List of Japanese dishes

Below is a list of dishes found in Japanese cuisine

Rice dishes

• Gohan or Meshi: plainly cooked white rice. It is such a staple that the terms gohan and meshi are also used to refer meals in general, such as Asa gohan/meshi (朝御飯, 朝飯, breakfast), Hiru gohan/meshi (昼御飯, 昼飯, lunch), and Ban gohan/meshi (晩御飯, 晩飯, dinner). Also, raw rice is called kome (米, rice), while cooked rice is gohan (ご飯, [cooked] rice). Some alternatives are:

• Genmai gohan (玄米御飯): brown rice
• Okowa (おこわ): cooked glutinous rice
• Mugi gohan/meshi (麦御飯, 麦飯): white rice cooked with barley
• Rice with a raw egg (卵掛け御飯Tamago kake gohan), (海苔)nori, and furikake are popular condiments in Japanese breakfast
• (御茶漬け)Ochazuke: hot green tea or (出汁)dashi poured over cooked white rice, often with various savory ingredients such as (梅干)umeboshi or (漬物)tsukemono.
• Onigiri: balls of rice with a filling in the middle. Japanese equivalent of sandwiches.
• (炊き込み御飯)Takikomi gohan: Japanese-style pilaf cooked with various ingredients and flavored with soy, dashi, etc.
• (釜飯)Kamameshi: rice topped with vegetables and chicken or seafood, then baked in an individual-sized pot
• (赤飯)Sekihan: red rice. white rice cooked with (小豆)azuki beans to Glutinous rice

• Curry rice: Introduced from the UK in the late 19th century, "curry rice" (karē raisu カレーライス) is now one of the most popular dishes in Japan. It is much milder than its Indian counterpart.
• Hayashi rice(ハヤシライス): thick beef stew on rice
• Omurice (Omu-raisu, オムライス): omelet filled with fried rice, apparently originating from Tōkyō

• Mochi,(餅): glutinous rice cake
• Chāhan(炒飯): fried rice, adapted to Japanese tastes, tends to be lighter in flavour and style than the Chinese version from which it is derived

Congee

• Kayu or Okayu: (粥, お粥) rice congee (porridge), sometimes egg dropped and usually served to infants and sick people as easily digestible meals
• Zosui (Zōsui, 雑炊) or Ojiya: a soup containing rice stewed in stock, often with egg, meat, seafood, vegetables or mushroom, and flavoured with miso or soy. Known as juushii in Okinawa. Some similarity to risotto and Kayu though Zosui uses cooked rice, as the difference is that kayu is made from raw rice.

Donburi

A one-bowl dish, consisting of a donburi (どんぶり, 丼, big bowl) full of hot steamed rice with various savory toppings:

• Katsudon: donburi topped with deep-fried breaded cutlet of pork (tonkatsudon), chicken (chickendon)
• Tekkadon: donburi topped with tuna sashimi
• Oyakodon (Parent and Child): donburi topped with chicken and egg (or sometimes salmon and salmon roe)
• Gyūdon: donburi topped with seasoned beef
• Tendon: donburi topped with tempura (battered shrimp and vegetables).
• Unadon: donburi topped with broiled eel with vegetables.

Sushi

Sushi (寿司,鮨,鮓) is a vinegared rice topped or mixed with various fresh ingredients, usually seafood or vegetables.

• Nigiri-zushi: This is sushi with the ingredients on top of a block of rice.
• Maki-zushi: Translated as "roll sushi", this is where rice and seafood or other ingredients are placed on a sheet of seaweed (nori) and rolled into a cylindrical shape on a bamboo mat and then cut into smaller pieces.
• Temaki: Basically the same as makizushi, except that the nori is rolled into a cone-shape with the ingredients placed inside. Sometimes referred to as a "hand-roll".
• Chirashi: Translated as "scattered", chirashi involves fresh sea food, vegetables or other ingredients being placed on top of sushi rice in a bowl or dish.
• Inari-zushi (稲荷寿司,お稲荷さん): Fried tofu packet stuffed with sushi rice (no fillings)
• Oshi-zushi (押し寿司):
• Mehari-zushi (めはり寿司):

Alcoholic beverages

Sake(酒) is a rice wine that typically contains 12%–20% alcohol and is made by a double fermentation of rice. Kōjji yeast is first used to ferment the rice starch into sugar. Regular brewing yeast is used in the second fermentation to make alcohol. At traditional meals, it is considered an equivalent to rice and is not simultaneously taken with other rice-based dishes. Side dishes for sake is particularly called sakana or otsumami.

