Eastside Historic Cemetery District

Eastside Historic Cemetery District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Mount Elliott Cemetery front gate, built 1882
Location:	Detroit, Michigan  United States
Coordinates:	42°20′59″N 83°1′5″W / 42.34972°N 83.01806°W / 42.34972; -83.01806Coordinates: 42°20′59″N 83°1′5″W / 42.34972°N 83.01806°W / 42.34972; -83.01806
Built:	1841
Architectural style:	Other
Governing body:	Private
NRHP Reference#:	82000550[1]
Added to NRHP:	December 02, 1982

The Eastside Historic Cemetery District is a historic district bounded by Elmwood Avenue, Mt. Elliott Avenue, Lafayette Street, and Waterloo Street in Detroit, Michigan. The district consists of three separate cemeteries: Mount Elliott Cemetery (Catholic, established 1841), Elmwood Cemetery (Protestant, established 1846), and the Lafayette Street Cemetery (Jewish, established 1850).^[2] The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.^[1]

Mount Elliott Cemetery

Mount Elliott Cemetery

Mount Elliott Cemetery is the oldest extant cemetery in the city of Detroit,^[3] and contains 65 acres (260,000 m²).^[4] It is located on Mount Elliott Avenue just north of Lafayette Street.

History

Detroit's Catholic community was originally heavily French in character. However, near the beginning of the 19th century, waves of immigration added other nationalities into the mix, notably Irish Catholics.^[4] In time, these Irish Catholics departed from the French-speaking Ste. Anne's and established their own parish. By 1840, they decided they wanted their own cemetery. In 1841, the parish purchased 12 acres (49,000 m²) of farmland^[5] from the Leib farm for $400.^[4]

The first burial in the cemetery occurred only twelve days after its establishment when Robert Elliott, an architect, judge, and founding member of the committee that created the cemetery, was laid to rest. He had been killed in a construction accident.^[4] The cemetery was christened "Mount Elliott" in his honor.

A second parcel of land was purchased for the cemetery in 1865, and a third in 1881; this brought the size of the cemetery to its current 65 acres (260,000 m²).^[4][6] A stone gateway into the cemetery was completed the same year.^[6] In 1869,^[4] remains from Detroit's Ste. Anne Cemetery were moved and re-interred at Mount Elliott.^[3] Among the remains moved was Colonel Jean François Hamtramck.

Description

Roads winding through the cemetery carry the names of religious leaders (Pope Pius Avenue, Bishop LeFevere Avenue and Place, and Bishop Borgess Avenue) or biblical themes (Calvary Avenue, Holy Cross Place, Trinity Avenue, and Resurrection Avenue).^[3]

The entrance to Mt. Elliott Cemetery is through a stone gateway designed and built by Walter Schweikart in 1882 at a cost of $6,000.^[4] Schweikart also built the entrance to the nearby Elmwood cemetery.^[4]

In 1872, Fireman's Fund bought large lots for $500 apiece in both Mt. Elliott and Elmwood Cemeteries for the purpose of burying firefighters. In 1889, the Fund erected a marker at the site for a cost of $2,965.^[4]

Gravesites

The following are some people buried in Mt. Elliott:^[4]

• Jerome Cavanagh (1928–1979) Mayor of Detroit
• Orestes Brownson (1803–1876) Prolific Catholic writer

Elmwood Cemetery

Main article: Elmwood Cemetery (Detroit, Michigan)

Elmwood Cemetery, established in 1846, is 86 acres (350,000 m²) in size^[7] and contains over 51,000 graves.^[8] It is located on Lafayette Street, just east of Mt. Elliott Avenue. It is the oldest continuously operating, non-denominational cemetery in Michigan.^[7]

History

Elmwood Cemetery was originally planned in 1846.^[9] The first 42 acres (170,000 m²) were purchased from the George Hunt farm^[10] using money from subscriptions in 1850.^[9] Over the years, additional land was purchased from the Hunt Farm and the neighboring D.C. Whitwood farm to increase the grounds to the current 86 acres (350,000 m²).^[10]

A Gothic Revival chapel, designed by Albert and Octavius Jordan, was added in 1856. The limestone chapel blends into the natural ravine and landscaping.^[8] Gordon Lloyd designed the Gothic-inspired gatehouse in 1870.^[11].^[6]

