List of Spaniards

This is a list, in alphabetical order within categories, of notable people who either:
* are or were Spanish citizens during at least one period of their life,
* were born in Spain or in the territory of present-day Spain, but who were not or are not Spanish citizens (either because Spain did not exist at the time of their life or because they had or have another citizenship). The names of people of this category are "italicized".

:"Note: The same person may appear under several headings."

Actors

*Victoria Abril (born 1957)
*Ana Belén (born 1951)
*Elena Anaya (born 1975)
*Antonio Banderas (born 1960)
*Javier Bardem (born 1969)
*Pilar Bardem (born 1939)
*Juan Diego Botto (born 1975)
*Celso Bugallo (born 1947)
*Mark Consuelos (born 1970)
*Penélope Cruz (born 1974)
*Gabino Diego (born 1966)
*Angelines Fernández (1922–1994)
*Fernando Fernán Gómez (1921-2007)
*Sancho Gracia (born 1936)
*Alfredo Landa (born 1933)
*Sergi López (born 1965)
*Jordi Mollà (born 1968)
*Sara Montiel (born 1928)
*Paul Naschy (born 1934)
*Marisa Paredes (born 1946)
*Francisco Rabal (1926–2001)
*Fernando Rey (1917–1994)
*Fernando Sancho (1916–1990)
*Paz Vega (born 1976)

Artists

*David Aja Comics artist.
*Salvador Dalí (1904–1989), surrealist artist.
*Pasqual Ferry Comics artist.
*Francisco de Goya (1746–1828), painter and engraver.
*El Greco (1541–1614), painter and sculptor.
*Juan Gris (1887–1927), cubist painter.
*Jesús Mari Lazkano (born 1960), painter.
*Joan Miró (1893–1983), painter, sculptor and ceramist.
*Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1618–1682), painter.
*Carlos Pacheco (born 1961) Comics artist.
*Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), painter and sculptor, co-founder of cubism.
*Fernando Rivero (born 1928), Still Life painter.
*Antoni Tàpies (born 1923), abstract expressionist painter.
*Darío Urzay (born 1958), painter, graphic artist.
*Diego Velázquez (1599–1660), painter.
*Ignacio Zuloaga (1870–1945), painter.
*Francisco de Zurbarán (1598–1644), painter.

Architects

*Ricardo Bofill (born 1939), one of the main representatives of postmodernism in architecture.
*Santiago Calatrava (born 1951), 2005 AIA Gold Medal Laureate.
*Ildefons Cerdà (1815–1876), urban planner who designed the 19th-century extension of Barcelona (Eixample).
*Lluís Domènech i Montaner (1850–1923), brilliant contemporary of better known fellow citizen Gaudí.
*Miguel Fisac (1913–2006)
*Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), known for his unfinished masterwork "La Sagrada Família".
*Juan de Herrera (1530–1593), helped to plan El Escorial; his style influenced Spanish architecture for centuries.
*Enric Miralles (1955–2000), built the Scottish Parliament (finished in 2004, after his death).
*Rafael Moneo (born 1937), 1996 Pritzker Prize Laureate.
*Josep Lluís Sert (1902–1983), member of the GATCPAC group, exiled, Professor at Harvard University.

Explorers and conquistadores

*Catalina de la Cadena Maluenda*Antonio De La Cadena Maluenda (1525), brother and sister. Catalina married Gonzalo Salazar. Antonio was an accountant, later Treasurer of New Spain, his family funded the failed Onate Expedition into San Juan de los Caballeros, Northern New Spain Santa Fe, New Mexico Silver Miners.