Shōchū is a distilled beverage, most commonly made from barley, sweet potatoes, or rice. Typically, it contains 25% alcohol by volume.

Other staples

Noodles (men-rui, 麺類)

Noodles often take the place of rice in a meal. However, the Japanese appetite for rice is so strong that many restaurants even serve noodles-rice combination sets.

Kamo nanban: Soba with sliced duck breast, negi (scallions) and mitsuba

• Traditional Japanese noodles are usually served chilled with a dipping sauce, or in a hot soy-dashi broth.
  • Soba: thin brown buckwheat noodles. Also known as Nihon-soba ("Japanese soba"). In Okinawa, soba likely refers to Okinawa soba (see below).
  • Udon: thick white wheat noodles served with various toppings, usually in a hot soy-dashi broth, or sometimes in a Japanese curry soup.
  • Somen: thin white wheat noodles served chilled with a dipping sauce. Hot Somen is called Nyumen.

• Chinese-influenced noodles are served in a meat or chicken broth and have only appeared in the last 100 years or so.
  • Ramen: thin light yellow noodles served in hot chicken or pork broth with various toppings; of Chinese origin, it is a popular and common item in Japan. Also known as Shina-soba (支那そば) or Chuka-soba (中華そば) (both mean "Chinese-style soba")
  • Champon: yellow noodles of medium thickness served with a great variety of seafood and vegetable toppings in a hot chicken broth which originated in Nagasaki as a cheap food for students
  • Hiyashi chuka: thin, yellow noodles served cold with a variety of toppings, such as cucumber, tomato, ham or chicken, bean sprouts, thin-sliced omelet, etc., and a cold sauce (soy sauce based, sesame based, etc.). The name means "cold Chinese noodles."

• Okinawa soba: thick wheat-flour noodles served in Okinawa, often served in a hot broth with sōki, steamed pork. Akin to a cross between udon and ramen.
• Zaru soba: Soba noodles served cold
• Yaki soba: Fried Chinese noodles
• Yaki udon: Fried udon noodles

Bread (pan, パン)

Bread (the word "pan" is derived from the Portuguese pão)^[1] is not native to Japan and is not considered traditional Japanese food, but since its introduction in the 16th century it has become common.

• Curry bread (karē pan カレーパン): deep fried bread filled with Japanese curry sauce.
• Anpan (ampan アンパン): sweet bun filled with red bean (anko) paste.
• Yakisoba-pan: bread roll sandwich with yakisoba (fried noodles and red pickled ginger) filling.
• Korokke-pan: bread roll sandwich with croquette (deep-fried patties mashed potato) filling.
• Melon-pan: sweet round bun covered in a (sometimes melon flavored) cookie-like coating, scored in criss cross shape and baked.
• Katsu-sando: sandwich with tonkatsu (breaded pork cutlet) filling.

Common Japanese main and side dishes (okazu, おかず)

Deep-fried dishes (agemono, 揚げ物)

Ebi tempura.

• Karaage 唐揚げ: bite-sized pieces of chicken, fish, octopus, or other meat, floured and deep fried. Common izakaya food, also often available in convenience stores.
• Korokke (croquette　コロッケ): breaded and deep-fried patties, containing either mashed potato or white sauce mixed with minced meat, vegetables or seafood. Popular everyday food.
• Kushikatsu 串カツ: skewered meat, vegetables or seafood, breaded and deep fried.
• Tempura: deep-fried vegetables or seafood in a light, distinctive batter.
• Tonkatsu 豚カツ: deep-fried breaded cutlet of pork (chicken versions are called chicken katsu).

