Steroid sulfatase

Steroid sulfatase (microsomal), isozyme S
PDB rendering based on 1p49.
Available structures PDB 1p49
Identifiers
Symbols	STS; ARSC; ARSC1; ASC; ES; SSDD; XLI
External IDs	OMIM: 300747 HomoloGene: 47918 GeneCards: STS Gene
EC number	3.1.6.2
Gene Ontology Molecular function • steryl-sulfatase activity • sulfuric ester hydrolase activity • hydrolase activity • metal ion binding Cellular component • integral to membrane of membrane fraction • membrane fraction • nuclear envelope • lysosome • endosome • endoplasmic reticulum • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • microsome • Golgi apparatus • plasma membrane • integral to membrane Biological process • steroid catabolic process • female pregnancy • learning or memory • positive regulation of cell proliferation • epidermis development • response to pH • response to organic cyclic compound • response to peptide hormone stimulus • skin development • response to estrogen stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	412	n/a
Ensembl	ENSG00000101846	n/a
UniProt	P08842	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000351	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000342	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr X: 7.14 – 7.27 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[1]	n/a

Steroid sulfatase (or steryl-sulfatase), formerly known as arylsulfatase C, is a sulfatase enzyme involved in the metabolism of steroids. It is encoded by the STS gene.^[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of sulfated steroid precursors to estrogens during pregnancy. The encoded protein is found in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it acts as a homodimer.^[1]

Clinical significance

A deficiency is associated with X-linked ichthyosis, a scaly-skin disease affecting roughly 1 in every 2,000-6,000 males.^[2][3]

See also

• dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
• estrone sulfate

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: STS steroid sulfatase (microsomal), arylsulfatase C, isozyme S". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=412. 
2. ^ Alperin ES, Shapiro LJ (August 1997). "Characterization of point mutations in patients with X-linked ichthyosis. Effects on the structure and function of the steroid sulfatase protein". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (33): 20756–63. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.33.20756. PMID 9252398. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9252398. 
3. ^ Ghosh D (December 2004). "Mutations in X-linked ichthyosis disrupt the active site structure of estrone/DHEA sulfatase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1739 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.09.003. PMID 15607112. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925-4439(04)00158-9. 

Further reading

• Elias PM, Crumrine D, Rassner U, et al. (2004). "Basis for abnormal desquamation and permeability barrier dysfunction in RXLI.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (2): 314–9. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.22258.x. PMID 15009711. 
• Basler E, Grompe M, Parenti G, et al. (1992). "Identification of point mutations in the steroid sulfatase gene of three patients with X-linked ichthyosis.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50 (3): 483–91. PMC 1684279. PMID 1539590. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1684279. 
• Shankaran R, Ameen M, Daniel WL, et al. (1991). "Characterization of arylsulfatase C isozymes from human liver and placenta.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1078 (2): 251–7. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(91)90566-I. PMID 2065092. 
• Stein C, Hille A, Seidel J, et al. (1989). "Cloning and expression of human steroid-sulfatase. Membrane topology, glycosylation, and subcellular distribution in BHK-21 cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (23): 13865–72. PMID 2668275. 
• Kawano J, Kotani T, Ohtaki S, et al. (1989). "Characterization of rat and human steroid sulfatases.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 997 (3): 199–205. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(89)90187-8. PMID 2765556. 
• Yen PH, Allen E, Marsh B, et al. (1987). "Cloning and expression of steroid sulfatase cDNA and the frequent occurrence of deletions in STS deficiency: implications for X-Y interchange.". Cell 49 (4): 443–54. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90447-8. PMID 3032454. 
• Conary JT, Lorkowski G, Schmidt B, et al. (1987). "Genetic heterogeneity of steroid sulfatase deficiency revealed with cDNA for human steroid sulfatase.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 144 (2): 1010–7. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(87)80064-5. PMID 3034252. 
• Ballabio A, Parenti G, Carrozzo R, et al. (1988). "X/Y translocation in a family with X-linked ichthyosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, and mental retardation: DNA analysis reveals deletion of the steroid sulphatase gene and translocation of its Y pseudogene.". Clin. Genet. 34 (1): 31–7. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1988.tb02612.x. PMID 3165728. 
• Yen PH, Marsh B, Allen E, et al. (1989). "The human X-linked steroid sulfatase gene and a Y-encoded pseudogene: evidence for an inversion of the Y chromosome during primate evolution.". Cell 55 (6): 1123–35. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90257-7. PMID 3203382. 
• Chang PL, Varey PA, Rosa NE, et al. (1986). "Association of steroid sulfatase with one of the arylsulfatase C isozymes in human fibroblasts.". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (31): 14443–7. PMID 3464600. 
• Munroe DG, Chang PL (1987). "Tissue-specific expression of human arylsulfatase-C isozymes and steroid sulfatase.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 40 (2): 102–14. PMC 1684069. PMID 3471087. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1684069. 
• Müller CR, Wahlström J, Ropers HH (1982). "Further evidence for the assignment of the steroid sulfatase X-linked ichthyosis locus to the telomer of Xp.". Hum. Genet. 58 (4): 446. PMID 6948769. 
• Migeon BR, Shapiro LJ, Norum RA, et al. (1982). "Differential expression of steroid sulphatase locus on active and inactive human X chromosome.". Nature 299 (5886): 838–40. doi:10.1038/299838a0. PMID 6957717. 
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery.". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548. 
• Alperin ES, Shapiro LJ (1997). "Characterization of point mutations in patients with X-linked ichthyosis. Effects on the structure and function of the steroid sulfatase protein.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (33): 20756–63. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.33.20756. PMID 9252398. 
• Sugawara T, Shimizu H, Hoshi N, et al. (2000). "PCR diagnosis of X-linked ichthyosis: identification of a novel mutation (E560P) of the steroid sulfatase gene.". Hum. Mutat. 15 (3): 296. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(200003)15:3<296::AID-HUMU17>3.0.CO;2-#. PMID 10679952. 
• Oyama N, Satoh M, Iwatsuki K, Kaneko F (2000). "Novel point mutations in the steroid sulfatase gene in patients with X-linked ichthyosis: transfection analysis using the mutated genes.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 114 (6): 1195–9. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00004.x. PMID 10844566. 
• Jimenez Vaca AL, Valdes-Flores Mdel R, Rivera-Vega MR, et al. (2002). "Deletion pattern of the STS gene in X-linked ichthyosis in a Mexican population.". Mol. Med. 7 (12): 845–9. PMC 1950010. PMID 11844872. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1950010. 
• Hoffmann R, Rot A, Niiyama S, Billich A (2002). "Steroid sulfatase in the human hair follicle concentrates in the dermal papilla.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (6): 1342–8. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01547.x. PMID 11886493. 
• Matsuoka R, Yanaihara A, Saito H, et al. (2002). "Regulation of estrogen activity in human endometrium: effect of IL-1beta on steroid sulfatase activity in human endometrial stromal cells.". Steroids 67 (7): 655–9. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(02)00016-8. PMID 11996939. 

External links

• MeSH Steryl-Sulfatase

3.1.21-31: Endonuclease

Endodeoxyribonuclease	Deoxyribonuclease I · Deoxyribonuclease II · Deoxyribonuclease IV · Restriction enzyme · UvrABC endonuclease
Endoribonuclease	RNase III · RNase H (1, 2A, 2B, 2C) · RNase P · RNase A (1, 2, 3, 4/5) · RNase T1 · RNA-induced silencing complex
either deoxy- or ribo-	Aspergillus nuclease S1 · Micrococcal nuclease

B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6