*Lope de Aguirre (1511–1561), soldier and adventurer, explored the Amazon River looking for El Dorado.
*Diego de Almagro (1475–1538), explorer and conquistador, first European in Chile.
*Juan Bautista de Anza (1736–1788), soldier and explorer, founded San Francisco, California.
*Fray Tomás de Berlanga (1487–1551), bishop of Panama, discovered the Galápagos Islands.
*Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (c. 1490 – c. 1559), first European to explore the southwestern of what is now the United States (1527–1536), also explored South America (1540–1542).
*Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo (1499–1543), explorer, founded the city of San Diego, California.
*Gabriel de Castilla (1577–1620), sailor; in 1603 he became probably the first man ever to sight Antarctica.
*Cosme Damián Churruca (1761–1805), explorer, astronomer and naval officer, mapped the Strait of Magellan (1788–1789).
*Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (c. 1510 – 1554), explored New Mexico and other parts of the southwest of what is now the United States (1540–1542).
*Hernán Cortés (1485–1547), conquistador of the Aztec Empire, explorer of Baja California Peninsula.
*Juan Sebastián Elcano (1476–1526), explorer and sailor, first man to circumnavigate the world.
*Gaspar de Espinosa (1467/1477 – 1537), soldier and explorer, first European to reach the coast of Nicaragua, co-founder of Panama City.
*Salvador Fidalgo (1756–1803), naval officer and cartographer, explored Alaska in 1790, he named Cordova, Port Gravina, and Valdez.
*Miguel López de Legazpi (1502–1572), explored and conquered the Philippine Islands in 1565.
*Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475–1519), first European to sight the Pacific Ocean, founder of Darién.
*Francisco de Orellana (c. 1500 – c. 1549), first European to explore the Amazon River.
*Pedrarias Dávila (Pedro Arias de Ávila, 1440–1531), conquistador, founder of Panama and governor of Nicaragua.
*Francisco Pizarro (1471–1541), conqueror of the Inca Empire in Peru.
*Juan Ponce de León (1460–1521), first European to explore Florida (1513); he founded the first European settlement in Puerto Rico (1508).
*Gaspar de Portolà (c. 1717 – aft. 1784), explorer, founder of Monterey (California).
*|Hernando de Soto (1500–1542), explorer and conquistador, first European to explore the plains of eastern North America; discovered the Mississippi river and the Ohio river.
*Pedro de Valdivia (c. 1500 – 1554), conquistador of Chile, founder of Santiago, Concepción, and Valdivia.

Film directors

*Pedro Almodóvar (born 1949)
*Alejandro Amenábar (born 1972)
*Montxo Armendáriz (born 1949)
*Carlos Atanes (born 1971)
*Juanma Bajo Ulloa (born 1967)
*Jaume Balagueró (born 1968)
*Juan Antonio Bardem (1922–2002)
*Icíar Bollaín (born 1967)
*José Luis Borau (born 1929)
*Luis Buñuel (1900–1983)
*Mario Camus (born 1935)
*Segundo de Chomón (1871-1929)
*Isabel Coixet (born 1962)
*Agustín Díaz Yanes (born 1950)
*Víctor Erice (born 1940)
*Fernando Fernán Gómez (born 1921)
*Jesús Franco (born 1930)
*José Luis Garci (born 1944)
*Luis García Berlanga (born 1921)
*Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón (born 1942)
*Álex de la Iglesia (born 1965)
*Fernando León de Aranoa (born 1968)
*Bigas Luna (born 1946)
*Julio Medem (born 1958)
*Fernando Méndez Leite (born 1944)
*Pilar Miró (1940–1997)
*Paul Naschy (born 1934)
*Amando de Ossorio
*Ventura Pons (born 1945)
*José Luis Sáenz de Heredia (1911–1992)
*Carlos Saura (born 1932)
*Santiago Segura (born 1965)
*David Trueba (born 1969)
*Fernando Trueba (born 1955)
*Benito Zambrano (born 1964)
*Iván Zulueta (born 1943)

Leaders and politicians

Medieval ancestors

*"Pelayo of Asturias" (690–737), founding king of the Kingdom of Asturias.
*"Abd-ar-Rahman III" (891–961), Emir (912–929) and Caliph of Cordoba (929–961).
*"Al-Mansur" (c. 938 – 1002), de facto ruler of Muslim Al-Andalus in late 10th - early 11th centuries.
*"Alfonso X of Castile" (1221–1284).
*"James I of Aragon" (1208–1276).

Modern

*Isabella of Castile, "the Catholic" (1451–1504), Queen of Castile and Leon (1474–1504, with Ferdinand).
*Ferdinand II, "the Catholic" (1452–1516), King of Aragon (1479–1516), Castile and Leon (1474–1504, with Isabella), Sicily (1479–1516), Naples (1504–1516) and Valencia (1479–1516).
*Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517), cardinal, statesman, and regent of Spain.
*Juana of Castile frequently called "the Mad", queen of Castile and Leon. Daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand.
*Charles V (1500–1558), Holy Roman Emperor (1530-1556 but did not formally abdicate until 1558), ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506–1555), King of Spain (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily (1516-1554), Archduke of Austria (1519–1521), King of the Romans (or German King). Though he is often referred to as "Carlos V", he ruled officially as "Carlos I", hence Charles I of Spain.
*Philip II (1526–1598), King of Spain (1556–1598).
*Philip V (1683–1746), King of Spain (1700–1746).
*Charles III (1716–1788), King of Spain (1759–1788).
*Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), King of Spain (1813–1833).