Grilled and pan-fried dishes (yakimono, 焼き物)

Yakitori being cooked

• Gyoza 餃子: Chinese ravioli-dumplings (potstickers), usually filled with pork and vegetables and pan-fried.
• Kushiyaki 串焼き: skewers of meat and vegetables.
• Motoyaki: Baked seafood topped with a creamy sauce.
• Okonomiyaki (お好み焼き): savory pancakes with various meat and vegetable ingredients, flavoured with the likes of Worcestershire sauce or mayonnaise.
• Takoyaki (たこ焼き,蛸焼き): a spherical, fried dumpling of batter with a piece of octopus inside. Popular street snack.
• Teriyaki (照り焼き): grilled, broiled, or pan-fried meat, fish, chicken or vegetables glazed with a sweetened soy sauce.
• Unagi (鰻,うなぎ), including Kabayaki蒲焼: grilled and flavored eel.
• Yakiniku ("grilled meat" 焼肉): may refer to several things. Vegetables such as bite-sized onion, carrot, cabbage, mushrooms, and bell pepper are usually grilled together. Grilled ingredients are dipped in a sauce known as tare before being eaten.
  • Horumonyakiホルモン焼き ("offal-grill"): similar homegrown dish, but using offal
  • Jingisukan (Genghis Khan ジンギスカン) barbecue: sliced lamb or mutton grilled with various vegetables, especially onion and cabbage and dipped in a rich tare sauce. A speciality of Hokkaidō.
• Yakitori 焼き鳥: barbecued chicken skewers, usually served with beer. In Japan, yakitori usually consists of a wide variety of parts of the chicken. It is not usual to see straight chicken meat as the only type of yakitori in a meal.
• Yakizakana 焼き魚 : flame-grilled fish, often served with grated daikon. One of the most common dishes served at home. Because of the simple cuisine, fresh fish in season are highly preferable. See Arabesque greenling

Nabemono (one pot "steamboat" cooking, 鍋物)

Nabemono includes:

• Oden おでん,関東炊き"kantou-daki": surimi, boiled eggs, daikon radish, konnyaku, and fish cakes stewed in a light, soy-flavoured dashi broth. Common wintertime food and often available in convenience stores.
• Motsunabe モツ鍋: beef offal, Chinese cabbage and various vegetables cooked in a light soup base.
• Shabu-shabu しゃぶしゃぶ: hot pot with thinly sliced beef, vegetables, and tofu, cooked in a thin stock at the table and dipped in a soy or sesame-based dip before eating.
• Sukiyaki すき焼き: thinly sliced beef and vegetables cooked in a mixture of soy sauce, dashi, sugar, and sake. Participants cook at the table then dip food into their individual bowls of raw egg before eating it.
• Tecchiri: hot pot with blowfish and vegetables, a specialty of Osaka.

Nimono (stewed dishes, 煮物)

• Kakuni 角煮: chunks of pork belly stewed in soy, mirin and sake with large pieces of daikon and whole boiled eggs. The Okinawan variation, using awamori, soy sauce and miso, is known as rafuti.
• Nikujaga 肉じゃが: beef and potato stew, flavoured with sweet soy
• Nizakana 煮魚: fish poached in sweet soy (often on the menu as "nitsuke")
• Sōki: Okinawan dish of pork stewed with bone

Itamemono (stir-fried dishes, 炒め物)

Stir-frying is not a native method of cooking in Japan, however mock-Chinese stir fries such as yasai itame (stir fried vegetables) have been a staple in homes and canteens across Japan since the 1950s. Home grown stir fries include:

• Chanpurū: A stir-fry from Okinawa, of vegetables, tofu, meat or seafood and sometimes egg. Many varieties, the most famous being gōyā chanpurū.
• Kinpira gobo: Thin sticks of greater burdock (gobo, ゴボウ) and other root vegetables stir-fried and braised in sweetened soy.

Sashimi

Bonito(skipjack tuna) tataki.

