Glipizide

Glipizide
Not to be confused with gliclazide or glyburide.
Glipizide
Systematic (IUPAC) name
N-(4-[N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenethyl)-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxamide
Clinical data
Trade names Glucotrol
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a684060
Pregnancy cat. C (Au, U.S.)
Legal status POM (UK), ℞-only (U.S.)
Routes Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 100% (regular formulation)
90% (extended release)
Protein binding 98 to 99%
Metabolism Hepatic hydroxylation
Half-life 2 to 5 hours
Excretion Renal and fecal
Identifiers
CAS number 29094-61-9
ATC code A10BB07
PubChem CID 3478
DrugBank DB01067
ChemSpider 3359 YesY
UNII X7WDT95N5C YesY
KEGG D00335 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1073 YesY
Chemical data
Formula C21H27N5O4S 
Mol. mass 445.536 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
 YesY(what is this?)  (verify)

Glipizide is an oral medium-to-long acting anti-diabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class. It is classified as a second generation sulfonylurea, which means that it undergoes enterohepatic circulation. The structure on the R2 group is a much larger cyclo or aromatic group compared to the 1st generation sulfonylureas. This leads to a once a day dosing that is much less than the first generation, about 100 fold.

Mechanism of action is produced by blocking potassium channels in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. By partially blocking the potassium channels, it will increase the time the cell spends in the calcium release stage of cell signaling leading to an increase in calcium. The increase in calcium will initiate more insulin release from each beta cell.

Originally available in 1984, it is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Glucotrol in the USA, where Pfizer sells Glucotrol in doses of 5 and 10 milligrams and Glucotrol XL (an extended release form of glipizide) in doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 milligrams. Other companies also market glipizide, most commonly extended release tablets of 5 and 10 milligrams.

External links

v · d · eOral anti-diabetic drugs and Insulin analogs (A10)
Insulin
Metformin# • Buformin‡ • Phenformin‡
K+ ATP
Meglitinides/"glinides"
GLP-1 analogs
Exenatide • Liraglutide • Taspoglutide† • Albiglutide† • Lixisenatide
Analogs/other insulins
fast-acting (Insulin lispro • Insulin aspart • Insulin glulisine) • short-acting (Regular insulin) • long-acting (Insulin glargine • Insulin detemir • NPH insulin) • ultra-long-acting (Insulin degludec†) • inhalable Exubera‡
Other
Amylin analog
SGLT2 inhibitors
Canagliflozin† • Dapagliflozin† • Remogliflozin§ • Sergliflozin§
Other

M: END

anat/phys/devp/horm

noco(d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)


Stub icon This drug article relating to the gastrointestinal system is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.