Outline of Eritrea

The Flag of Eritrea		The Coat of arms of Eritrea

The location of Eritrea

An enlargeable map of the State of Eritrea

See also: Index of Eritrea-related articles

The State of Eritrea is a sovereign country located in Northeast Africa.^[1] Eritrea is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are part of Eritrea.

Eritrea was conquered by Italy and formally consolidated into a colony by the Italian government on January 1, 1890. In 1936 it became a province of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana), along with Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland. The British expelled the Italians in 1941.^[2]

Increasing unrest and resistance in Eritrea against the federation with Ethiopia eventually led to a decision by the Ethiopian government to annex Eritrea as its 14th province in 1962. An Eritrean independence movement formed in the early 1960s which later erupted into a 31 year long civil war against successive Ethiopian governments that ended in 1991. Following a UN supervised referendum in Eritrea dubbed UNOVER in which the Eritrean people overwhelmingly voted for independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea declared its independence and gained international recognition in 1993.^[3] Eritrea's constitution, adopted in 1997, stipulates that the state is a presidential republic with a unicameral parliamentary democracy. The constitution, however, has not yet been implemented fully due to, according to the government, the prevailing border conflict with Ethiopia which began in May 1998.

Eritrea is a multilingual and multicultural country with two dominant religions (Coptic Orthodox Christianity and Islam) and nine ethnic groups. The country's dominant language is Tigrinya, natively spoken by around 50% of the population. Along with Tigrinya, Arabic and English are used for official communication. English is also used in all of the government's international communication and is the language of instruction in all education beyond 5th grade.^[4]

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Eritrea:

General reference

An enlargeable basic map of Eritrea

• Pronunciation: /ɛrɨˈtriːə/ or /ɛrɨˈtreɪ.ə/
• Common English country name: Eritrea
• Official English country name: The State of Eritrea
• Common endonym(s):
• Official endonym(s):
• Adjectival(s): Eritrean
• Demonym(s):
• Etymology: Name of Eritrea
• ISO country codes: ER, ERI, 232
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:ER
• Internet country code top-level domain: .er

Geography of Eritrea

An enlargeable topographic map of Eritrea

Main article: Geography of Eritrea

• Eritrea is: a country
• Location:
  • Eastern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere
  • Africa
    • North Africa
    • East Africa
      • Horn of Africa
  • Time zone: East Africa Time (UTC+03)
  • Extreme points of Eritrea
    • High: Emba Soira 3,018 m (9,902 ft)
    • Low: Lake Kulul −75 m (−246 ft)
  • Land boundaries: 1,626 km

 Ethiopia 912 km

 Sudan 605 km

 Djibouti 109 km

• Coastline: Red Sea 2,234 km

• Population of Eritrea: 4,851,000 - 113rd most populous country
• Area of Eritrea: 117,600 km²
• Atlas of Eritrea

Environment of Eritrea

An enlargeable satellite image of Eritrea

Main article: Environment of Eritrea

• Climate of Eritrea
• Environmental issues in Eritrea
• Ecoregions in Eritrea
• Renewable energy in Eritrea
• Geology of Eritrea
  • Earthquakes in Eritrea
• Protected areas of Eritrea
  • Biosphere reserves in Eritrea
  • National parks of Eritrea
• Wildlife of Eritrea
  • Flora of Eritrea
  • Fauna of Eritrea
    • Birds of Eritrea
    • Mammals of Eritrea

Natural geographic features of Eritrea

Main article: Landforms of Eritrea

• Glaciers in Eritrea: none ^[5]
• Islands of Eritrea
• Lakes of Eritrea
• Mountains of Eritrea
  • Volcanoes in Eritrea
• Rivers of Eritrea
  • Waterfalls of Eritrea
• Valleys of Eritrea
• World Heritage Sites in Eritrea: None

Regions of Eritrea

Ecoregions of Eritrea

Main article: Ecoregions in Eritrea

Administrative divisions of Eritrea

Main article: Administrative divisions of Eritrea

• Regions of Eritrea
  • • Districts of Eritrea

Regions of Eritrea

Main article: Regions of Eritrea

Districts of Eritrea

Main article: Districts of Eritrea

Municipalities of Eritrea

• Capital of Eritrea: Asmara
• Cities of Eritrea

Demography of Eritrea

Main article: Demographics of Eritrea

Government and politics of Eritrea

Main article: Government of Eritrea and Politics of Eritrea

• Form of government: presidential republic
• Capital of Eritrea: Asmara

• Elections in Eritrea
  • (specific elections)
• Political parties in Eritrea
• Political scandals of Eritrea
• Taxation in Eritrea

Branches of the government of Eritrea

Main article: Government of Eritrea

Executive branch of the government of Eritrea

• Head of state: President of Eritrea,
• Head of government: Prime Minister of Eritrea,
• Cabinet of Eritrea

Legislative branch of the government of Eritrea

• Parliament of Eritrea (bicameral)
  • Upper house: Senate of Eritrea
  • Lower house: House of Commons of Eritrea