Contemporary

*Leopoldo O'Donnell, Duke of Tetuan (1809–1867), general and Prime Minister (1856; 1858–1863; 1864–1866).
*Juan Prim (1814–1870), general, liberal leader, revolutionary and statesman.
*Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897), Prime Minister.
*20th and 21st centuries:
**Manuel Azaña (1880–1940), Premier (twice) and President during the Second Spanish Republic.
**José María Aznar (born 1953), Prime Minister (1996–2004).
**Josep Borrell (born 1947), President of the European Parliament (2004–2007).
**Buenaventura Durruti (1896–1936), anarchist leader.
**Francisco Franco (1892–1975), Army general and dictator, ruled Spain for 41 years as ""Caudillo"" (1939–1975).
**Felipe González (born 1942), Prime Minister (1982–1996).
**Juan Carlos I (born 1938), King of Spain since 1975.
**Rodrigo Rato (born 1949), Managing Director of the IMF since 4 May 2004.
**Adolfo Suárez (born 1932), Prime Minister (1976–1981).
**Javier Solana (born 1942), Secretary General of NATO (1995–1999) and High Representative (since 1999) of the CFSP of the Council of the European Union.
**José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 1960), Prime Minister since 2004.

Literature

A–D

*Pedro Antonio de Alarcón (1833–1891), novelist.
*Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (c. 1581 – 1639), dramatist.
*Rafael Alberti (1902–1999), poet, Cervantes Prize Laureate (1983).
*Mateo Alemán (1547 – c. 1609), novelist.
*Vicente Aleixandre (1888–1984), poet, Nobel Prize Laureate (1977).
*Dámaso Alonso, poet, Cervantes Prize Laureate (1978).
*Francisco Ayala (born 1906), novelist, Cervantes Prize Laureate (1991).
*Azorín (José Martínez Ruiz) (1863–1967), journalist, poet, novelist and essayist.
*Pío Baroja (1872–1956), novelist.
*Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1836–1870), romantic poet and tale writer.
*Jacinto Benavente (1866–1954), dramatist, Nobel Prize Laureate (1922).
*Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1867–1928), novelist, wrote "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" (1916).
*Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916–2000), playwright.
*Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600–1681), playwright and poet.
*Rosalía de Castro (1837–1885), poet.
*Camilo José Cela (1916–2002), novelist, Nobel Prize Laureate (1989).
*Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), novelist, poet and playwright, author of "Don Quixote" (1605 & 1615).
*Mercedes Deambrosis (born 1955), novelist
*Baltasar del Alcázar (1530–1606), poet
*Miguel Delibes (born 1920), novelist, Cervantes Prize Laureate (1993).
*Agustín Díaz Pacheco (born 1953), journalist and novelist.
*Gerardo Diego (1896–1987), poet, Cervantes Prize Laureate (1979).

E–H

*José Echegaray (1832–1916), dramatist, Nobel Prize Laureate (1904).
*Vicente Espinel (1550–1624), poet and novelist.
*Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1760–1828), dramatist and neoclassical poet.
*José María Gabriel y Galán (1870–1905), poet.
*Antonio Gala (born 1936), poet, dramatist and novelist.
*Benito Pérez Galdós (1843–1920), novelist.
*Federico García Lorca (1898–1936), poet and dramatist.
*Luis de Góngora (1561–1627), lyric poet.
*Jorge Guillén (1893–1984), poet, Cervantes Prize Laureate (1976).

I–L

*Juan Ramón Jiménez (1881–1958), poet, Nobel Prize Laureate (1956).
*John of the Cross (1542–1591), mystic poet.
*Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (1744–1811), main figure of the Spanish Age of Enlightenment, philosopher, statesman, poet and essayist.
*Jon Juaristi (born 1951), poet and essayist.
*Mariano José de Larra (1809–1837), literary journalist.
*Fray Luis de León (1527–1591), poet of the Spanish Golden Age.
*Torcuato Luca de Tena (1923–1999), novelist, journalist and lawyer.

M–P

*Antonio Machado (1875–1939), poet.
*Salvador de Madariaga (1886–1978), essayist.
*Jorge Manrique (1440–1479), poet.
*Javier Marías (born 1951), novelist and translator.
*Juan Marsé (born 1933), novelist.
*Joanot Martorell (1413–1468), author of the first novel, "Tirant lo Blanc" (1490).
*Eduardo Mendoza (born 1943), writer.
*Agustín Moreto y Cavana (1618–1661), dramatist and playwright.
*José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955), essayist.
*Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851–1921), novelist.
*Arturo Pérez-Reverte (born 1951), best-selling novelist and journalist.

