- List of parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention
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The member states of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons encompasses the states who have signed and ratified or acceded to the Chemical Weapons Convention, an international agreement outlawing the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons.
On January 13, 1993, the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) was opened for signature.[1] Fiji became the first state to ratify the treaty on January 20, 1993.[1] The treaty entered into force on April 29, 1997,[1] after it had been ratified by 65 states.[2] The treaty was closed for signature on the preceding day, and states that did not sign the convention can now only accede to it.[3]
A total of 195 states may become members of the Chemical Weapons Convention, including all 193 United Nations member states, the Cook Islands, Holy See and Niue. As of April 2009, 188 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty (most recently the Bahamas on April 23, 2009[1][4]) and another two states have signed but not yet ratified the treaty.[1] States that have ratified or acceded to the treaty since 29 April 1997 will have the convention come into force for their state 31 days after their deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession. Unofficially, the Republic of China (Taiwan) also abides with the treaty[citation needed][clarification needed]. State Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention are automatically also members of the OPCW. States Parties, which are currently member of the Executive Council are indicated in blue.
Contents
Ratified or acceded states
State Signed Deposited Instrument Method Entered into Force Afghanistan January 14, 1993 September 24, 2003 Ratification October 24, 2003 Albania January 14, 1993 May 11, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Algeria January 13, 1993 August 14, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Andorra February 27, 2003 Accession March 29, 2003 Antigua and Barbuda August 29, 2005 Accession September 28, 2005 Argentina January 13, 1993 October 2, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Armenia March 19, 1993 January 27, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Australia January 13, 1993 May 6, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Austria January 13, 1993 August 17, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Azerbaijan January 13, 1993 February 29, 2000 Ratification March 30, 2000 Bahamas March 2, 1994 April 23, 2009 Ratification May 22, 2009 Bahrain February 24, 1993 April 28, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Bangladesh January 14, 1993 April 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Barbados March 7, 2007 Accession April 6, 2007 Belarus January 14, 1993 July 11, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Belgium January 13, 1993 January 27, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Belize December 1, 2003 Accession December 31, 2003 Benin January 14, 1993 May 14, 1998 Ratification June 13, 1998 Bhutan April 24, 1997 August 18, 2005 Ratification September 17, 2005 Bolivia January 14, 1993 August 14, 1998 Ratification September 13, 1998 Bosnia and Herzegovina January 16, 1997 February 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Botswana August 31, 1998 Accession September 30, 1998 Brazil January 13, 1993 March 13, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Brunei January 13, 1993 July 28, 1997 Ratification August 27, 1997 Bulgaria January 13, 1993 August 10, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Burkina Faso January 14, 1993 July 8, 1997 Ratification August 7, 1997 Burundi January 15, 1993 September 4, 1998 Ratification October 4, 1998 Cambodia January 15, 1993 July 19, 2005 Ratification August 18, 2005 Cameroon January 14, 1993 September 16, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Canada January 13, 1993 September 26, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Cape Verde January 15, 1993 October 10, 2003 Ratification November 9, 2003 Central African Republic January 14, 1993 September 20, 2006 Ratification October 20, 2006 Chad October 11, 1994 February 13, 2004 Ratification March 14, 2004 Chile January 14, 1993 July 12, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 China (only Mainland and Hong Kong)[5] January 13, 1993 April 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Colombia January 13, 1993 April 5, 2000 Ratification May 5, 2000 Comoros January 13, 1993 August 18, 1993 Ratification September 17, 2006 Congo January 15, 1993 December 4, 2007 Ratification January 3, 2008 Cook Islands January 14, 1993 July 15, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Costa Rica January 14, 1993 May 31, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Côte d'Ivoire January 13, 1993 December 18, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Croatia January 13, 1993 May 23, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Cuba January 13, 1993 April 29, 1997 Ratification May 29, 1997 Cyprus January 13, 1993 August 28, 1998 Ratification September 27, 1998 Czech Republic January 14, 1993 March 6, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Democratic Republic of the Congo January 14, 1993 October 12, 2005 Ratification November 11, 2005 Kingdom of Denmark January 14, 1993 July 13, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Dominican Republic January 13, 1993 March 27, 2009 Ratification April 26, 2009 Djibouti September 28, 1993 January 25, 2006 Ratification February 24, 2006 Dominica August 2, 1993 February 12, 2001 Ratification March 14, 2001 Ecuador January 14, 1993 September 6, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 El Salvador January 14, 1993 October 30, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Equatorial Guinea January 14, 1993 April 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Eritrea February 14, 2000 Accession March 15, 2000 Estonia January 14, 1993 May 26, 1999 Ratification June 25, 1999 Ethiopia January 14, 1993 May 13, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Federated States of Micronesia January 13, 1993 June 21, 1999 Ratification July 21, 1999 Fiji January 14, 1993 January 20, 1993 Ratification April 29, 1997 Finland January 14, 1993 February 7, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 France January 13, 1993 March 2, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Gabon January 13, 1993 September 8, 2000 Ratification October 8, 2000 Gambia January 13, 1993 May 19, 1998 Ratification June 18, 1998 Georgia January 14, 1993 November 27, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Germany January 13, 1993 August 12, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Ghana January 14, 1993 July 9, 1997 Ratification August 8, 1997 Greece January 13, 1993 December 22, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Grenada April 9, 1997 June 3, 2005 Ratification July 3, 2005 Guatemala January 14, 1993 February 12, 2003 Ratification March 14, 2003 Guinea January 14, 1993 June 9, 1997 Ratification July 9, 1997 Guinea-Bissau January 14, 1993 May 20, 2008 Ratification June 19, 2008 Guyana October 6, 1993 September 12, 1997 Ratification October 12, 1997 Haiti January 14, 1993 February 22, 2006 Ratification March 24, 2006 Holy See January 14, 1993 May 12, 1999 Ratification June 11, 1999 Honduras January 13, 1993 August 29, 2005 Ratification September 28, 2005 Hungary January 13, 1993 October 31, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Iceland January 13, 1993 April 28, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 India January 14, 1993 September 3, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Indonesia January 13, 1993 November 12, 1998 Ratification December 12, 1998 Iran January 13, 1993 November 3, 1997 Ratification December 3, 1997 Iraq January 13, 2009 Accession February 12, 2009 Ireland January 14, 1993 June 24, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Italy January 13, 1993 December 8, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Jamaica April 18, 1997 September 8, 2000 Ratification October 8, 2000 Japan January 13, 1993 September 15, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Jordan October 29, 1997 Accession November 28, 1997 Kazakhstan January 14, 1993 March 23, 2000 Ratification April 22, 2000 Kenya January 15, 1993 April 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Kiribati September 7, 2000 Accession October 7, 2000 Kuwait January 27, 1993 May 29, 1997 Ratification June 28, 1997 Kyrgyzstan February 22, 1993 September 29, 2003 Ratification October 29, 2003 Laos May 13, 1993 February 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Latvia May 6, 1993 July 23, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Lebanon November 20, 2008 Accession December 20, 2008 Lesotho December 7, 1994 December 7, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Liberia January 15, 1993 February 23, 2006 Ratification March 25, 2006 Libya January 6, 2004 Accession February 5, 2004 Liechtenstein July 21, 1993 November 24, 1999 Ratification December 24, 1999 Lithuania January 13, 1993 April 15, 1998 Ratification May 15, 1998 Luxembourg January 13, 1993 April 15, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Macedonia June 20, 1997 Accession July 20, 1997 Madagascar January 15, 1993 October 20, 2004 Ratification November 19, 2004 Malawi January 14, 1993 June 11, 1998 Ratification July 11, 1998 Malaysia January 13, 1993 April 20, 2000 Ratification May 20, 2000 Maldives October 1, 1993 May 31, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Mali January 13, 1993 April 28, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Malta January 13, 1993 April 28, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Marshall Islands January 13, 1993 May 19, 2004 Ratification June 18, 2004 Mauritania January 13, 1993 February 9, 1998 Ratification March 11, 1998 Mauritius January 14, 1993 February 9, 1993 Ratification April 29, 1997 Mexico January 13, 1993 August 29, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Moldova January 13, 1993 July 8, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Monaco January 13, 1993 June 1, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Mongolia January 14, 1993 January 17, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Montenegro October 23, 2006 Accession June 3, 2006 Morocco January 13, 1993 December 28, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Mozambique August 15, 2000 Accession September 14, 2000 Namibia January 13, 1993 November 27, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Nauru January 13, 1993 November 12, 2001 Ratification December 12, 2001 Nepal January 19, 1993 November 18, 1997 Ratification December 18, 1997 Netherlands January 14, 1993 June 30, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 New Zealand January 14, 1993 July 15, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Nicaragua March 9, 1993 November 5, 1999 Ratification December 5, 1999 Niger January 14, 1993 April 9, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Nigeria January 13, 1993 May 20, 1999 Ratification June 19, 1999 Niue April 21, 2005 Accession May 21, 2005 Norway January 13, 1993 April 7, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Oman February 2, 1993 February 8, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Pakistan January 13, 