Sashimi (刺身) is raw, thinly sliced foods served with a dipping sauce and simple garnishes; usually fish or shellfish served with soy sauce and wasabi. Less common variations include:

• Fugu (河豚): sliced poisonous pufferfish (sometimes lethal), a uniquely Japanese specialty. The chef responsible for preparing it must be licensed.
• Ikizukuri: live sashimi
• Tataki (ja:たたき): raw/very rare skipjack tuna or beef steak seared on the outside and sliced, or a finely chopped fish, spiced with the likes of chopped spring onions, ginger or garlic paste.
• Basashi (ja:馬刺し): horse meat sashimi, sometimes called sakura (桜), is a regional speciality in certain areas such as Shinshu (Nagano, Gifu and Toyama prefectures) and Kumamoto.^[2] Basashi features on the menu of many izakayas, even on the menus of big national chains.
• Torisashi: chicken breast sashimi, regional specialty of Kagoshima, Miyazaki prefectures.
• Rebasashi: usually liver of calf, completely raw (rare version is called "aburi" (あぶり)), usually dipped in salted sesame oil rather than soy sauce.
• Shikasashi: deer meat sashimi, a rare delicacy in certain parts of Japan, frequently causes acute hepatitis E by eating hunted wild deer.^[3]

Soups (suimono (吸い物) and shirumono (汁物))

Soups include:

• Miso soup (味噌汁): soup made with miso dissolved in dashi, usually containing two or three types of solid ingredients, such as seaweed, vegetables or tofu.
• Tonjiru (豚汁): similar to Miso soup, except that pork is added to the ingredients
• Dangojiru (団子汁): soup made with dumplings along with seaweed, tofu, lotus root, or any number of other vegetables and roots
• Imoni(芋煮): a thick taro potato stew popular in Northern Japan during the autumn season
• Sumashijiru (澄まし汁) or osumashi (お澄まし): a clear soup made with dashi and seafood or chicken.
• Zoni (雑煮): soup containing mochi rice cakes along with various vegetables and often chicken. It is usually eaten at New Years Day.
• Kiritanpo: freshly cooked rice is pounded, formed into cylinders around cryptomeria skewers, and toasted at an open hearth. The kiritanpo are used as dumplings in soups.

Pickled or salted foods (tsukemono 漬け物 (pickled or fragrant things)

A stall selling a variety of pickled and cured foods including squid, cabbage and daikon at a Tokyo supermarket.

These foods are usually served in tiny portions, as a side dish to be eaten with white rice, to accompany sake or as a topping for rice porridges.

• Ikura: salt cured and　pickled　soy sauce salmon caviar.
• Mentaiko (明太子): salt-cured and red pepper pickled pollock roe.
• Shiokara (塩辛): salty fermented viscera.
• Tsukemono(漬物): pickled vegetables, hundreds of varieties and served with most rice-based meals.
  • Umeboshi (梅干): small, pickled ume fruit. Usually red and very sour, often served with bento (弁当) lunch boxes or as a filling for onigiri.
• Tsukudani (佃煮): Very small fish, shellfish or seaweed stewed in sweetened soy for preservation.

Miscellaneous

• Agedashi dofu (揚げ出し豆腐): cubes of deep-fried silken tofu served in hot broth.
• Bento or Obento (弁当,御弁当): combination meal served in a wooden box, usually as a cold lunchbox.
• Chawan mushi　(茶碗蒸し): meat (seafood and/or chicken) and vegetables steamed in egg custard.
• Edamame (枝豆): boiled and salted pods of soybeans, eaten as a snack, often to accompany beer.
• Himono (干物): dried fish, often aji (鯵, Japanese jack mackerel). Traditionally served for breakfast with rice, miso soup and pickles.
• Hiyayakko (冷奴): chilled tofu with garnish.
• Natto (納豆): fermented soybeans, stringy like melted cheese, infamous for its strong smell and slippery texture. Often eaten for breakfast. Typically popular in Kantō and Tōhoku but slowly gaining popularity in other regions in which Natto was not as popular
• Ohitashi (お浸し): boiled greens such as spinach, chilled and flavoured with soy sauce, often with garnish.
• Osechi (御節): traditional foods eaten at New Year.
• Sunomono (酢の物): vegetables such as cucumber or wakame, or sometimes crab, marinated in rice vinegar.