Q–T

*Francisco de Quevedo (1580–1645), novelist, essayist and poet, master of Conceptism.
*Fernando de Rojas (1465–1541), novelist, author of "La Celestina" (1499).
*Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla (1607–1660), dramatist.
*Carlos Ruiz Zafón (born 1964), best-selling novelist.
*Pedro Salinas (1891–1951), poet.
*Ramón J. Sender (1901–1982), novelist and journalist.
*Tirso de Molina (1571–1648), playwright.
*Andrés Trapiello (born 1953), novelist, poet, Essay' author.

U–Z

*Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1931), existentialist author and essayist.
*Ramón María del Valle-Inclán (1866–1936), dramatist, novelist and member of the Generation of 98.
*Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa (born 1936), novelist.
*Garcilaso de la Vega (1501–1586), Renaissance poet.
*"El Inca" Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616), first "mestizo" author in Spanish language.
*Félix Lope de Vega (1562–1635), poet and playwright.
*Cristóbal Zaragoza (1923–1999), novelist and philosopher, Planeta Prize Laureate 1981.
*María de Zayas y Sotomayor (1590–1660), novelist.
*José Zorrilla y Moral (1817–1893), poet and dramatist, author of "Don Juan Tenorio" (1844).

Military

*3rd Duke of Alba (Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 1507–1582), general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands (1567–1573).
*Don Juan de Austria (1547–1578), general and admiral; he defeated Ali Pacha in the Battle of Lepanto (1571).
*Blas de Lezo (1687–1741), admiral, leading 6 warships and 3.700 men defeated a British invasion force of 28.000 troops and 128 warships, during the Siege of Cartagena, in 1741.
*Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz (1526–1588), admiral.
*Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén (1758–1852), general; he defeated Dupont in the Battle of Bailén (1808).
*"El Cid" (Rodrigo 'Ruy' Díaz de Vivar, c. 1045 – 1099), knight and hero.
*Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, "El Gran Capitán" (1453–1515), general and strategist of Early modern warfare.
*Francisco Franco (1892–1975), general; from 1939 dictator and formal Head of State of Spain.
*Bernardo de Gálvez (1746–1786), Field Marshal and governor of Louisiana, Spanish hero of the American Revolution.
*Juan Martín Díez, "El Empecinado" (1775–1825), head of guerrilla bands promoted to Brigadier-General of cavalry during the Peninsular War.
*Casto Méndez Núñez (1830–1880), admiral.
*Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto (c. 1460 – 1528), prominent military and general.
*Álvaro Navia-Osorio Vigil, Marquis of Santa Cruz de Marcenado, (1684–1732), general, author of the treatise Reflexiones Militares (Military Reflections)
*Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, (1545–1592), Spanish general and Military governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
*Ambrosio Spinola, marqués de los Balbases (1569–1630), general.
*Fernando Villaamil (1845–1898), naval officer, designer of the first destroyer warship.

Musicians

*Xavier Cugat (1900–1990), bandleader.
*Alberto Iglesias (born 1955), film music composer.
*Paco de Lucía (born 1947), guitarist.
*Carlos Núñez (born 1971), bagpipes and Galician (Celtic) music performer.
*Jordi Savall (born 1941), film music composer.
*Julio Iglesias , singer
*Enrique Iglesias, singer
*Enrique Urquijo, founder of the band Los Secretos with his brother Álvaro, lead voice and composer