Judicial branch of the government of Eritrea

Main article: Court system of Eritrea

• Supreme Court of Eritrea

Foreign relations of Eritrea

Main article: Foreign relations of Eritrea

• Diplomatic missions in Eritrea
• Diplomatic missions of Eritrea

International organization membership

The State of Eritrea is a member of:^[1]

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP) African Development Bank Group (AfDB) African Union (AU) Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Group of 77 (G77) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Criminal Court (ICCt) (signatory) International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) International Development Association (IDA) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) (observer) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Olympic Committee (IOC)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (correspondent) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) League of Arab States (LAS) (observer) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Nonaligned Movement (NAM) Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) United Nations (UN) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Customs Organization (WCO) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) World Health Organization (WHO) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Law and order in Eritrea

Main article: Law of Eritrea

• Capital punishment in Eritrea
• Constitution of Eritrea
• Crime in Eritrea
• Human rights in Eritrea
  • LGBT rights in Eritrea
  • Freedom of religion in Eritrea
• Law enforcement in Eritrea

Military of Eritrea

Main article: Military of Eritrea

• Command
  • Commander-in-chief:
    • Ministry of Defence of Eritrea
• Forces
  • Army of Eritrea
  • Navy of Eritrea
  • Air Force of Eritrea
  • Special forces of Eritrea
• Military history of Eritrea
• Military ranks of Eritrea

Local government in Eritrea

Main article: Local government in Eritrea

History of Eritrea

Main article: History of Eritrea, Timeline of the history of Eritrea, and Current events of Eritrea

• Economic history of Eritrea
• Military history of Eritrea

Culture of Eritrea

Main article: Culture of Eritrea

• Architecture of Eritrea
• Cuisine of Eritrea
• Ethnic minorities in Eritrea
• Festivals in Eritrea
• Humor in Eritrea
• Languages of Eritrea
• Media in Eritrea
• National symbols of Eritrea
  • Coat of arms of Eritrea
  • Flag of Eritrea
  • National anthem of Eritrea
• People of Eritrea
• Prostitution in Eritrea
• Public holidays in Eritrea
• Records of Eritrea
• Religion in Eritrea
  • Buddhism in Eritrea
  • Christianity in Eritrea
  • Hinduism in Eritrea
  • Islam in Eritrea
  • Judaism in Eritrea
  • Sikhism in Eritrea
• World Heritage Sites in Eritrea: None

Art in Eritrea

• Art in Eritrea
• Cinema of Eritrea
• Literature of Eritrea
• Music of Eritrea
• Television in Eritrea
• Theatre in Eritrea

Sports in Eritrea

Main article: Sports in Eritrea

• Football in Eritrea
• Eritrea at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Eritrea

Main article: Economy of Eritrea

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 161st (one hundred and sixty first)

• Agriculture in Eritrea
• Banking in Eritrea
  • National Bank of Eritrea
• Communications in Eritrea
  • Internet in Eritrea
• Companies of Eritrea
• Currency of Eritrea: Nakfa
  • ISO 4217: ERN
• Economic history of Eritrea
• Energy in Eritrea
  • Energy policy of Eritrea
  • Oil industry in Eritrea
• Mining in Eritrea
• Eritrea Stock Exchange
• Tourism in Eritrea
• Transport in Eritrea
• Health care in Eritrea
• Transportation in Eritrea
  • Airports in Eritrea
  • Rail transport in Eritrea
  • Roads in Eritrea
• Water supply and sanitation in Eritrea

Education in Eritrea

Main article: Education in Eritrea

Health in Eritrea

Main article: Health in Eritrea

See also

	Eritrea portal
	Africa portal

Main article: Eritrea

• All pages beginning with "Eritrea"
• All pages with titles containing "Eritrea"
• All pages beginning with "Eritrean"
• All pages with titles containing "Eritrean"
• Index of Eritrea-related articles
• List of Eritrea-related topics
• List of international rankings
• Member state of the United Nations
• Outline of Africa
• Outline of geography

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Eritrea". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 7, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/er.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009. 
2. ^ Eritrea Regions
3. ^ "Eritrea – The spreading revolution". Encyclopædia Britannica Article. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-37675/Eritrea. Retrieved 2007-10-16. 
4. ^ "Country Profile:EritreaPDF (128 KiB). Library of Congress. Retrieved 18 July 2006
5. ^ The only glaciers in Africa are on Mt Kenya (in Kenya), on Kilimanjaro (in Tanzania), and in the Ruwenzori Mountains (which are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). See Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978): IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Eritrea

Government

• Official website of the Ministry of Information of Eritrea
• Official website of the Ministry of Education of Eritrea

Refugee Assistance

• Video footage from Shimelba refugee camp, ways to help, USCRI work

Other

• Documentary on Womens liberation in Eritrea
• Tigrinya online learning with numbers, alphabet and history [Eritrea and north Ethiopia (Tigray-Province)]
• Ferrovia eritrea Eritrean Railway
• Eritrea About Eritrea
• CIA World Factbook - Eritrea
• Extract from Justin Hill's Ciao Asmara in The Globalist Magazine
• History of Eritrea: First recordings - Munzinger - exploitation by colonialism and fight against colonialism (Italy, England, Ethiopia, Soviet Union, USA, Israel) - independence
• The Carter Center information on Eritrea (chronology)