The 1856 chapel, which had fallen into disuse, was refurbished in the 1950s and is still used today.^[12] The chapel was extensively restored after a late 1900s fire.^[10]

Description

Elmwood Cemetery is one of the few places in modern Detroit where the "original" rolling terrain of the area can be seen. Parent Creek (renamed "Bloody Run" after the famous Indian battle) runs through the cemetery,^[11] serving as a focus of the landscape.^[8] Noted landscape designer Frederick Law Olmsted, inspired by the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts,^[10] contributed to the redesign of the overall cemetery plan in 1891.^[11]

The cemetery is also famous for its multiple monuments, creating a city in miniature.^[11] These include works by noted sculptors, including the marble "Veiled Lady" by Randolph Rogers, and "Flying Geese" by Marshall Fredericks.^[12]

Gravesites

Twenty-nine Detroit mayors, at least six governors, eleven senators, and a dozen cabinet members are buried on the grounds.^[11] Those interred at Elmwood include:^[13][14][15]

• Lewis Cass (1782–1866) Territorial governor, Senator, and Secretary of State
• Douglass Houghton (1809–1845) Detroit mayor and explorer
• Bernhard Stroh (1822–1882) Founder of the Stroh Brewery
• Martha Jean Steinberg (1930–2000) Radio personality
• Coleman Young (1918–1997) Detroit’s first African-American mayor
• Jacob Merritt Howard (1805–1871) US Senator and writer of the 13th amendment
• Margaret Mather (1859–1898) Canadian actress
• Edwin C. Denby (1879–1929) Secretary of the Navy
• Zina Pitcher (1797–1872) Detroit mayor

Lafayette Street Cemetery

The Lafayette Street Cemetery, established by the Temple Beth El in 1850, is Michigan's oldest Jewish cemetery.^[16] It was originally christened Champlain Street Cemetery of Temple Beth El because Lafayette was formerly known as Champlain Street.^[16] With an area of 0.5 acres (2,000 m²), this cemetery is by far the smallest of the three in the district;^[16] it is located at the southwest corner of Elmwood Cemetery, on Layfayette.^[13]

History

The first burial was in 1851, and in 1854 Samuel Marcus, the first rabbi of Beth El, was buried in the cemetery.^[16] Although use slowed in the late 1880s,^[17] the cemetery was in active use until the 1950s.^[16] The cemetery is now part of the Elmwood Cemetery grounds.^[18]

External links

• Mt. Elliott Cemetery
• Elmwood Cemetery

Further reading

• Cecile Wendt Jensen, Detroit's Mount Elliott Cemetery, Arcadia Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-7385-4093-5
• Michael S. Franck, Elmwood Endures: History of a Detroit Cemetery, Wayne State University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-8143-2591-2

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ Eastside Historic Cemetery District from Detroit1701.org
3. ^ ^{a b c} Cecile Wendt Jensen, Detroit's Mount Elliott Cemetery, Arcadia Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-7385-4093-5, preface
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Fern Freeman, Mt. Elliott Cemetery: A history, 1981
5. ^ Mount Elliott history: 1841 from the Mount Elliott website
6. ^ ^{a b c} Silas Farmer, The History of Detroit and Michigan, S. Farmer & Co., 1884, pp. 53-54
7. ^ ^{a b} About Us from the Elmwood cemetery
8. ^ ^{a b c} Elmwood Cemetery from the state of Michigan
9. ^ ^{a b} Silas Farmer, The History of Detroit and Michigan, S. Farmer & Co., 1884, p. 56
10. ^ ^{a b c d} History from the Historic Elmwood Cemerery
11. ^ ^{a b c d e} Eric J. Hill, John Gallagher, American Institute of Architects Detroit Chapter, AIA Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8143-3120-3p. 254
12. ^ ^{a b} Eastside Cemeteries Historic District from the city of Detroit
13. ^ ^{a b} Jennifer Dixon, Mary Schroeder, and Martha Thierry, "Cemetery brings history to life," Detroit Free Press, May 28, 2008
14. ^ Vivian M. Baulch, "Tales from the crypts: Elmwood Cemetery stories," The Detroit News, April 30, 1995
15. ^ Biography page from Elmwood Cemetery
16. ^ ^{a b c d e} Champlain Street Cemetery of Temple Beth El from the state of Michigan
17. ^ Silas Farmer, The History of Detroit and Michigan, S. Farmer & Co., 1884, p. 57
18. ^ Jewish Historical Society