1867

Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1867

January - June

* January 1 - The John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky, becoming the longest suspension bridge in the world.
* January 8 - African-American men are granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia.
* January 11 - Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again.
* January 30 - Emperor Kōmei dies. Crown Prince Mutsuhito is expected to become the next emperor of Japan.
* January 31 - Maronite nationalist leader Karam leaves Lebanon aboard a French ship for Algeria.
* February 3 - Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu abdicates, and the late Emperor Kōmei's son, Prince Mutsuhito becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan, ending the Late Tokugawa shogunate.
* February 7 - West Virginia University is established in Morgantown, West Virginia.
* February 17 - The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.
* March - The University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign is established (opened 1 year later).
* March 1 - Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.
* March 16 - An article by Joseph Lister, outlining the discovery of antiseptic surgery, is first published in "The Lancet".
* March 29 - The British North America Act receives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada in an event known as the Confederation. This unites the Province of Canada (Quebec and Ontario), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia as of July 1. Ottawa becomes the capital, and John A. Macdonald becomes the Dominion's first prime minister.
* March 30 - Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million from Alexander II of Russia, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. The news media call this "Seward's Folly."
* April 1 - The Strait Settlement of Singapore, formerly ruled from Calcutta, becomes a Crown Colony under the jurisdiction of the Colonial Office in London.
* May 29 - The Austro-Hungarian agreement, called Ausgleich in German or kiegyezés in Hungarian ("the Compromise"), is born through Act 12, which establishes the Austro-Hungarian Empire; on June 8 Emperor Francis Joseph is crowned King of Hungary.
* June 15 - The Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode mine is named in Montana.
* June 19 - A firing squad executes Emperor Maximilian of Mexico.

July - December

* July 1 - The Dominion of Canada is created by the British North America Act.
* July 2 - The first elevated railroad in the United States begins service in New York.
* July 9 - Queen's Park F.C., the oldest league team in Scotland, is founded.
* July 17 - In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States.
* September 2 - Emperor Meiji of Japan marries Empress Shōken (née Masako Ichijō). The Empress consort is thereafter known as "Lady Haruko".
* September 4 - The Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is founded at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield.
* September 30 - The United States takes control of Midway Island.
* October 21 - "Manifest Destiny" - Medicine Lodge Treaty: Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas, a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma.
* October 27 – Giuseppe Garibaldi's troops march into Rome.
* November 15 - Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as The Grange).
* November 23 - The so-called Manchester Martyrs are hanged in Manchester, England for the murder of a policeman whilst attempting to rescue two Irish men from jail.
* December 2 - In a New York City theater, British author Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States.

Undated

* The first volume of "Das Kapital" is published by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
* The Edo period gives way to the Meiji period in Japanese history.
* Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle.
* Otto von Bismarck organises a North German Confederation under the leadership of Prussia.
* Yellow fever kills 3,093 in New Orleans.
* The War of the Triple Alliance is fought in Paraguay.
* The Second Reform Bill by Disraeli enfranchises many working men and adds 938,000 to an electorate of 1,057,000 in England and Wales.
* South African diamond fields are discovered.
* The Fenian rising occurs in Ireland.
* The Prohibition National Committee is formed in the United States.
* The Wasps R.F.C. is formed in Middlesex, England (see London Wasps and Wasps FC).
* Gorse is naturalised in New Zealand (it soon becomes the worst invasive weed).
* At historic Fountain Point, Michigan, an artesian water spring gushes continuously till the present day.