Chinmi

Chinmi are regional delicacies, and include:

• Ankimo
• Karasumi
• Konowata
• Mozuku
• Uni: Specifically salt-pickled sea urchin

Although most Japanese eschew eating insects, in some regions, locust (inago, ja:イナゴ)^[4] and bee larvae (hachinoko, ja:蜂の子)^[5] are not uncommon dishes. The larvae of species of caddisflies and stoneflies (zaza-mushi, ja:ざざむし), harvested from the Tenryū river as it flows through Ina, Nagano, is also boiled and canned, or boiled and then sautéed in soy sauce and sugar.^[6] Japanese clawed salamander (Hakone Sanshōuo, ja:ハコネサンショウウオ, Onychodactylus japonicus) is eaten as well in Hinoemata, Fukushima in early summer.

Sweets and snacks (okashi (おかし), oyatsu (おやつ))

See also Category:Japanese desserts and sweets

Japanese-style sweets (wagashi, 和菓子)

Wagashi in a storefront in Sapporo, Japan

Wagashi include

• Amanatto
• Dango: rice dumpling
• Hanabiramochi
• Higashi
• Hoshigaki: Dried persimmon fruit
• Imagawayaki: also known as 'Taikoyaki' is a round Taiyaki and fillings are same
• Kakigori: shaved ice with syrup topping.
• Kompeito: crystal sugar candy
• Manju: sticky rice surrounding a sweet bean center
• Matsunoyuki
• Mochi: steamed sweet rice pounded into a solid, sticky, and somewhat translucent mass
• Oshiruko: a warm, sweet red bean (an) soup with mochi: rice cake
• Uiro: a steamed cake made of rice flour
• Taiyaki: a fried, fish-shaped cake, usually with a sweet filling such as an: red bean paste

Old-fashioned Japanese-style sweets (dagashi, 駄菓子)

• Karumetou: Brown sugar cake. Also called Karumeyaki
• Sosu Senbei: Thin wafers eaten with soy sauce
• Mizuame: sticky liquid sugar candy

Western-style sweets (yōgashi, 洋菓子)

Yōgashi are Western-style sweets, but in Japan are typically very light or spongy.

• Kasutera: "Castella" Iberian-style sponge cake
• Mirukurepu: "mille crepe": layered crepe (in French, "one thousand leaves")

Sweets bread (kashi pan, 菓子パン)

• Anpan: bread with sweet bean paste in the center
• Melonpan: a large, round bun which is a combination of regular dough beneath cookie dough. It occasionally contains a melon-flavored cream, though traditionally it is called melon bread because of its general shape resembling that of a melon (not due to any melon flavor).

Other snacks

See also List of Japanese snacks and Category:Japanese snack food

Snacks include:

• Azuki Ice: vanilla flavored ice cream with sweet azuki beans
• Koara no māchi
• Umai Bō　Puffed corn food with various flavors
• Pocky
• Hello Panda
• Hi-chew
• Ice cream - usual flavours such as vanilla and chocolate are the most common. Distinctly Japanese ones include Matcha Ice (green tea ice cream), less common ones include Goma (black sesame seed) and sweet potato flavours.

