriə	– the land of the living, as referred to in Virgil's Aeneid	Aetheria, IAU recognized albedo feature
Æthiopis	ɨˈθaɪəpɨs	Land of the Ethiopians	Aethiopis, IAU recognized albedo feature
Aganippe Fons	ˌæɡəˈnɪpiː ˈfɒnz	"Aganippe's Fountain", legendary home of a Greek naiad	Aganippe Fossa
Alcyonia	ˌælsiːˈoʊniə	Land of kingfishers.	Obsolete
Amazonis	əˈmæzənɨs	"Land of the Amazon", legendary warrior women	Amazonis Mensa, Amazonis Planitia, Amazonis Sulci
Amenthes	əˈmɛnθiːz	Alternate name for Duat, the Egyptian land of the dead	Amenthes Cavi, Amenthes Fossae, Amenthes Planum, Amenthes Rupes
Ammonium	əˈmoʊniəm	Ancient name for the Siwa Oasis	Obsolete
Mare Amphitrites	ˈmɛəriː ˌæmfɨˈtraɪtiːz	"Sea of Amphitrite", a Greek sea-goddess	Amphitrites Patera
Lucus Angitiæ	ˈljuːkəs ænˈdʒɪʃɪiː	"Grove of Angitia", named after the snake goddess	Obsolete
Depressiones Aoniæ	dɨˌprɛʃiːˈoʊniːz eɪˈoʊniːi	"Lowlands of the Muses", who came from Helicon in Aonia[citation needed]	Obsolete
Aonius Sinus	eɪˈoʊniəs ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Muses"[citation needed]	Aonia Planum, Aonia Terra
Aponi Fons	ˈæpənaɪ ˈfɒnz	Roman name for the Bagni d'Abano, warm-water baths near Padua	Obsolete
Aquæ Apollinares	ˈeɪkwiː əˌpɒlɨˈnɛəriːz	"Apollo's Waters"; Roman name for the Bagni di Stigliano baths in Canale Monterano, Tuscany[citation needed]	Obsolete
Aquæ Calidæ	ˈeɪkwiː ˈkælɨdiː	"Hot spring"	Obsolete
Aquarii Depressio	əˈkwɛəri.aɪ dɨˈprɛʃi.oʊ	"Lowland of Aquarius"	Obsolete
Arabia	əˈreɪbiə	Arabian peninsula	Arabia Terra
Arachoti Fons	ˌærəˈkoʊtaɪ ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Arachotus", a river in Afghanistan[citation needed]	Obsolete
Aram	ˈɛərəm	Aram, Biblical land of the Aramaeans	Aram Chaos
Arcadia	ɑrˈkeɪdiə	From Arcadia, a region of the central Peloponnesus	Arcadia Dorsa, Arcadia Chaos
Arduenna	ˌɑrdjuːˈɛnə	Latin names for the Ardennes forests	Obsolete
Arethusa Fons	ˌærɨˈθjuːzə ˈfɒnz	"Arethusa's Fountain", after the Greek nymph	Obsolete
Ariadnes Depressio	ˌæriˈædniːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of Ariadne", a Greek heroine	Ariadnes Colles
Argyre I	ˈɑrdʒɨriː ˈpraɪmə	"First Silver Land", a mythical island in Greek mythology	Argyre Cavi, Argyre Planitia, Argyre Rupes
Argyre II	ˈɑrdʒɨriː sɨˈkʌndə	"Second Silver Land" (see above)	Obsolete
Argyroporos	ˌɑrdʒɨˈrɒpərɒs	"Silver Strait"	Obsolete
Aromatum Promontorium	əˈrɒmətəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Fragrant Spices"[citation needed]	Aromatum Chaos
Arsia Silva	ˈɑrʃiə ˈsɪlvə	Arsia Silva, forest northwest of Rome where the Tarquinii were defeated	Arsia Chasmata, Arsia Mons, Arsia Sulci
Arsinoës Depressio	ɑrˈsɪnoʊiːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	Lowland of Arsinoë, the name of various Greek and Egyptian figures	Arsinoes Chaos
Artynia Fons	ɑrˈtɪniə fɒnz	"Artynia's Fountain", referring to Lake Artynia in Asia Minor	Artynia Catena
Aryn Promontorium	ˈɛərɨn ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Aryn"	Obsolete
Fastigium Aryn	fæsˈtɪdʒiəm ˈɛərɨn	"Summit of Aryn"	Obsolete
Ascræus Lacus	æsˈkriːəs ˈleɪkəs	"Ascraeus Lake", a poetic paraphase of "heliconian" or "rural"[citation needed]	Ascraeus Chasmata, Ascraeus Mons, Ascraeus Sulci
Astræ Lacus	ˈæstriː ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Astra", Greek star-gods[citation needed]	Obsolete
Atalantes Depressio	ætˈlæntiːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	Lowland of Atalanta, Greek heroine	Obsolete
Nix Atlantica	ˈnɪks ætˈlæntɨkə	"Snows of Atlas",[citation needed] a Titan in Greek mythology	Obsolete
Atlantidum Sinus	ætˈlæntɨdəm ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Atlantises" (just south of Atlantis I and II, see below)	Obsolete
Atlantis I	ætˈlæntɨs ˈpraɪmə	"First Atlantis", mythical drowned land	Atlantis Chaos
Atlantis II	ætˈlæntɨs sɨˈkʌndə	"Second Atlantis" (see above)	Atlantis Chaos
Augila	ˈɔːdʒɨlə	Awjila, a city in Cyrenaica	Obsolete
Aurea Cherso	ˈɔriə ˈkɛrsoʊ	"Golden Peninsula", ancient name for the Malay Peninsula	Obsolete
Aureum Cornu	ˈɔriəm ˈkɔrnjuː	"Golden Horn", inlet dividing Constantinople	Aureum Chaos
Auroræ Sinus	ɒˈrɔəriː ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Dawn"	Aurorae Planum, Aurorae Chaos
Ausonia	ɒˈzoʊniə	From a poetic name for Italy	Ausonia Cavus, Ausonia Mensa, Ausonia Montes
Mare Australe	ˈmɛəriː ɒsˈtreɪliː	"Southern Sea"	Chasma Australe, Australe Lingula, Australe Mensa, Australe Montes, Planum Australe, Australe Scopuli, Australe Sulci