1993 October 28, 1997 Ratification November 27, 1997 Palau February 3, 2003 Accession March 5, 2003 Panama June 16, 1993 October 7, 1998 Ratification November 6, 1998 Papua New Guinea January 14, 1993 April 17, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Paraguay January 14, 1993 December 1, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Peru January 14, 1993 July 20, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Philippines January 13, 1993 December 11, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Poland January 13, 1993 August 23, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Portugal January 13, 1993 September 10, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Qatar February 1, 1993 September 3, 1997 Ratification October 3, 1997 Romania January 13, 1993 February 15, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Russia January 13, 1993 November 5, 1997 Ratification December 5, 1997 Rwanda May 17, 1993 March 31, 2004 Ratification April 30, 2004 Saint Kitts and Nevis March 16, 1994 May 21, 2004 Ratification June 20, 2004 Saint Lucia March 29, 1993 April 9, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines September 20, 1993 September 18, 2002 Ratification October 18, 2002 Samoa January 14, 1993 September 27, 2002 Ratification October 27, 2002 San Marino January 13, 1993 December 10, 1999 Ratification January 9, 2000 São Tomé and Príncipe September 9, 2003 Accession October 9, 2003 Saudi Arabia January 20, 1993 August 9, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Senegal January 13, 1993 July 20, 1998 Ratification August 19, 1998 Serbia April 20, 2000 Accession May 20, 2000 Seychelles January 15, 1993 April 7, 1993 Ratification April 29, 1997 Sierra Leone January 15, 1993 September 30, 2004 Ratification October 30, 2004 Singapore January 14, 1993 May 21, 1997 Ratification June 20, 1997 Slovakia January 14, 1993 October 27, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Slovenia January 14, 1993 June 11, 1997 Ratification July 11, 1997 Solomon Islands September 23, 2004 Accession October 23, 2004 South Africa January 14, 1993 September 13, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 South Korea January 14, 1993 April 28, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Spain January 13, 1993 August 3, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Sri Lanka January 14, 1993 August 19, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Sudan May 24, 1999 Accession June 23, 1999 Suriname April 28, 1997 April 28, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Swaziland September 23, 1993 November 20, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Sweden January 13, 1993 June 17, 1993 Ratification April 29, 1997 Switzerland January 14, 1993 March 10, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Tajikistan January 14, 1993 January 11, 1995 Ratification April 29, 1997 Tanzania February 25, 1994 June 25, 1998 Ratification July 25, 1998 Thailand January 14, 1993 December 10, 2002 Ratification January 9, 2003 Timor-Leste May 7, 2003 Accession June 6, 2003 Togo January 13, 1993 April 23, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Tonga May 29, 2003 Accession June 28, 2003 Trinidad and Tobago June 24, 1997 Accession July 24, 1997 Tunisia January 13, 1993 April 15, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Turkey January 14, 1993 May 12, 1997 Ratification June 11, 1997 Turkmenistan October 12, 1993 September 29, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Tuvalu January 19, 2004 Accession February 18, 2004 Uganda January 14, 1993 November 30, 2001 Ratification December 30, 2001 Ukraine January 13, 1993 October 16, 1998 Ratification November 15, 1998 United Arab Emirates February 2, 1993 November 28, 2000 Ratification December 28, 2000 United Kingdom January 13, 1993 May 13, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 United States January 13, 1993 April 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 Uruguay January 15, 1993 October 6, 1994 Ratification April 29, 1997 Uzbekistan November 24, 1995 July 23, 1996 Ratification April 29, 1997 Vanuatu September 16, 2005 Accession October 16, 2005 Venezuela January 14, 1993 December 3, 1997 Ratification January 2, 1998 Vietnam January 13, 1993 September 30, 1998 Ratification October 30, 1998 Yemen February 8, 1993 October 2, 2000 Ratification November 1, 2000 Zambia January 13, 1993 February 9, 2001 Ratification March 11, 2001 Zimbabwe January 13, 1993 April 25, 1997 Ratification April 29, 1997 States that have signed but not ratified
State Signed Burma January 14, 1993 Israel January 13, 1993 Non-signatory states
State Angola Egypt North Korea Somalia Syria Status unknown
South Sudan After the independence of South Sudan from Sudan it is unclear if it will and can declare to be a member by means of succession or whether it should be regarded a non-signatory state.
References
- ^ a b c d e United Nations Treaty Collection. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. Accessed 14 January 2009.
- ^ Chemical Weapons Convention, Article 21.
- ^ "Non-Signatory / Non-Acceding States". http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/non-member-states/. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ "OPCW Member States". Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. 2008-05-20. http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ Ministry of foreign affairs of the people's republic of China (27 May 2010), accessed 25 July 2010, The Chemical Weapons convention
External links
Categories:- Arms control treaties
- Chemical warfare
- Chemical weapons demilitarization
- Lists of parties to treaties
- Member states by organization
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