Classical

*Isaac Albéniz (1860–1909), composer.
*Pau Casals (1876–1973), cello player and conductor.
*Manuel de Falla (1876–1946), composer.
*Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos (born 1933), conductor.
*Enrique Granados (1867–1916), composer.
*Enrique Jordá (1911–1996), conductor, music director of the San Francisco Symphony (1954–1963).
*Alicia de Larrocha (born 1923), pianist.
*Luis de Pablo (born 1930), composer.
*Joaquín Rodrigo (1901–1999), composer and pianist, known for his "Concierto de Aranjuez".
*Gaspar Sanz (1640–1710), composer, dominate figure of Spanish baroque music.
*Jordi Savall (born 1941), early and baroque music conductor and viol player.
*Andrés Segovia (1893–1987), classical guitarist.
*Antonio Soler (1729–1783), composer, known for his harpsichord sonatas.
*Francisco Tárrega (1852–1909), composer and classical guitarist.
*Joaquín Turina (1882–1949), composer.
*Tomás Luis de Victoria (1548–1611), the most famous composer of the 16th century (late Renaissance) in Spain.
*Opera singers
**Victoria de los Ángeles (born 1923), soprano.
**Teresa Berganza (born 1935), mezzo-soprano.
**Montserrat Caballé (born 1933), soprano.
**Emma Calvé (1858–1942), soprano.
**José Carreras (born 1946), one of "The Three Tenors".
**Antonio Cortis (1891-1952), tenor.
**Plácido Domingo (born 1941), one of "The Three Tenors".
**Manuel del Pópulo Vicente García (1775–1832), tenor.
**María Gay (1879–1943), mezzo-soprano.
**Alfredo Kraus (1927–1999), tenor.
**Hippolito Lazaro (1887-1974), tenor.
**Adelina Patti (1843–1919), coloratura soprano.
**Conchita Supervía (1895–1936), mezzo-soprano.
**Francisco Vinas (1863-1933), tenor.

Singers

*Edward Aguilera (born 1976), first European member of Menudo.
*Ana Belén (born 1951), singer and actress.
*David Bisbal (born 1979) pop singer.
*Miguel Bosé (born 1956), pop singer.
*Nino Bravo (1944–1973), singer.
*Camarón de la Isla (1950-1992), Flamenco singer, real name José Monje Cruz.
*Luz Casal (born 1958), pop singer.
*Charo (born 1941), singer.
*Charytin (born 1950), singer.
*Dover, band.
*Rocío Durcal (1945–2006), singer and actress.
*Rocío Jurado (1944–2006), singer.
*Manolo García (born 1955), singer-songwriter.
*Julio Iglesias (born 1943), pop singer.
*Lolita Flores (born 1958), singer and actress.
*Los del Río, duo, authors of La Macarena.
*Víctor Manuel (born 1947), singer.
*Ramón Melendi (born 1979), flamenco-influenced singer.
*Isabel Pantoja (born 1956), singer.
*Niña Pastori, (born María Rosa García García in 1978), flamenco singer.
*José Luis Perales (born 1945), singer.
*Raphael (born 1943), pop singer.
*Joaquín Sabina (born 1949), singer-songwriter.
*Marta Sánchez (born 1966), pop singer.
*Alejandro Sanz (born 1968), pop singer.
*Joan Manuel Serrat (born 1943), Catalan singer-songwriter.
*Enrique Urquijo (1960–1999), New Wave music singer.

Philosophers and humanists

*"Alfonso X of Castile" (1221–1284), "El Sabio" ("The Wise").
*Francisco de Enzinas (1518–1552), humanist and translator of the New Testament
*José Javier Gallego (born 1955), thinker, writer, crtic of philosophy and history.
*Baltasar Gracián (1601–1658), author of "El Criticón", influenced European philosophers such as Schopenhauer.
*Bartolomé de Las Casas (1484–1566), humanist, advocate of the rights of Native Americans.
*"Ramón Llull" (1235–1315), philosopher, writer and theologian; author of "Ars magna" (1305), a system of logic that influenced Leibniz.
*Ignatius of Loyola (c. 1491 – 1556), theologian, founder of the Society of Jesus.
*Salvador de Madariaga (1886–1978), humanist, co-founder of the College of Europe (1949).
*Gregorio Marañón (1887–1960), humanist and medical scientist, important intellectual of the 20th century in Spain.
*Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo (1856–1912), philologist, historian and erudite.
*Julián Marías (1914–2005), philosopher. Wrote the "History of Philosophy"
*Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968), philologist, historian and erudite member of Generation of '98.
*Antonio de Nebrija (1441–1522), scholar, published the first grammar of the Spanish language ("Gramática Castellana", 1492), which was the first grammar produced of any Romance language.
*José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955), philosopher, social and political thinker, author of "The Revolt of the Masses" (1930).
*Bernardino de Sahagún (1499–1590), Franciscan missionary, researched Nahua culture and Nahuatl language and compiled an unparalleled work in Spanish and Náhuatl.
*George Santayana (1863–1952), philosopher, taught at Harvard, author of "The Sense of Beauty" (1896) and "The Life of Reason" (1905–6).
*Fernando Savater (born 1947), philosopher and essayist, known for his writings on ethics.
*Francisco Suárez (1548–1617), one of the most influential scholastics after Thomas Aquinas.
*Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936), existentialist writer and literary theoretician.
*Juan Luis Vives (1492–1540), prominent figure of Renaissance humanism, taught at Leuven and Oxford (while tutor to Mary Tudor).
*Xavier Zubiri (1889–1983), philosopher, critic of classical metaphysics.