B-E

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Baltia	ˈbælʃiə	From a name for the regions near the Baltic Sea	Baltia, IAU recognized albedo feature
Bandusiæ Fons	bænˈdjuːʒɪiː ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Bandusia", title of a poem by Horace	Obsolete
Bathys Portus	ˈbeɪθɨs ˈpɔrtəs	"Deep Harbor", the port of Aulis in Boeotia[citation needed]	Bathys Planum, changed to Icaria Planum
Benacus Lacus	bɨˈneɪkəs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake Benacus" (Lago di Garda in northern Italy)	Obsolete
Biblis Fons	ˈbɪblɨs ˈfɒnz	"Biblis Fountain", a Carian well near Miletus[citation needed]	Biblis Patera, Biblis Tholus
Bosporium Promontorium	bɒsˈpɔəriəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Bosphorus"
Bosporus/Bosphorus Gemmatus	ˈbɒspərəs / ˈbɒsfərəs dʒɨˈmeɪtəs	"Bejewelled Bosphorus"	Bosporos Planum, Bosporus Regio, Bosporos Rupes
Brangæna	brænˈdʒiːnə		Obsolete
Castalia Fons	kæsˈteɪliə fɒnz
Cebrenia	sɨˈbriːniə
Cecropia	sɨˈkroʊpiə	"Land of Cecrops"
Ceraunius	sɨˈrɔːniəs
Chalce	ˈkælsiː
Charitum Promontorium	ˈkærɨtəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Graces"
Chironis Fretum	kaɪˈroʊnɨs ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Chiron"
Mare Chronium	ˈmɛəriː ˈkroʊniəm
Chryse	ˈkraɪsiː	Chryse was an island rich in gold in the Far East of Erythraeum
Chrysokeras	krɨˈsɒkɨrəs	The Golden Horn
Cimmeria Insula	sɨˈmɪəriə ˈɪnsjʊlə	"Cimmerian Island"
Mare Cimmerium	ˈmɛəriː sɨˈmɪəriəm	"Cimmerian Sea", named after an ancient Thracian seafaring people
Circaeum Promontorium	sərˈsiːəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Circe"
Clepsydra Fons	klɛpˈsaɪdrə ˈfɒnz	"Water-clock fountain", a well in the Athenian acropolis.
Coracis Portus	ˈkɒrəsɨs ˈpɔrtəs	"Haven of Corax"
Cyane Fons	ˈsaɪəniː ˈfɒnz	"Cyane fountain", a spring in Sicily from which the Cyane river sprang, named for a nymph.
Cydonia	saɪˈdoʊniə	poetic name for Crete
Cynia Lacus
Danaïdum Depressio	dəˈneɪədəm dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of the daughters of Danaüs"
Daphne	ˈdæfniː	From Daphne ("bay laurel"), a nymph pursued by Apollo.
Deucalionis Regio	ˌdjʊkeɪliːˈoʊnɨs ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Deucalion"
Dia	ˈdaɪə	An island north of Crete
Diacria	daɪˈeɪkriə	A region of Euboea
Dioscuria	ˌdaɪəsˈkjʊəriə	"Land of the Dioscuri"
Eden	ˈiːdən	From Eden, the biblical paradise
Edom	ˈiːdəm	From Edom, an ancient kingdom in modern Jordan
Edom Promontorium	ˈidəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Edom"
Electris	ɨˈlɛktrɨs	The principal island of the "Electrides", islands said to produce amber.
Elysium	ɨˈlɪʒiəm	From Elysium, the Greek land of dead heroes
Eridania	ˌɛrɨˈdeɪniə	Land of the River Eridanus
Mare Erythræum	ˈmɛəriː ˌɛrɨˈθriːəm	"Red Sea"

