Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1

Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1
Identifiers
Symbols	COL17A1; BA16H23.2; BP180; BPAG2; FLJ60881; KIAA0204; LAD-1
External IDs	OMIM: 113811 MGI: 88450 HomoloGene: 7276 GeneCards: COL17A1 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • protein binding Cellular component • extracellular region • collagen • basement membrane • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • cell-cell junction • hemidesmosome Biological process • cell-matrix adhesion • epidermis development • hemidesmosome assembly • hemidesmosome assembly • cell junction assembly Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1308	12821
Ensembl	ENSG00000065618	ENSMUSG00000025064
UniProt	Q9UMD9	Q08AT3
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000494.3	NM_007732.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000485.3	NP_031758.2
Location (UCSC)	Chr 10: 105.79 – 105.85 Mb	Chr 19: 47.72 – 47.77 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Collagen XVII, previously called BP180, is a transmembrane protein which plays a critical role in maintaining the linkage between the intracellular and the extracellular structural elements involved in epidermal adhesion ^[1].

This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XVII collagen. Unlike most collagens, collagen XVII is a transmembrane protein. Collagen XVII is a structural component of hemidesmosomes, multiprotein complexes at the dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone that mediate adhesion of keratinocytes to the underlying membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with both generalized atrophic benign and junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Two homotrimeric forms of type XVII collagen exist. The full length form is the transmembrane protein. A soluble form, referred to as either ectodomain or LAD-1, is generated by proteolytic processing of the full length form.^[2]

Structure

Collagen XVII is a homotrimer of three alpha1(XVII)-chains ^[3] and a transmembrane protein in type II orientation. Each 180 kD a-chain contains a globular intracellular domain of approximately 70 kDa, which interacts with beta4-integrin, plectin, and BP230 ^[4][5] and is necessary for the stable attachment of hemidesmosomes to keratin intermediate filaments. The large C-terminal ectodomain with a molecular mass of approximately 120 kDa consists of 15 collagenous subdomains, characterized by typical collagenous G-X-Y repeat sequences, flanked by 16 short non-collagenous stretches. The overall structure of the ectodomain is that of a flexible, rod-like triple helix ^[6][7] with a significant thermal stability ^[8][9]. The membrane proximal part of the ectodomain, within amino acids 506-519, is responsible for binding to alpha 6 integrin, this binding seems to be important for the collagen XVII integration into hemidesmosomes. The largest collagenous domain, Col15, which contains 232 amino acids (amino acids 567-808), contributes significantly to stability of collagen XVII homotrimer. The C-terminus of collagen XVII binds to laminin 5, and correct integration of laminin 5 into the matrix requires collagen XVII.

Pathology

Mutations in the human collagen XVII gene, COL17A1, lead to the absence or structural alterations of collagen XVII ^[10]. The functional consequences include diminished epidermal adhesion and skin blistering in response to minimal shearing forces . The disorder is called junctional epidermolysis bullosa, an autosomal recessive skin disease with variable clinical phenotypes. Morphological characteristics of junctional epidermolysis bullosa are rudimentary hemidesmosomes and subepidermal tissue separation. Clinical hallmarks, in addition to blisters and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes, include nail dystrophy, loss of hair, and dental anomalies. Collagen XVII also plays a role as an autoantigen in acquired subepithelial blistering disorders ^[11]. Most immunodominant epitopes lie within the NC16A domain, and the binding of the autoantibodies perturbs adhesive functions of the collagen XVII, and this (together with inflammation-related processes) leads to epidermal-dermal separation and skin blistering.

Shedding

Collagen XVII is constitutively shed from the keratinocyte surface within NC16A domain by TACE (TNF-Alpha Converting Enzyme), metalloproteinase of the ADAM family ^[12]. The shedding is lipid raft dependent ^[13]. Collagen XVII is extracellularly phosphorylated by ecto-casein kinase 2 within the NC16A domain, phosphorylation negatively regulates ectodomain shedding ^[14].

