Nucleoside analogue

Nucleoside analogues are a range of antiviral products used to prevent viral replication in infected cells. The most commonly used is Acyclovir, although its inclusion in this category is uncertain, as it contains only a partial nucleoside structure, as the sugar ring is replaced by an open-chain structure.

Function

These agents can be used against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex, and HIV. Once they are phosphorylated, they work as antimetabolites by being similar enough to nucleotides to be incorporated into growing DNA strands; but they act as chain terminators and stop viral DNA Polymerase. They are not specific to viral DNA and also affect mitochondrial DNA. Because of this they have side effects such as bone marrow suppression.

There is a large family of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, because DNA production by reverse transcriptase is very different from normal human DNA replication, so it is possible to design nucleoside analogues that are preferentially incorporated by the former. Some nucleoside analogues, however, can function both as NRTIs and polymerase inhibitors for other viruses (e.g., hepatitis B). Less selective nucleoside analogues are used as chemotherapy agents to treat cancer.

Resistance

Resistance can develop quickly with as little as one mutation.^{[citation needed]} Mutations occur in the enzymes that phosphorylate the drug to activate it.

Examples

Nucleoside analogue drugs include:

• deoxyadenosine analogues
  • Didanosine (ddI)(HIV)
  • Vidarabine (chemotherapy)
• deoxycytidine analogues
  • Cytarabine (chemotherapy)
  • Emtricitabine (FTC)(HIV)
  • Lamivudine (3TC)(HIV, hepatitis B)
  • Zalcitabine (ddC)(HIV)
• deoxyguanosine analogues
  • Abacavir (HIV)
  • Entecavir (hepatitis B)
• (deoxy-)thymidine analogues
  • Stavudine (d4T)
  • Telbivudine (hepatitis B)
  • Zidovudine (azidothymidine, or AZT)(HIV)
• deoxyuridine analogues
  • Idoxuridine
  • Trifluridine

Related drugs are nucleobase analogues such as Aciclovir and nucleotide analogues.

See also

• For nucleoside analogues in biology, see Nucleic acid analogues

This antiinfective drug article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Antivirals Nucleosides Antiinfective agent stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР Nucleoside-triphosphate—adenylate kinase Nucleoside phosphoramidite Look at other dictionaries: nucleoside analogue — a structural analogue of a nucleoside, including both purine analogues and pyrimidine analogues …   Medical dictionary nucleoside analogue — A synthetic molecule that resembles a naturally occurring nucleoside …   Glossary of Biotechnology Nucleoside analogues — are a range of antiviral products used to prevent viral replication in infected cells. The most commonly used is Aciclovir. FunctionThey work as antimetabolites by being similar enough to nucleosides to be incorporated into growing DNA strands,… …   Wikipedia Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor — Reverse Transkriptase des HIV 1 Nukleosidische Reverse Transkriptase Inhibitoren (engl. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, NRTI) sind Arzneistoffe aus der Gruppe der Virostatika. Es handelt sich um Nukleosid Analoga, die den natürlichen …   Deutsch Wikipedia Nucleoside triphosphate — (NTP) is a nucleoside with three phosphates. Natural nucleoside triphosphates include adenosine triphosphate (ATP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP), 5 methyluridine triphosphate (m5UTP), and uridine triphosphate (UTP).… …   Wikipedia Nucleoside — Nitrogenous base Nucleoside Deoxynucleoside Adenine Adenosine A …   Wikipedia Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors — (NRTIs and NtRTIs) began in the 1980s when the AIDS epidemic hit Western societies. NRTIs inhibit the reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that controls the replication of the genetic material of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first …   Wikipedia non-nucleoside — non nu·cle·o·side (nŏn no͞oʹklē ə sīd , nyo͞oʹ ) n. Any of a structurally diverse group of antiviral agents, including delavirdine and nevirapine, that inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase and are used to treat HIV. Also called non nucleoside …   Universalium nucleosideanalogue — nucleoside analogue n. Any of a group of antiviral drugs, including AZT, DDC, and DDI, that interfere with the activity of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase and are used in the treatment of HIV. * * * …   Universalium Ribavirin — Systematic (IUPAC) name 1 [(2R,3R,4S,5R) 3,4 dihydroxy 5 (hydroxymethyl)oxolan 2 yl] 1H 1,2,4 triazole 3 carboxamide Clinical data …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”