F-L

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Famæ Depressio	ˈfeɪmiː dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of Fame"
Ferentinæ Lucus	ˌfɛrɨnˈtaɪniː ˈljuːkəs	"Grove of Ferentina"
Lucus Feronia		"Grove of Wild Beasts"
Flevo Lacus	ˈfliːvoʊ ˈleɪkəs
Gallinaria Silva	ˌɡælɨˈnɛəriə ˈsɪlvə
Mare Hadriaticum	ˈmɛəriː ˌheɪdriːˈætɨkəm	"Adriatic Sea" Aka Hadriaticum Mare
Hammonis Cornu	həˈmoʊnɨs ˈkɔrnjuː	"Horn of Ammon"
Hellas	ˈhɛləs	"Greece"
Heræum Promontorium	hɨˈriːəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Hera"
Hercynia Silva	hɜrˈsɪniə ˈsɪlvə	Hercynian Forest
Herculis Columnæ	ˈhɜrkjʊlɨs kɒˈlʌmni	"Pillars of Hercules"
Herculis Pons	ˈhɜrkjʊlɨs ˈpɒnz	"Bridge of Hercules"
Hesperia	hɛsˈpɪəriə	"Land of Dawn"
Hesperidum Lacus	hɛsˈpɛrɨdəm ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Hesperides
Hibe	ˈhaɪbiː
Hippocrene Fons	ˌhɪpəˈkriːniː ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Hippocrene", near Mount Helicon
Hipponitis Palus
Horarum Promontorium	hɒˈrɛərəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Hours"
Hypelaus	ˌhɪpɨˈliːəs	A fountain in Ephesus.
Iapygia	ˌaɪəˈpɪdʒiə	Salento in Italy Aka Japygia
Icaria	aɪˈkɛəriə
Mare Icarium	ˈmɛəriː aɪˈkɛəriəm
Ierne	aɪ.ˈɜrniː	A name for Ireland
Isidis Regio	ˈɪsɨdɨs ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Isis"
Ismenius Lacus	ɨzˈmiːniəs ˈleɪkəs	aka Lacus Ismenius
Jani Fretum	ˈdʒeɪnaɪ ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Janus"
Juventæ Fons	dʒʊˈvɛntiː ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of Youth" aka Fons Juventæ
Labeatis Lacus	leɪbiːˈeɪtɨs ˈleɪkəs	Lake of the Labeates, a people of Illyria
Lausonius Lacus
Lemuria	lɨˈmjʊəriə	From Lemuria, a fictional sunken land in the Pacific or Indian Ocean
Lerne	ˈlɜrniː
Libya	ˈlɪbiə	"Libya"
Lucrinus Lacus		The Lucrine Lake in Roman Italy
Lunæ Lacus	ˈljuːniː ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Moon" aka Lacus Lunæ