Tea and other drinks

Barrels of sake, a traditional Japanese alcoholic drink

Tea and non-alcoholic beverages

Sea also Japanese green teas and Japanese drinks

• Amazake
• Genmaicha: green tea combined with roasted brown rice.
• Gyokuro: Gyokuro leaves are shaded from direct sunlight for approximately 3 weeks before the spring harvest. Removing direct sunlight in this way enhances the proportions of flavenols, amino acids, sugars, and other substances that provide tea aroma and taste. After harvesting the leaves are rolled and dried naturally. Gyokuro is slightly sweeter than sencha and is famous for its crisp, clean taste. Major growing areas include Uji, Kyōto and Shizuoka prefecture.
• Hojicha: green tea roasted over charcoal.
• Kombucha (tea): specifically the tea poured with Kombu giving rich flavor in monosodium glutamate.
• Kukicha: a blend of green tea made of stems, stalks, and twigs.
• Kuzuyu: a thick herbal tea made with kudzu starch.
• Matcha: powdered green tea. (Green tea ice cream is flavored with matcha, not ocha.)
• Mugicha: barley tea, served chilled during summer.
• Sakurayu: an herbal tea made with pickled cherry blossoms.
• Sencha: steam treated green tea leaves then dried.
• Umecha: a tea drink with umeboshi giving refreshing sourness.

Soft drinks

• Calpis
• C.C. Lemon
• Mitsuya Cider
• Oronamin C Drink
• Pocari Sweat
• Qoo
• Ramune
• Yakult

Alcoholic beverages

• Awamori
• Sake
• Shōchū
• Umeshu
• Japanese beer - leading brands are Sapporo, Asahi and Kirin

Imported and adapted foods

Japan has incorporated imported food from across the world (mostly from Asia, Europe and to a lesser extent the Americas), and have historically adapted many to make them their own.

Foods imported from Portugal in the 16th century

• Tempura - so thoroughly adopted that its foreign roots are unknown to most people, including many Japanese. As such, it is considered washoku.
• castella - sponge cake, originating in Nagasaki
• Pan is bread, introduced by Portugal. (Bread is Pão in Portuguese.) Japanese bread crumbs, panko, have been popularized by cooking shows.

Yōshoku

Yōshoku (洋食) is a style of Western-influenced food.

• Breaded seafood or vegetables (furai, フライ, derived from "fry"), and meat (katsuretsu, カツレツ, derived from "cutlet" and often contracted to katsu), are usually served with shredded cabbage and/or lettuce, Japanese Worcestershire or tonkatsu sauce and lemon. Tempura, a related dish, has been heavily modified since its introduction to Japan by use of batter and dashi-flavored dip, and is usually considered to be washoku (和食, native food).

Korokke for sale at a Mitsukoshi food hall in Tokyo, Japan

See also: List of Japanese dishes#Deep-fried dishes (agemono, 揚げ物)

• Kaki furai (カキフライ,牡蠣フライ) - breaded oyster
• Ebi furai (エビフライ,海老フライ) - breaded shrimp
• Korokke ("croquette"コロッケ) - breaded mashed potato and minced meat patties. When white sauce is added, it is called cream korokke. Other ingredients such as crab meat, shrimp, or mushrooms are also used instead of minced meat which are called kani-, ebi-, or kinoko-cream korokke, respectively.
• Tonkatsu, Menchi katsu, chicken katsu, beef katsu, kujira katsu - breaded and deep-fried pork, minced meat patties, chicken, beef, and whale, respectively.

• Japanese curry-rice - imported in the 19th century by way of the United Kingdom and adapted by Japanese Navy chefs. One of the most popular food items in Japan today. Eaten with a spoon. Curry is often eaten with pickled vegetables called fukujinzuke or rakkyo
  • Curry Pan - deep fried bread with Japanese curry sauce inside. The pirozhki of Russia was remodeled, and Curry bread was made.
  • Curry udon - is a hot noodle dish where the soup is made of Japanese curry. May also include meat or vegetables.

• Hayashi rice - beef and onions stewed in a red-wine sauce and served on rice

• Nikujaga - soy-flavored meat and potato stew. Has been Japanised to the extent that it is now considered washoku, but again originates from 19th Century Japanese Navy chefs adapting beef stews of the Royal Navy.

• Omu raisu - ketchup-flavored rice wrapped in omelet.

Other items were popularized after the war:

• Hamburg steak - a ground beef patty, usually mixed with breadcrumbs and fried chopped onions, served with a side of white rice and vegetables. Popular post-war food item served at homes. Sometimes eaten with a fork.

