Cultural policies of the European Union

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European Union culture policies aim to address and promote the cultural dimension of European integration through relevant legislation and government funding. These policies support the development of cultural activity, education or research conducted by private companies, NGO's and individual initiatives based in the EU working in the fields of cinema and audiovisual, publishing, music and crafts.

The EU Commission runs Culture Programme (2007-2013), and the EU funds other cultural bodies such as the European Cultural Month, the Media Programme, the European Union Youth Orchestra and the European Capital of Culture programme.

The EU awards grants to cultural projects (233 in 2004) and has launched a web portal dedicated to Europe and Culture, responding to the European Council's expressed desire to see the Commission and the member states "promote the networking of cultural information to enable all citizens to access European cultural content by advanced technological means."^[1]

History and development

The Council of Europe, which is distinct from the European Union (EU), first formalised cultural cooperation policy in Europe with its European Cultural Convention.^[2]

However, specific EU policy on cultural cooperation began between member states since its inclusion in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty.^[3]

Structure and strategies adopted

A cultural contact point (CCP) is set up in each EU member state, and is responsible for aiding communication between the European Commission's Cultural Programme and member state.^[4]

Policy analysis, Methodology and Statistics

Institutions and bodies

The most important EU institutions through which decisions area made regarding cultural policies are:

• the European Commission acting in the areas of culture, sport and languages,
• the Committee on Culture and Education of the European Parliament,
• the Education, Youth and Culture sector of the Council of the European Union,
• and the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the European Commission.

List of institutions and bodies

The EU promotes cultural development through numerous institutions such as:

• European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth
• Directorate-General for Education and Culture
• European Commission
• Committee on Culture and Education
• Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
• European Union Youth Orchestra
• European Institute of Cultural Routes
• Euranet
• Europa Nostra
• European Network of Information Centres
• European Audiovisual Observatory
• European Film Promotion
• Europa Cinemas
• Union of the Theatres of Europe
• European Union National Institutes for Culture
• European League of Institutes of the Arts

See also: Institutions of the European Union

List of programmes

The EU promotes cultural development through numerous programmes such as:

• MEDIA Programme
• European Capital of Culture
• European Cultural Route
• Culture 2000
• European Cultural Month
• Erasmus Programme
• Erasmus Mundus
• European Heritage Days
• Europa coin programme
• Modul-dance
• Video Active
• Protected areas of the European Union
• Europeana
• EUscreen
• European Library

List of awards

The EU promotes cultural development through the policy of awards:

• European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture
• Civis media prize
• Lux Prize
• European Border Breakers Award
• European Union Prize for Literature^[5]
• Europe Book Prize
• Aristeion Prize
• European IST Grand Prize
• European Inventor of the Year
• Young European of the Year

List of non-EU cultural institutions, bodies and programmes

The following is a list of European institutions, bodies and programmes which may be thought to be related to the EU/EU policy, but are not:

• Arte
• Council of Europe
• Compendium of cultural policies and trends in Europe
• European Film Academy
• Eurocities
• European Cultural Foundation
• Europalia
• University Network of the European Capitals of Culture
• European Dancehouse Network
• EUROFRAME
• European Broadcasting Union
• European Museum Forum

Policies by sector

Arts and Culture

The European Commission runs the EU's Culture Programme, which typically runs in 7 year intervals. The last Culture Programme was called Culture 2000. The current Culture Programme (2007-2013) will spend €400 million.^[6]

Sports

Main article: Sport policies of the European Union

Sport is largely the domain of the member states, with the EU mostly playing an indirect role. Recently the EU launched an anti-doping convention. The role of the EU might increase in the future, if (for example) the Treaty of Lisbon were to be ratified by all member states.^[7] Other policies of the EU have had an impact on sports, such as the freedom of employment which was at the core of the Bosman ruling, which prohibited national football leagues from imposing quotas on foreign players with EU nationality.^[8]

Languages

Main article: Languages of the European Union

The languages of the European Union are languages used by people within the member states of the European Union. They include the 23 official languages of the European Union plus many others. EU policy is to encourage all its citizens to be multilingual; specifically, it encourages them to be able to speak two languages in addition to their mother tongue. The reason for this is not only to promote easier communication between Europeans, but also to encourage greater tolerance and respect for diversity. A number of EU funding programmes actively promote language learning and linguistic diversity. The content of educational systems remains the responsibility of individual Member States. Further information can be found at Language Policy.

Impact of cultural policies

European identity

See also: Pan-European identity

Urban regeneration

Economic development

See also: Economy of the European Union

Expansion of the European Union

See also: Enlargement of the European Union

Criticisms

See also: Euroscepticism

See also

• Cultural policy
• Culture of Europe
• Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013
• Religion in the European Union
• Bologna Process
• Europeanisation
• Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union
• European Communities
• Trans-cultural diffusion
• Greater Region

References

1. ^ "Cultural heritage as a vehicle of cultural identity". philatelism.com. 2007-07-05. http://ec.europa.eu/culture/portal/activities/heritage/cultural_heritage_vehic_en.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-13. 
2. ^ Compendium: Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe
3. ^ Bozoki, Andras. "Cultural Policy and Politics in the European Union" (PDF). http://137.204.115.130/activities/download/Bozoki/Cultural%20Policy%20and%20Politics%20in%20the%20European%20Union.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-13. 
4. ^ European Commission Website
5. ^ EU Prize for Literature website
6. ^ European Commission Website
7. ^ Goldirova, Renata (2007-07-11). "Brussels' first-ever move into sport area set to spark controversy". EU Observer. http://euobserver.com/9/24455. Retrieved 2007-07-13. 
8. ^ Fordyce, Tom (2007-07-11). "10 years since Bosman". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4528732.stm. Retrieved 2007-07-13. 

External links

• Language and culture section EurActiv.com
• Europe of cultures 50 years of artistic creation and cultural life from the 27 countries of the European Union with Ina
• EU Culture Portal (archived)
• Euronews - Culture

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