M-N

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Mæisia Silva
Mapharitis
Mareotis	ˌmæriːˈoʊtɨs	"Land about Mareota", in Lower Egypt.
Margaritifer Sinus	ˌmarɡəˈrɪtɨfər ˈsaɪnəs	"Pearlbearing Bay"
Lucus Maricæ	ˈljuːkəs məˈraɪsiː	"Grove of Maríca", a nymph of Latium.
Memnonia	mɛmˈnoʊniə	"Land of Memnon"
Meroë Insula	ˈmɛroʊ.iː ˈɪnsjʊlə	"Island of Meroe"
Messeis Fons
Lacus Mœris	ˈleɪkəs ˈmɪərɨs	Lake Moeris, a lake in the Egyptian Fayum
Mons Argenteus	ˈmɒnz ɑrˈdʒɛntiəs	"Silver mountain"
Neith Regio	ˈniːθ ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Neith"
Nepheles Depressio	ˈnɛfɨliːz dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of cloud"
Nereïdum Promontorium	nɨˈriː.ɨdəm ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of the Nereids
Nerigos	ˈnɛrɨɡɒs	Name of a fictional country, supposedly in or near Scandinavia
Nessonis Lacus
Niliacus Lacus	nɨˈlaɪəkəs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Nile"
Nitriæ	ˈnaɪtrɪ.iː
Nix Atlantica	ˈnɪks ætˈlæntɨkə	"Atlantic Snow"
Nix Olympica	ˈnɪks ɒˈlɪmpɨkə	"Olympian Snow"
Noachis	ˈnoʊ.əkɨs	"Land of Noah"
Nodus Gordii	ˈnoʊdəs ˈɡɔrdiaɪ	"Gordian Knot"
Noti Sinus	ˈnoʊtaɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Notus"
Novissima Thyle	nɵˈvɪsɨmə ˈθaɪli	"Newest Thule"
Nuba Lacus	ˈnjuːbə ˈleɪkəs

O-S

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Mare Oceanidum	ˈmɛəriː ˌoʊʃiːˈænɨdəm	"Sea of the Oceanids"
Octantis Depressio	ɒkˈtæntɨs dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Lowland of Octans"
Œnotria	ɨˈnoʊtriə
Ogygis Regio	ˈɒdʒɨdʒɨs ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Ogyges"
Ophir	ˈoʊfər	From Ophir, a biblical land of gold
Ortygia	ɔrˈtɪdʒiə
Oxia Palus	ˈɒkʃiə ˈpeɪləs
Palicorum Lacus	ˌpælɨˈkɔərəm ˈleɪkəs
Palinuri Fretum	ˌpælɨˈnjʊəraɪ ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Palinurus"
Palinuri Sinus	ˌpælɨˈnjʊraɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Palinurus"
Pallas Lacus	ˌpæləs ˈleɪkəs
Panchaia	pænˈkeɪə	From the name of an island supposed to be in South Arabia
Phaëthontis	ˌfeɪ.ɨˈθɒntɨs	"Land of Phaethon"
Phlegra	ˈfliːɡrə	From a district in Macedonia.
Campi Phlegræi	ˈkæmpaɪ flɨˈɡriːaɪ	"Fields of Phlegra"
Phœnicis Lacus	fɨˈnaɪsɨs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Phoenix" aka Lacus Phœnicis
Phrixi Regio	ˈfrɪksaɪ ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Phrixus"
Piscis Depressio	ˈpaɪsɨs dɨˈprɛʃioʊ	"Depression of the Fish"
Depressio Pontica	dɨˈprɛʃi.oʊ ˈpɒntɨkə	"Lowland of Pontus"
Promethei Sinus	prɵˈmiːθi.aɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Prometheus"
Propontis	prɵˈpɒntɨs	From an old name for the Sea of Marmara
Protei Regio	ˈproʊti.aɪ ˈriːdʒi.oʊ	"Region of Proteus"
Pyrrhæ Regio	ˈpɪri ˈriːdʒioʊ	"Region of Pyrrha"
Sinus Sabæus	ˈsaɪnəs səˈbiːəs	"Bay of Sheba" Aka Sabaeus Sinus
Scandia	ˈskændiə	From a name for Skåne or Scandinavia
Scheria Insula	ˈskɪəriə ˈɪnsjʊlə	"Scheria Island"
Semiramidis Lacus	ˌsɛmɨˈræmɨdɨs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of Semiramis"
Serapium
Simoëntis Sinus	ˌsɪmoʊˈɛntɨs ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Simois"
Sirbonis Lacus
Mare Sirenum	ˈmɛəriː saɪˈriːnəm	"Sea of Sirens"
Socratis Promontorium	ˈsɒkrətɨs ˌprɒmənˈtɔəriəm	"Cape of Socrates"
Solis Fons	ˈsoʊlɨs ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of the Sun"
Solis Lacus	ˈsoʊlɨs ˈleɪkəs	"Lake of the Sun"
Syrtis Major	ˈsɜrtɨs ˈmeɪdʒər	a Libyan gulf, now Gulf of Sidra
Syrtis Minor	ˈsɜrtɨs ˈmaɪnər	aka Syrtis Parva

