- Outline of Estonia
-
The location of Estonia
An enlargeable map of the Republic of EstoniaSee also: Index of Estonia-related articlesThe Republic of Estonia is a sovereign country located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.[1] Estonia is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km).[2] The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate.
The Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns, with the Estonian language sharing many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described a people called the Aestii. Similarly, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Eistland. Early Latin and other ancient versions of the name are Estia and Hestia. Until the late 1930s, the name was often written as Esthonia in most English speaking countries.
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic and is divided into fifteen counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. Estonia has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991[3] of the European Union since 1 May 2004[4] and of NATO since 29 March 2004.[5] Estonia has also signed the Kyoto protocol. With only 1.3 million inhabitants, it comprises one of the smallest populations of the European Union countries.
The settlement of modern day Estonia began around 8500 BC, immediately after the Ice Age. Over the centuries, the Estonians were subjected to Danish, Teutonic, Swedish and Russian rule. Foreign rule in Estonia began in 1227, when as a consequence of the Northern Crusades the area was conquered by Danes and Germans. From 1228–1562, parts or most of Estonia were incorporated into the loosely organized Livonian Confederation of Teutonic Knights, during which time economic activity centered around the Hanseatic League. In the 16th century, Estonia passed to Swedish rule until 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire. The Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840) led to a national awakening in the mid-19th century. In 1918 the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued, to be followed by the Estonian War of Independence, which resulted in the Tartu Peace Treaty recognizing Estonian independence in perpetuity. During World War II, Estonia was occupied and annexed first by the Soviet Union[6][7][8] and subsequently by Third Reich, only to be re-occupied by the Soviet Union in 1944.
Estonia regained its independence on 20 August 1991. It has since embarked on a rapid program of social and economic reform. Today, the country has gained recognition for its economic freedom[9] its adaptation of new technologies[10] and as one of the world's fastest growing economies.[11]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Estonia:
General reference
An enlargeable relief map of Estonia- Pronunciation: /ɛˈstoʊniə/
- Common English country name: Estonia
- Official English country name: The Republic of Estonia
- Common endonym(s): Eesti, Eestimaa
- Official endonym(s): Eesti Vabariik
- Adjectival(s): Estonian
- Demonym(s): Estonians
- Etymology: Name of Estonia
- International rankings of Estonia
- ISO country codes: EE, EST, 233
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:EE
- Internet country code top-level domain: .ee
Geography of Estonia
An enlargeable topographic map of EstoniaMain article: Geography of Estonia- Estonia is: a country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Time zone: Eastern European Time (UTC+02), Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+03)
- Extreme points of Estonia
- High: Suur Munamägi 318 m (1,043 ft)
- Low: Baltic Sea 0 m
- Land boundaries: 633 km
-
- Coastline: Baltic Sea 3,794 km
- Population of Estonia: 1,340,600 (January 1, 2008) - 148th most populous country
- Area of Estonia: 45,228 km2
- Atlas of Estonia
Environment of Estonia
An enlargeable satellite image of EstoniaMain article: Environment of Estonia- Climate of Estonia
- Environmental issues in Estonia
- Ecoregions in Estonia
- Renewable energy in Estonia
- Geology of Estonia
- Protected areas of Estonia
- Biosphere reserves in Estonia
- National parks of Estonia
- Fauna of Estonia
- Flora of Estonia
Natural geographic features of Estonia
- Glaciers of Estonia
- Islands of Estonia
- Lakes of Estonia
- Mountains of Estonia
- Volcanoes in Estonia
- Rivers of Estonia
- Waterfalls of Estonia
- Valleys of Estonia
- World Heritage Sites in Estonia
Regions of Estonia
Administrative divisions of Estonia
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Estonia
Provinces of Estonia
Main article: Provinces of EstoniaCounties of Estonia
Main article: Counties of EstoniaMunicipalities of Estonia
Main article: Municipalities of Estonia- Capital of Estonia: Tallinn