Births

January - June

* January 8 - Emily Greene Balch, American writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1961)
* January 17 - Carl Laemmle, German-born film executive (d. 1939)
* January 18 - Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan poet (d. 1916)
* January 20 - Yvette Guilbert, French singer and actress (d. 1944)
* January 21
**Ludwig Thoma, German writer (d. 1921)
**Maxime Weygand, French general (d. 1965)
* January 29 - Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (d. 1923)
* February 3 - Charles Henry Turner, African American entomologist (d. 1923)
* February 7 - Laura Elizabeth Wilder, née Ingalls, American (d. 1957)children's author (d. 1957)
* February 14 - Sakichi Toyoda, Japanese inventor and industrialist (d. 1930)
* February 21 - Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born millionaire and philanthropist (d. 1934)
* February 27 - Wilhelm Peterson-Berger, Swedish composer (d. 1942)
* March 25 - Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor (d. 1957)
* March 29 - Cy Young, baseball player (d. 1955)
* April 2 - Eugen Sandow, German-born body builder and circus performer (d. 1925)
* April 7 - Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist (d. 1953)
* April 9 - Chris Watson, third Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941)
* April 10 - George William Russell, Irish nationalist, poet and artist (d. 1935)
* April 11 - Mark Keppel, Superintendent of Los Angeles County Schools (d. 1928)
* April 13 - Sammy Woods, English cricketer (d. 1931)
* April 16
**René Boylesve, French author (d. 1926)
**Wilbur Wright, American aviation pioneer, co-inventor of the airplane with brother Orville (d. 1912)
* April 23 - Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1928)
* May 3 - J.T. Hearne, English cricketer (d. 1944)
* May 7 - Władysław Reymont, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1925)
* May 14 - Kurt Eisner, German politician and publicist (d. 1919)
* May 26 - Mary of Teck (d. 1953)
* June 4 - Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, President of Finland (d. 1951)
* June 8 - Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (d. 1959)
* June 28 - Luigi Pirandello, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)

July - December

* July 8 - Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (d. 1945)
* July 10 - Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)
* July 25 - Alexander Rummler, American painter (d. 1959)
* July 27 - Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (d. 1916)
* July 28 - Charles Dillon Perrine, American-born astronomer (d. 1951)
* August 3 - Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1947)
* August 9 - Charles Ballantyne, Canadian politician (d. 1950)
* August 12 - Edith Hamilton, German-born educator and author (d. 1963)
* August 14 - John Galsworthy, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1933)
* August 22 - Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (d. 1939)
* September 28 - Kiichiro Hiranuma, 35th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952)
* October 25 - Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d. 1937)
* October 31 - David Graham Phillips, American journalist and novelist (d. 1911)
* November 7 - Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and physics (d. 1934)
* November 8 - Sadakichi Hartmann, German/Japanese critic & poet (d. 1944)
* December 5 - Józef Piłsudski, Polish statesman andfield marshal (d. 1935)
* December 23 - Madam C.J. Walker, first African-American millionaire (d. 1919)
* December 24 - Kantaro Suzuki, 42nd Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1948)
*"date unknown"
**Thomas Coward, ornithologist (d. 1933)
**Sam Mussabini, athletics coach (d. 1927)
*"probable" - Scott Joplin, American musician and composer (d. 1917) [cite web
url=http://www.scottjoplin.org/biography.htm
title=A Biography of Scott Joplin
publisher=The Scott Joplin International Ragtime Foundation]

Deaths

January - June

* January 14 - Jean Auguste Ingres, French painter (b. 1780)
* January 30 - Emperor Kōmei of Japan (b. 1831)
* April 12 - Davi Canabarro, Gaúcho rebel revolutionary (b. 1796)
* April 27 - Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover, after whom Big Ben may be named (b. 1802)
* May 12 - Friedrich William Eduard Gerhard, German archaeologist (b. 1795)
* May 23 - William Crawshay II, industrialist (b. 1788)
* June 19 - Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (executed) (b. 1832)

July - December

* July 31 - Benoît Fourneyron, French engineer and inventor of the turbine (b. 1802)
* August 25 - Michael Faraday, English chemist and physicist (b. 1791)
* August 31 - Charles Baudelaire, French writer (b. 1821)
* September 10 - Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (b. 1788)
* October 9 - Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński, composer (b. 1807)
* October 25 - Abuna Salama III, metropolitan of the Ethiopian Church
* December 1 - Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, Russian Orthodox leader (b. 1782)
* December 26 - József Kossics, Catholic priest, writer, and ethnologist (b. 1788)

References