T-Z

Name	Pronunciation	Meaning
Tempe	ˈtɛmpiː
Tharsis	ˈθɑrsɨs	"Tarshish" (Tartessos)
Thaumasia	θɔːˈmeɪʒə	"Land of Wonders"
Thyle I	ˈθaɪliː ˈpraɪmə	"First Thule"
Thyle II	ˈθaɪliː sɨˈkʌndə	"Second Thule"
Thyles Collis	ˈθaɪliːz ˈkɒlɨs	"Hill of Thule"
Thyles Mons	ˈθaɪliːz ˈmɒnz	"Mountain of Thule"
Thymiamata	ˌθɪmiˈæmətə	"Incenses"
Tiphys Fretum	ˈtaɪfɨs ˈfriːtəm
Titanum Sinus	taɪˈteɪnəm ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of the Titans"
Tithonius Lacus	tɨˈθoʊniəs ˈleɪkəs
Trinythios
Trivii Fons	ˈtrɪvi.aɪ ˈfɒnz	"Fountain of the Crossroads" (east of Trivium Charontis)
Trivium Charontis	ˈtrɪviəm kəˈrɒntɨs	"Crossroads of Charon"
Mare Tyrrhenum	ˈmɛəriː tɨˈriːnəm	"Tyrrhenian Sea"
Uchronia	jʊˈkroʊniə	"Nowhen"
Ulyxis Fretum	jʊˈlɪksɨs ˈfriːtəm	"Strait of Ulysses"
Utopia	jʊˈtoʊpiə	"Nowhere, Utopia"
Vulcani Pelagus	vʌlˈkeɪnaɪ ˈpɛləɡəs	"Sea of Vulcan"
Xanthi Sinus	ˈzænθaɪ ˈsaɪnəs	"Bay of Xanthus"
Xisuthri Regio	zɨˈsuːθraɪ ˈriːdʒi.oʊ	"Region of Xisuthrus"
Yaonis Regio	ˈjeɪ.ənɨs ˈriːdʒi.oʊ	"Region of Emperor Yao"
Zephyria	zɨˈfɪriə	"Land of the West Wind (Zephyr)"

See also

• Dark dune spots
• List of Martian canals
• Mars
• Martian canals

Notes

1. ^ United States Geological Survey Astrogeology Program, "Mars Nomenclature: Albedo Feature", Gazeteer of Planetary Nomenclature.

References

• The Origins of Martian Nomenclature, T. L. MacDonald, 1971.
• The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery, William Sheehan.
• USGS Astrologeology Program, Martian Nomenclature