Interactions

Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with Keratin 18,^[15] Actinin alpha 4,^[16] Dystonin,^[17][5] Actinin, alpha 1,^[16] CTNND1^[18] and ITGB4.^[19][20]

References

1. ^ Franzke, C. W.; Bruckner, P.; Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (2005). "Collagenous transmembrane proteins: recent insights into biology and pathology". J Biol. Chem. 280: 4005–4008. doi:10.1074/jbc.R400034200. 
2. ^ "Entrez Gene: COL17A1 collagen, type XVII, alpha 1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1308. 
3. ^ Hirako, Y.; Usukura, J.; Nishizawa, Y.; Owaribe, K. (1996). "Demonstration of the molecular shape of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen and its potential for trimer formation". J Biol. Chem. 271 (23): 13739–13745. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.23.13739. PMID 8662839. 
4. ^ Hopkinson, S. B.; Findlay, K.; Jones, J. C.; Jones, JC (1998). "Interaction of BP180 (type XVII collagen) and alpha 6 integrin is necessary for stabilization of hemidesmosome structure". J.Invest Dermatol 111 (6): 1015–1022. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00452.x. PMID 9856810. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Hopkinson, S B; Jones J C (Jan. 2000). "The N terminus of the transmembrane protein BP180 interacts with the N-terminal domain of BP230, thereby mediating keratin cytoskeleton anchorage to the cell surface at the site of the hemidesmosome". Mol. Biol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 11 (1): 277–86. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 14774. PMID 10637308. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=14774. 
6. ^ Hirako, Y.; Usukura, J.; Nishizawa, Y.; Owaribe, K. (1996). "Demonstration of the molecular shape of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen and its potential for trimer formation". J Biol. Chem. 271 (23): 13739–13745. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.23.13739. PMID 8662839. 
7. ^ Hirako, Y.; Usukura, J.; Uematsu, J.; Hashimoto, T.; Kitajima, Y.; Owaribe, K. (1998). "Cleavage of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen, yields a 120-kDa collagenous extracellular polypeptide". J Biol. Chem. 273: 9711–9717. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.16.9711. 
8. ^ Schacke, H.; Schumann, H.; Hammami-Hauasli, N.; Raghunath, M.; Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (1998). "Two forms of collagen XVII in keratinocytes. A full-length transmembrane protein and a soluble ectodomain". J Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 25937–25943. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.25937. PMID 9748270. 
9. ^ Areida, S. K.; Reinhardt, D. P.; Muller, P. K.; Fietzek, P. P.; Kowitz, J.; Marinkovich, M. P.; Notbohm, H. (2001). "Properties of the collagen type XVII ectodomain. Evidence for n- to c-terminal triple helix folding". J Biol. Chem. 276: 1594–1601. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008709200. 
10. ^ Zillikens, D.; Giudice, G. J. (1999). "BP180/type XVII collagen: its role in acquired and inherited disorders or the dermal-epidermal junction". Arch Dermatol. Res 291 (4): 187–194. doi:10.1007/s004030050392. PMID 10335914. 