Science and technology

*José de Acosta (1540–1600), one of the first naturalists and anthropologists of the Americas.
*Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont (1553-1613) Registered design for steam powered water pump for use in mines (1606).
*José María Algué (1856–1930), meteorologist, inventor of the barocyclometer, the nephoscope, and the microseismograph.
*Ignacio Barraquer (1884-1965), leading ophthalmologist, pioneer of cataract surgery.
*José Ignacio Barraquer (1916-1998), leading ophthalmologist, father of modern refractive surgery, he invented the microkeratome and the cryolathe, developed the surgical procedures of keratomileusis and keratophakia.
*Ángel Cabrera (1879–1960), naturalist, investigated the South-American fauna.
*Nicolás Cabrera (1913–1989), physicist, did important work on the theories of crystal growth and the oxidisation of metals.
*Juan de la Cierva (1895–1936), aeronautical engineer, pioneer of rotary flight, inventor of the autogyro.
*Josep Comas i Solà (1868–1937), astronomer, discovered the periodic comet 32P/Comas Solá and 11 asteroids, and in 1907 observed limb darkening of Saturn's moon Titan (the first evidence that the body had an atmosphere).
*Pedro Duque (born 1963), astronaut and veteran of two space missions.
*Fausto de Elhúyar (1755–1833), chemist, joint discoverer of tungsten with his brother Juan José de Elhúyar in 1783.
*Carlos Fernández Casado (1905–1988), civil engineer, designer and builder of bridges and viaducts.
*Jaime Ferrán (1852–1929), doctor and researcher, discovered several vaccines.
*Francisco Hernández (1514–1587), botanicist, carried out important research about the Mexican flora
*Manuel Jalón Corominas (born 1925), inventor of the mop (1956) and a world-wide used "two-piece" disposable syringe (1978).
*Carlos Jiménez Díaz (1898–1967), doctor and researcher, leading figure in pathology
*Gregorio Marañón (1887–1960), doctor and researcher, leading figure in endocrinology
*Narcís Monturiol (1818–1885), physicist and inventor, pioneer of underwater navigation and first machine powered submarine.
*José Celestino Bruno Mutis (1732–1808), botanicist, doctor, philosopher and mathematician, carried out relevant research about the American flora, founded one of the first astronomic observatories in America (1762).
*Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), doctor and biochemist, achieved the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), Nobel prize Laureate (1959).
*Mateu Orfila (1787–1853), doctor and chemist, father of modern toxicology, leading figure in forensic toxicology.
*Joan Oró (1923–2004), biochemist, carried out important research about the origin of life, he worked with NASA on the Viking missions.
*Julio Palacios Martínez (1891–1970), physicist and mathematician
*Isaac Peral (1851–1895), engineer and sailor, designer of the first fully operative military submarine.
*Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), father of Neuroscience, Nobel prize Laureate (1906).
*Julio Rey Pastor (1888–1962), mathematician, leading figure in geometry.
*Wifredo Ricart (1897–1974), engineer, designer and executive manager in the automotive industry.
*Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849), geologist and chemist, discovered vanadium (as vanadinite) in 1801.
*Pío del Río Hortega (1882–1945), neuroscientist, discoverer of the microglia or "Hortega cell".
*Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente (1928–1980), naturalist, leading figure in ornithology, ethology, ecology and science divulgation
*Margarita Salas (born 1938), biochemist, molecular genetist and researcher.
*Miguel Servet (1511–1553), scientist, surgeon and humanist; first European to describe pulmonary circulation.
*Esteban Terradas i Illa (1883–1950), mathematician, physicist and engineer.
*Leonardo Torres Quevedo (1852–1936), engineer and mathematician, pioneer of automated calculation machines, inventor of the automatic chess, pioneer of remote control, designer of the funicular over the Niagara Falls.
*Eduardo Torroja (1899–1961), civil engineer, structural architect, world famous specialist in concrete structures.
*Josep Trueta (1897–1977), doctor, his new method for treatment of open wounds and fractures helped save a great number of lives during World War II.
*Antonio de Ulloa (1716–1795), scientist, soldier and author; joint discoverer of element platinum with Jorge Juan y Santacilia (1713–1773).
*"Arnold of Villanova" (c. 1235 – 1311), alchemist and physician, he discovered carbon monoxide and pure alcohol.

