Tyrrhenian Sea

Tyrrhenian Sea.

The Tyrrhenian Sea (Corsican: Mari Tirrenu, French: Mer Tyrrhénienne, Italian: Mare Tirreno, Neapolitan: Mar Tirreno, Sardinian: Mare Tirrenu, Sicilian: Mari Tirrenu, Latin: Mare Tyrrhenum) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy.

Geography

The sea is bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (to the west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, Basilicata and Calabria (to the east) and Sicily (to the south).

The maximum depth of the sea is 3,785 metres (12,418 ft).

The Tyrrhenian Sea is situated near where the African and European Plates meet; therefore mountain chains and active volcanoes such as Mount Marsili are found in its depths. The eight Aeolian Islands are located in the southern part of the sea, north of Sicily.

Extent

The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Tyrrhenian Sea as follows:^[1]

• In the Strait of Messina: A line joining the North extreme of Cape Paci (15°42'E) with the East extreme of the Island of Sicily, Cape Peloro (38°16'N).
• On the Southwest: A line running from Cape Lilibeo (West extreme of Sicily) to the South extreme of Cape Teulada (8°38'E) in Sardinia.
• In the Strait of Bonifacio: A line joining the West extreme of Cape Testa (41°14'N) in Sardinia with the Southwest extreme of Cape Feno (41°23'N) in Corsica.
• On the North: A line joining Cape Corse (Cape Grosso, 9°23'E) in Corsica, with Tinetto Island (44°01′N 9°51′E / 44.017°N 9.85°E / 44.017; 9.85) and thence through Tino and Palmaria islands to San Pietro Point (44°03′N 9°50′E / 44.05°N 9.833°E / 44.05; 9.833) on the coast of Italy.

Exits

There are four exits from the Tyrrhenian Sea (north to south):

Exit	Location	Width	Connected Sea
Corsica Channel	between Tuscany and Corsica	about 80 kilometres (50 mi)	Ligurian Sea
Strait of Bonifacio	between Corsica and Sardinia	11 kilometres (6.8 mi)	Mediterranean Sea (proper)
no name	between Sardinia and Sicily	about 290 kilometres (180 mi)	Mediterranean Sea (proper)
Strait of Messina	between Sicily and Calabria on the toe of Italy	3 kilometres (1.9 mi)	Ionian Sea

Basins

The Tyrrhenian Sea is divided into two basins (or plains), the Vavilov plain and the Marsili plain. They are separated by the undersea ridge known as the Issel Bridge, after Arturo Issel.^{[2][dead link]}

Name

Its name derives from the Greek name for the Etruscans, who were said to be emigrants from Lydia and led by the prince Tyrrhenus.^[3] The Etruscans settled along the coast of modern Tuscany and referred to the water as the "Sea of the Etruscans".

Ports

The main ports of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Italy are: Rome, Naples, Palermo, Livorno, Civitavecchia, Salerno, Trapani and Cagliari. In France the most important port is Bastia.

Winds

In Greek mythology, it is believed that the cliffs above the Tyrrhenian Sea housed the four winds kept by Aeolus. The winds are the Mistral from the Rhône valley, the Libeccio from the south-west, and the Sirocco and Ostro from the south.

Gallery

• 

  Fonteblanda

• 

  Pizzo

• 

  Zambrone

• 

  Ponza

• 

  Capo Vaticano

• 

  Scilla

• 

  Tindari

• 

  Cefalù

• 

  Palermo

• 

  Castellammare del Golfo

• 

  Capo Miseno

• 

  Terracina

References

1. ^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition". International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf. Retrieved 6 February 2010. 
2. ^ Sartori, Renzo (2003). "The Tyrrhenian back-arc basin and subduction of the Ionian lithosphere". Episodes 26 (3): 217–221. http://www.episodes.org/backissues/263/10Sartori.pdf. 
3. ^ "The Origins of the Etruscans". San José State University. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/etruscans.htm. Retrieved December 2010. 

Coordinates: 40°N 12°E / 40°N 12°E / 40; 12