11. ^ Zillikens, D. (1999). "Acquired skin disease of hemidesmosomes". J.Dermatol. Sci. 20 (2): 134–154. doi:10.1016/S0923-1811(99)00019-5. PMID 10379705. 
12. ^ Franzke, C. W.; Tasanen, K.; Borradori, L.; Huotari, V.; Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (2004). "Shedding of collagen XVII/BP180: structural motifs influence cleavage from cell surface". J Biol. Chem. 279: 24521–24529. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308835200. 
13. ^ Zimina EP, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Franzke CW. (2005). "Shedding of collagen XVII ectodomain depends on plasma membrane microenvironment". J Biol Chem 280 (40): 34019–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M503751200. PMID 16020548. 
14. ^ Zimina EP, Fritsch A, Schermer B, Bakulina AY, Bashkurov M, Benzing T, Bruckner-Tuderman L. (2007). "Extracellular phosphorylation of collagen XVII by ecto-casein kinase 2 inhibits ectodomain shedding". J Biol Chem 282 (31): 22737–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M701937200. PMID 17545155. 
15. ^ Aho, S; Uitto J (Mar. 1999). "180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen/type XVII collagen: tissue-specific expression and molecular interactions with keratin 18". J. Cell. Biochem. (UNITED STATES) 72 (3): 356–67. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990301)72:3<356::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-M. ISSN 0730-2312. PMID 10022517. 
16. ^ ^{a b} Gonzalez, A M; Otey C, Edlund M, Jones J C (Dec. 2001). "Interactions of a hemidesmosome component and actinin family members". J. Cell. Sci. (England) 114 (Pt 23): 4197–206. ISSN 0021-9533. PMID 11739652. 
17. ^ Koster, Jan; Geerts Dirk, Favre Bertrand, Borradori Luca, Sonnenberg Arnoud (Jan. 2003). "Analysis of the interactions between BP180, BP230, plectin and the integrin alpha6beta4 important for hemidesmosome assembly". J. Cell. Sci. (England) 116 (Pt 2): 387–99. doi:10.1242/jcs.00241. ISSN 0021-9533. PMID 12482924. 
18. ^ Aho, S; Rothenberger K, Uitto J (Jun. 1999). "Human p120ctn catenin: tissue-specific expression of isoforms and molecular interactions with BP180/type XVII collagen". J. Cell. Biochem. (UNITED STATES) 73 (3): 390–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990601)73:3<390::AID-JCB10>3.0.CO;2-1. ISSN 0730-2312. PMID 10321838. 
19. ^ Aho, S; Uitto J (Feb. 1998). "Direct interaction between the intracellular domains of bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180) and beta 4 integrin, hemidesmosomal components of basal keratinocytes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (UNITED STATES) 243 (3): 694–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8162. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 9500991. 
20. ^ Schaapveld, R Q; Borradori L, Geerts D, van Leusden M R, Kuikman I, Nievers M G, Niessen C M, Steenbergen R D, Snijders P J, Sonnenberg A (Jul. 1998). "Hemidesmosome formation is initiated by the beta4 integrin subunit, requires complex formation of beta4 and HD1/plectin, and involves a direct interaction between beta4 and the bullous pemphigoid antigen 180". J. Cell Biol. (UNITED STATES) 142 (1): 271–84. doi:10.1083/jcb.142.1.271. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2133016. PMID 9660880. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2133016. 