• Spaghetti - Japanese versions include:
  • with tomato ketchup, wieners, sliced onion and green pepper (called "naporitan" or "napolitan")
  • with mentaiko sauce topped with nori seaweed
  • with Japanese curry

Other homegrown cuisine of foreign origin

• Japanese American cuisine
  • Burgers have various variations in Japan. MOS Burger developed Teriyaki Burgers and kinpira rice burger

• Korean cuisine
  • Kimchi - from Korea is often served with Japanese Chinese cuisine, though the local variant may use thinner cabbage.

• Japanese Chinese cuisine
  • Ramen and related dishes such as champon and yaki soba
  • Mābō Dōfu tends to be thinner than Chinese Mapo doufu.
  • Japanese-only "Chinese dishes" like Ebi Chili (shrimp in a tangy and slightly spicy sauce)
  • Nikuman, anman, butaman and the obscure negi-man are all varieties of mantou with fillings.
  • Gyoza are a very popular dish in Japan. Gyoza are the Japanese take on the Chinese dumplings with rich garlic flavor. Most often, they are seen in the crispy pan-fried form (potstickers), but they can be served boiled or even deep fried, as well.
• Japanese English cuisine
  • Purin is a version of custard pudding.

Adaptations

• California roll - invented in California, just as its name suggests
• Spam musubi - a snack from Hawaii resembling onigiri made with Spam.

Japanese flavorings

Many Japanese foods are prepared using one or more of the following:

• Kombu (kelp), katsuobushi (flakes of cured skipjack tuna, sometimes referred to as bonito) and niboshi (dried baby sardines) are often used to make dashi stock.
• Negi (Welsh onion), onions, garlic, nira (Chinese chives), rakkyō (a type of scallion).
• Sesame seeds, sesame oil, sesame salt (gomashio), furikake, walnuts or peanuts to dress.
• Shōyu (soy sauce), dashi, mirin, sugar, rice vinegar, miso, sake.
• Wasabi (and imitation wasabi from horseradish), karashi (hot mustard), red pepper, ginger, shiso (perilla or beefsteak plant) leaves, sansho, citrus peel, and honeywort (called mitsuba).
• A citrus fruit called yuzu is also a frequent condiment, mashed up into a relish, sold as yuzukoshō and is blended with pepper/chili and salt. Yuzukoshō is eaten with many dishes, adding a flavorful kick to broth/soup items such as oden, nikujaga, tonjiru, udon, etc... Yuzu is also seen to flavor teas, jams or zeri (jelly), and any number of sweets from yuzu-an (a type of Anpan) to yuzu-hachimitsu (yuzu-honey).

Less traditional, but widely used ingredients include:

• Monosodium glutamate, which is often used by chefs and food companies as a cheap flavor enhancer. It may be used as a substitute for kombu, which is a traditional source of free glutamate
• Japanese-style Worcestershire sauce, often known as simply "sauce", thicker and fruitier than the original, is commonly used as a table condiment for okonomiyaki (お好み焼き), tonkatsu (トンカツ), croquette ("korokke", コロッケ) and the like.
• Japanese mayonnaise is used with salads, okonomiyaki (お好み焼き), yaki soba (焼きそば) and sometimes mixed with wasabi or soy sauce.

See also

• List of Japanese cooking utensils
• List of Japanese ingredients
• List of Japanese condiments

References

1. ^ Stanlaw, James (2004). Japanese English: language and culture contact. Hong Kong University Press. p. 46. ISBN 9622095720. http://books.google.com/books?id=2OK1G_AVnCUC&pg=PA46&dq=pan+bread+pao&hl=en#v=onepage&q=pan%20bread%20pao&f=false. 
2. ^ http://www.quirkyjapan.or.tv/food.html
3. ^ S. Tei, N. Kitajima, K. Takahashi, S. Mishiro, "Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings", The Lancet, 362 (9381), 371-373 (2003).
4. ^ http://images.google.com/images?q=%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B4%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%83%E7%85%AE
5. ^ http://images.google.co.jp/images?hl=ja&q=%E8%9C%82%E3%81%AE%E5%AD%90
6. ^ http://images.google.com/images?q=%E3%81%96%E3%81%96%E3%82%80%E3%81%97