Penobscot Building

Infobox Skyscraper
building_name = Penobscot Building


built = 1928
use = office
location = 645 Griswold Street
Detroit, Michigan
USA
roof = 566 ft (172.3 m)
top_floor = 523 ft (159.4 m)
antenna_spire = 663 ft (202.2 m)
floor_count = 47
floor_area = 776,486 ft² (72,138 m²)
elevator_count = 25
architect = Wirt C. Rowland, SmithGroup,
Donaldson and Meier
skyscraperpage_id = 935

The Penobscot Building is a skyscraper in downtown Detroit, Michigan. Rising 566 feet (172.3 m), the 47-story Penobscot was the tallest building in Michigan from its completion in 1928 until the construction of the Renaissance Center's central tower in 1977. The tower has 2 basement floors, and 45 above-ground floors, for a total of 47. The building serves as a wireless fiber optic internet hub of the city's downtown area.

History

Upon its completion, it was the eighth tallest building in the world and the tallest outside New York City and Chicago. Like many of the city's other Roaring Twenties buildings, it displays Art Deco influences, including its "H" shape (designed to allow maximum sunlight into the building) and the sculptural setbacks that cause the upper floors to progressively "erode". The building's architect, Wirt C. Rowland, also designed such Detroit skyscrapers as the Guardian Building and the Buhl Building in the same decade. At night, the building's upper floors are lit in floodlight fashion, topped with a red sphere.

Although the Penobscot Building has more floors than Comerica Tower (45 above-ground floors compared to Comerica Tower's 43), Comerica's floors and spires are taller, with its roof sitting roughly 60 feet taller than Penobscot's. The opulent Penobscot is one of many buildings in Detroit that features architectural sculpture by Corrado Parducci.

The Penobscot Building served as a "compass" for pilots in airplanes during its early years, due to its position of facing due north. The building also served as an inspiration of sorts for the Empire State Building in New York City, and many individuals worked on the construction of both towers.

The tower is also connected to an older and shorter building, the Penobscot Annex, which is similarly shaped. The two buildings are a part of the Penobscot Block, located at Griswold Street and West Fort Street. This is the last portion of the Penobscot complex developed. There is a Class A conference center located on the 13th floor of this building.

Origin of the name

The building is named for the Penobscot, a Native American tribe from Maine. The following version of the choice of the name of the building is found in an undated publication believed to have been published concurrent with the buildings dedication in 1928 contains the following::"An intimation of the Murphy family's early history, together with the expression of genuine sentiment regarding the beginnings of the Murphy fortune, is contained in the name of the Greater Penobscot Building...... Long before the Civil War days, Simon J. Murphy and his partner, then two lads who had grown up in the Maine woods obtained their first employment in one of the logging camps along the Penobscot River - a stream named for the powerful tribe of Penobscot Indians."

The explanation also explains the choice of Native American styled art deco ornamentation used on the exterior and in the interior.

Facts

* The building was designed by Wirt C. Rowland of the leading Detroit architectural firm Smith Hinchman & Grylls.
* Clad in Indiana limestone with a granite base, it rises like a sheer cliff for thirty stories, then has a series of setbacks culminating in a red neon beacon tower.
* Ornamentation follows American Indian motifs, particularly in the entrance archway and in metalwork found in the lobby.
* The Penobscot Building was Detroit's tallest building for nearly a half-century, until the Renaissance Center overtook it in 1977.
* Once the tallest building outside New York and Chicago.
* When it was completed, it was the eighth tallest building in the world.
* The old framing elevation drawing of this building list is as being 562'-2" to the highest roof, approximately 565'-8" to the parapet wall around the roof, and 654'-2" to the top of the warning beacon atop the antenna.
* The Smart Detroit Conference Center occupies space on the 13th floor, and includes Class A conference, meeting, or convention space.
* Once had at its apex "CNB" signs for a local bank that was once headquartered in the Penobscot Building.
*On holidays, both the Penobscot Building and the nearby One Woodward Avenue light up for the night, with red, white and blue (for Independence Day and Canada Day, and red, white and green for the Christmas season. In addition, during the Christmas season, the Penobscot Building's radio broadcast tower is illuminated bright gold, to resemble a giant glowing Christmas tree topped with a flashing red beacon.

Photo gallery

ee also

* Art Deco
* Cadillac Place
* Fisher Building
* Guardian Building
* Penobscot Annex
* The Penobscot Building
* Penobscot Block
* Robert Sharoff
* Wirt C. Rowland
* Albert Kahn
* Ford Building

References

*Cite book | author=Booklet| title=Greater Penobscot Building: Fort and Griswold Streets, Detroit | publisher=| year= c. 1928 | id=
*Cite book | author=Hill, Eric J. and John Gallagher | title= AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture| year=2002 | publisher= Wayne State University Press | id=ISBN 0-8143-3120-3
* Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, "Shadowing Parducci", unpublished manuscript, Detroit.
*Cite book | author=Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C.P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A.I.A.| title=Detroit Architecture A.I.A. Guide Revised Edition | year= 1980| publisher= Wayne State University Press| id = ISBN 0-8143-1651-4
*Cite book | author= Sharoff, Robert | title=American City: Detroit Architecture| publisher=Wayne State University Press| year=2005| id=ISBN 0-8143-3270-6
*Cite book | author=Savage, Rebecca Binno and Greg Kowalski, | title= Art Deco in Detroit (Images of America) | publisher=Arcadia | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-7385-3228-2
*Cite book | author=Sobocinski, Melanie Grunow | title= Detroit and Rome: building on the past | publisher=Regents of the University of Michigan| year=2005 | id=ISBN 0933691092

External links

* [http://www.penobscotbuilding.com/ Official Penobscot Building website]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Detroit,+Michigan&ie=UTF8&ll=42.330187,-83.047307&spn=0.002249,0.006394&t=k&om=1 Google Maps location of the Penobscot Building]
* [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=118560 Penobscot Building details]
* [http://www.daads.org/modern/1401/penobscot.htm Article from the Detroit Area Art Deco Society]
* [http://www.skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=935 SkyscraperPage.com's Profile on the Penobscot Building]

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