Social scientists

*Martín de Azpilicueta (1492–1586), economist, member of the School of Salamanca, precursor of the quantitative theory of money.
*Manuel Castells (born 1942), sociologist, author of the well-known trilogy "The Information Age".
*Salvador Giner (born 1934), sociologist, he had researched on social theory, sociology of culture and modern industrial society.
*Jesús Huerta de Soto (born 1956), major Austrian School economist.
*Juan José Linz (born 1926), Sterling Professor of Political and Social Science at Yale; Prince of Asturias Award (1987) and Johan Skytte Prize (1996) Laureate.
*Xavier Sala-i-Martín (born 1963), economist, professor at Yale, Harvard, and Columbia.
*Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz (1893–1984), historian, prominent specialist in medieval Spanish history.
*Joseph de la Vega (1650–1692), businessman, wrote "Confusion of Confusions" (1688), first book on stock markets.
*Francisco de Vitoria (c. 1480/86 – 1546), member of the School of Salamanca, precursor of international law theory.

Sports

*Athletics
**Fermín Cacho Ruiz (born 1969), 1500 metres Gold (1992 Olympics) and Silver (1996 Olympics) medalist.
*Basketball
**José Calderón (born 1981), Toronto Raptors guard.
**Antonio Díaz-Miguel (1933–2000), coach, enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1997.
**Pau Gasol (born 1980), Los Angeles Lakers player, 2001-02 NBA Rookie of the Year Award winner; 2006 FIBA W.C. MVP.
**Raúl López (born 1980), former Utah Jazz player.
**Fernando Martín (1962–1989), Estudiantes, Real Madrid and Portland Trail Blazers player.
**Juan Carlos Navarro (born 1980), Memphis Grizzlies player.
**Felipe Reyes (born 1980), Real Madrid player.
**Sergio Rodríguez (born 1986), player.
**Fran Vázquez (born 1983), player.
*Boxing
**Pedro Carrasco (1943–2001), 1967 European Lightweight Champion; 1971 WBC's World Lightweight Champion.
**Javier Castillejo (born 1968), six-time WBC's World Jr. Middleweight Champion.
*Cycling
**Guillermo Timoner (born 1926), six-time World Motor paced Track Cycling Champion (1955, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965).
**Federico Martín Bahamontes (born 1928), 1959 Tour de France winner.
**Alberto Contador (born 1982), 2007 Tour de France, 2008 Giro d'Italia, 2008 Vuelta a España winner.
**Pedro Delgado (born 1960), 1988 Tour de France winner.
**Óscar Freire (born 1976), three-time World Cycling Champion (1999, 2001, 2004).
**José Manuel Fuente (1945–1996), twice Vuelta a España winner (1972, 1974), second in Giro d'Italia (1972), thrird in Tour de France (1973).
**Roberto Heras (born 1974), three-time Vuelta a España winner (2000, 2003, 2004).
**Miguel Indurain (born 1964), Gold medalist (1996 Olympics), 1995 World Time-Trial Champion, World Hour recordman (1994), five consecutive times Tour de France winner (1991-1995), twice Giro d'Italia winner (1992, 1993).
**Joan Llaneras (born 1969), Gold medalist (2000 Olympics), Silver medalist (2004 Olympics), seven-times World Points race or Madison Track Cycling Champion (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2006, 2007).
**Luis Ocaña (1945–1994), 1973 Tour de France winner.
**Abraham Olano (born 1970), 1995 World Cycling Champion and 1998 World Time-Trial Champion.
**Óscar Pereiro (born 1977), 2006 Tour de France winner.
**Samuel Sánchez (born 1978), Beijing 2008 Olympic Road Race Gold Medal
**Joane Somarriba (born 1972), three-time Grande Boucle winner (2000, 2001, 2003).
*Football (Soccer)
**Alfredo Di Stéfano (born 1926), five consecutive times European Champion (with Real Madrid, 1956–1960; scored 49 goals).
**Raúl González (born 1977), first player to reach 50 goals in UEFA Champions League.
**Francisco Gento (born 1933), Real Madrid Player. Winner of six UEFA Champions League.
**Andoni Zubizarreta (born 1961), goalkeeper, 126 times international with Spain
**Fernando Torres (born 1984), striker and Liverpool player. UEFA 2008