- Cities of Estonia
Demography of Estonia
- Main article: Demographics of Estonia
Government and politics of Estonia
- Main article: Government of Estonia and Politics of Estonia
- Form of government: parliamentary representative democratic republic
- Capital of Estonia: Tallinn
- Elections in Estonia
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Estonia
- Political scandals of Estonia
- Taxation in Estonia
Branches of the government of Estonia
Main article: Government of EstoniaExecutive branch of the government of Estonia
- Head of state: President of Estonia, Toomas Hendrik Ilves
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Estonia, Andrus Ansip
- Cabinet of Estonia
Legislative branch of the government of Estonia
- Parliament of Estonia
Judicial branch of the government of Estonia
Main article: Court system of EstoniaForeign relations of Estonia
Main article: Foreign relations of EstoniaInternational organization membership
The Republic of Estonia is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Estonia
- Main article: Law of Estonia
- Capital punishment in Estonia
- Constitution of Estonia
- Crime in Estonia
- Human rights in Estonia
- LGBT rights in Estonia
- Freedom of religion in Estonia
- Law enforcement in Estonia
Military of Estonia
- Main article: Military of Estonia
- Command
- Forces
- Army of Estonia
- Navy of Estonia
- Air Force of Estonia
- Special forces of Estonia
- Military history of Estonia
- Military ranks of Estonia
Local government in Estonia
Main article: Local government in EstoniaHistory of Estonia
- Main article: History of Estonia, Timeline of the history of Estonia, and Current events of Estonia
- Economic history of Estonia
- Military history of Estonia
Culture of Estonia
- Main article: Culture of Estonia
- Architecture of Estonia
- Cuisine of Estonia
- Ethnic minorities in Estonia
- Estonian Jews
- Estonian Swedes
- Estonian Russians
- Baltic Germans
- Festivals in Estonia
- Humor in Estonia
- Languages of Estonia
- Media in Estonia
- National symbols of Estonia
- Coat of arms of Estonia
- Flag of Estonia
- National anthem of Estonia
- People of Estonia
- Prostitution in Estonia
- Public holidays in Estonia
- Records of Estonia
- Religion in Estonia
- Buddhism in Estonia
- Christianity in Estonia
- Hinduism in Estonia
- Islam in Estonia
- Judaism in Estonia
- Sikhism in Estonia
- World Heritage Sites in Estonia
Art in Estonia
- Art in Estonia
- Cinema of Estonia
- Literature of Estonia
- Music of Estonia
- Television in Estonia
- Theatre in Estonia
Sport in Estonia
- Main article: Sport in Estonia
Economy and infrastructure of Estonia
- Main article: Economy of Estonia
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 90th (ninetieth)
- Agriculture in Estonia
- Banking in Estonia
- National Bank of Estonia
- Communications in Estonia
- Companies of Estonia
- Currency of Estonia: Kroon
- Economic history of Estonia
- Energy in Estonia
- Energy policy of Estonia
- Oil industry in Estonia
- Health care in Estonia
- Estonia Stock Exchange
- Mining in Estonia
- Tourism in Estonia
- Transport in Estonia
- Airports in Estonia
- Rail transport in Estonia
- Roads in Estonia
- Water supply and sanitation in Estonia
Education in Estonia
- Main article: Education in Estonia
See also
Main article: Estonia- All pages beginning with "Estonia"
- All pages with titles containing "Estonia"
- All pages beginning with "Estonian"
- All pages with titles containing "Estonian"
- Index of Estonia-related articles
- List of Estonia-related topics
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the European Union
- Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Europe
- Outline of geography
References
- ^ a b "Estonia". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 8, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/en.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ Portal of the Republic of Estonia, (Estonian)
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_member_states Estonian date of admission into the United Nations
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_member_state Estonian date of admission into the European Union
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nato#Membership Estonian date of admission into the NATO
- ^ U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship at state.gov
- ^ Motion for a resolution on the Situation in Estonia by EU
- ^ European Court of Human Rights cases on Occupation of Baltic States
- ^ Index of Economic Freedom
- ^ BBC NEWS Europe Tiny Estonia leads internet revolution
- ^ The Estonian Economic Miracle
External links
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