Further reading

• Giudice GJ, Emery DJ, Diaz LA (1992). "Cloning and primary structural analysis of the bullous pemphigoid autoantigen BP180.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 99 (3): 243–50. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12616580. PMID 1324962. 
• Li KH, Sawamura D, Giudice GJ, et al. (1992). "Genomic organization of collagenous domains and chromosomal assignment of human 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen-2, a novel collagen of stratified squamous epithelium.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (35): 24064–9. PMID 1748679. 
• Sawamura D, Li KH, Nomura K, et al. (1991). "Bullous pemphigoid antigen: cDNA cloning, cellular expression, and evidence for polymorphism of the human gene.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 96 (6): 908–15. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12475433. PMID 2045679. 
• McGrath JA, Gatalica B, Christiano AM, et al. (1995). "Mutations in the 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG2), a hemidesmosomal transmembrane collagen (COL17A1), in generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa.". Nat. Genet. 11 (1): 83–6. doi:10.1038/ng0995-83. PMID 7550320. 
• Myers JC, Sun MJ, D'Ippolito JA, et al. (1993). "Human cDNA clones transcribed from an unusually high-molecular-weight RNA encode a new collagen chain.". Gene 123 (2): 211–7. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90126-N. PMID 7916703. 
• Hirako Y, Usukura J, Nishizawa Y, Owaribe K (1996). "Demonstration of the molecular shape of BP180, a 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen and its potential for trimer formation.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (23): 13739–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.23.13739. PMID 8662839. 
• McGrath JA, Gatalica B, Li K, et al. (1996). "Compound heterozygosity for a dominant glycine substitution and a recessive internal duplication mutation in the type XVII collagen gene results in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and abnormal dentition.". Am. J. Pathol. 148 (6): 1787–96. PMC 1861650. PMID 8669466. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1861650. 
• Gatalica B, Pulkkinen L, Li K, et al. (1997). "Cloning of the human type XVII collagen gene (COL17A1), and detection of novel mutations in generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60 (2): 352–65. PMC 1712405. PMID 9012408. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1712405. 
• Jonkman MF, Scheffer H, Stulp R, et al. (1997). "Revertant mosaicism in epidermolysis bullosa caused by mitotic gene conversion.". Cell 88 (4): 543–51. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81894-2. PMID 9038345. 
• Borradori L, Koch PJ, Niessen CM, et al. (1997). "The localization of bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180) in hemidesmosomes is mediated by its cytoplasmic domain and seems to be regulated by the beta4 integrin subunit.". J. Cell Biol. 136 (6): 1333–47. doi:10.1083/jcb.136.6.1333. PMC 2132520. PMID 9087447. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2132520. 
• Schumann H, Hammami-Hauasli N, Pulkkinen L, et al. (1997). "Three novel homozygous point mutations and a new polymorphism in the COL17A1 gene: relation to biological and clinical phenotypes of junctional epidermolysis bullosa.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60 (6): 1344–53. doi:10.1086/515463. PMC 1716115. PMID 9199555. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1716115. 
• Chavanas S, Gache Y, Tadini G, et al. (1997). "A homozygous in-frame deletion in the collagenous domain of bullous pemphigoid antigen BP180 (type XVII collagen) causes generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 109 (1): 74–8. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276614. PMID 9204958. 
• Darling TN, Yee C, Koh B, et al. (1998). "Cycloheximide facilitates the identification of aberrant transcripts resulting from a novel splice-site mutation in COL17A1 in a patient with generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 110 (2): 165–9. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00103.x. PMID 9457913. 
• Aho S, Uitto J (1998). "Direct interaction between the intracellular domains of bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180) and beta 4 integrin, hemidesmosomal components of basal keratinocytes.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243 (3): 694–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8162. PMID 9500991. 
• Aho S, McLean WH, Li K, Uitto J (1998). "cDNA cloning, mRNA expression, and chromosomal mapping of human and mouse periplakin genes.". Genomics 48 (2): 242–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5188. PMID 9521878. 
• Schaapveld RQ, Borradori L, Geerts D, et al. (1998). "Hemidesmosome formation is initiated by the beta4 integrin subunit, requires complex formation of beta4 and HD1/plectin, and involves a direct interaction between beta4 and the bullous pemphigoid antigen 180.". J. Cell Biol. 142 (1): 271–84. doi:10.1083/jcb.142.1.271. PMC 2133016. PMID 9660880. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2133016. 
• Ishiko A, Shimizu H, Masunaga T, et al. (1998). "97 kDa linear IgA bullous dermatosis antigen localizes in the lamina lucida between the NC16A and carboxyl terminal domains of the 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 111 (1): 93–6. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00231.x. PMID 9665393. 
• Floeth M, Fiedorowicz J, Schäcke H, et al. (1998). "Novel homozygous and compound heterozygous COL17A1 mutations associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 111 (3): 528–33. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00325.x. PMID 9740252. 
• Schäcke H, Schumann H, Hammami-Hauasli N, et al. (1998). "Two forms of collagen XVII in keratinocytes. A full-length transmembrane protein and a soluble ectodomain.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 25937–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.40.25937. PMID 9748270. 
• Aho S, Uitto J (1999). "180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen/type XVII collagen: tissue-specific expression and molecular interactions with keratin 18.". J. Cell. Biochem. 72 (3): 356–67. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990301)72:3<356::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-M. PMID 10022517.