*Golf
**Severiano Ballesteros (born 1957), winner of 5 major championships.
**Sergio García (born 1980), winner of 6 PGA Tour and 6 European Tour titles.
**Miguel Ángel Jiménez (born 1964), winner of 13 European Tour titles winner.
**José María Olazábal (born 1966), winner of 2 major championships.
*Motor sports
**Fernando Alonso (born 1981), 2005 and 2006 Formula One World Champion.
**Álvaro Bautista (born 1984) motorcycle racing raider, 125cc champion of the World in 2006.
**Carlos Checa (born 1972), GP motorcycle racing rider.
**Marc Coma (born 1976), won the Dakar Rally in 2006.
**Àlex Crivillé (born 1970), 500cc GP motorcycle racing World Champion in 1999.
**Marc Gené (born 1974) Formula One driver.
**Sete Gibernau (born 1972), GP motorcycle racing rider.
**Jorge Martínez Aspar (born 1962), GP motorcycle racing rider, four-time World Champion [80 cc (3) and 125 cc (1)] .
**Pedro Martínez de la Rosa (born 1971), Formula One driver.
**Ángel Nieto (born 1947), GP motorcycle racing rider, 12+1 times World Champion.
**Daniel Pedrosa (born 1985), youngest GP motorcycle racing World Champion of 125cc and 250cc.
**Carlos Sainz (born 1962), 1990 and 1992 World Rally Champion.
*Tennis
**Alberto Berasategui French Open
**Sergi Bruguera (born 1971), 1993 and 1994 French Open Men's Singles Champion.
**Àlex Corretja (born 1974), 1998 ATP Tour World Champion.
**Albert Costa (born 1975), 2002 French Open Men's Singles Champion.
**Juan Carlos Ferrero (born 1980), 2003 French Open Men's Singles Champion.
**Andrés Gimeno (born 1937), 1972 French Open Men's Singles Champion.
**Feliciano López (born 1981), 2 ATP Tour titles winner.
**Conchita Martínez (born 1972), 1994 Wimbledon Women's Singles Champion.
**Carlos Moyà (born 1976), 1998 French Open Men's Singles Champion.
**Rafael Nadal (born 1986), 2005, 2006 and 2007 French Open Men's Singles Champion.
**Manuel Orantes (born 1949), 1975 U.S. Open Men's Singles Champion.
**Virginia Ruano (born 1973), 8 Grand Slam Doubles titles winner.
**Arantxa Sánchez-Vicario (born 1971), 10 Grand Slam titles winner (4 singles, 6 doubles).
**Emilio Sánchez-Vicario (born 1965), 3 Grand Slam Doubles titles winner.
**Manuel Santana (born 1938), 5 Grand Slam titles winner (4 singles, 1 doubles).
*Wrestling
**Kane (born 1967),WWF Championship,ECW Championship,WCW World Tag Team Championship,WWF Hardcore Championship,WWF/E Intercontinental Championship,WWF/E World Tag Team Championship.

Others

*Ferran Adrià (born 1962), chef.
*Carlos D. Cidon (born 1959), chef.
*Joaquín Cortés (born 1969), dancer.
*Luis Miguel González Lucas (1926–1995), better known as "Luis Miguel Dominguín", bullfighter, father of Miguel Bosé.
*Juan March Ordinas (1880–1962), politician and businessman.
*Federica Montseny (1905–1994), anarchist, politician and writer.
*Aguas Santas Ocaña Navarro (born 1963), first lady of Honduras.
*Amancio Ortega Gaona (born 1936), entrepreneur.
*Juan Pujol, alias "Garbo" (1912–1988), double-agent who played a key role in the success of D-Day towards the end of World War II.
*Tamara Rojo (born 1974), "prima ballerina" of the London's Royal Ballet (since 2000); Prince of Asturias Award of Arts Laureate (2005).
*Diego Salcedo (1575–1644), first Spaniard killed by Puerto Rican Taínos.
*Cristina Sánchez (born 1972), bullfighter.
*Juan Sánchez Vidal (born 1958), renowned collector..
*Pedro Subijana (born 1948), cook.
*Saint Teresa of Avila (1515–1582), Roman Catholic mystic and monastic reformer.
*Tomás de Torquemada (1420–1498), Grand Inquisitor.

See also

*List of people by nationality
*List of Andalusians
*List of Aragonese
*List of Basques
*List of Catalans
*List of Spanish Jews

Related links

* [http://www.european-people.com/Spaniards/Spaniards.html Spanish people]