- Comparison of orbital launch systems
-
This page exposes the full list of orbital launch systems.
For the short simple list of launchers families, see Comparison of orbital launchers families.
Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit.
Legend for below table: [under development] — [retired] — [operational]Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
LEO
(kg)Mass to
other orbits
(kg)Cost
(Mil US$)Cost/kg
(LEO) (US$)Launches Status First flight Last flight Vehicle Angara 1.1 
RussiaKhrunichev 0 Development Angara 1.1 Angara 1.2 RussiaKhrunichev 3,800[1] 0 Development Angara 1.2 Angara A3 RussiaKhrunichev 14,600[1] 2,400–3,600 to GTO[1] €50 (US$70)[2] 0 Development Angara A3 Angara A5 RussiaKhrunichev 24,500 (63°) [3][4] 0 Development Angara A5 Angara A7 RussiaKhrunichev 41,000[3][4] 0 Development Angara A7 Ariane 1 
EuropeAérospatiale 1,400 1,830 to GTO[5] 11[5] Retired 1979 1986 Ariane 1 Ariane 2 EuropeAérospatiale 2,270 to GTO[5] 6[5] Retired 1986 1989 Ariane 2 Ariane 3 EuropeAérospatiale 2,650 to GTO[5] 11[5] Retired 1984 1989 Ariane 3 Ariane 4 40 EuropeAérospatiale 4,600[5] 2,740 to SSO
1,900 to GTO[5]3[5] Retired 1990 1993 Ariane 4 40 Ariane 4 40 H10+ EuropeAérospatiale 2,020 to GTO[5] 1[5] Retired 1995 1995 Ariane 4 40 H10+ Ariane 4 40 H10-3 EuropeAérospatiale 2,105 to GTO[5] 3[5] Retired 1995 1999 Ariane 4 40 H10-3 Ariane 4 42L EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 4,500 to SSO
3,200 to GTO[5]1[5] Retired 1993 1993 Ariane 4 42L Ariane 4 42L H10+ EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 3,350 to GTO[5] 1[5] Retired 1994 1994 Ariane 4 42L H10+ Ariane 4 42L H10-3 EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 3,480 to GTO[5] 11[5] Retired 1995 2002 Ariane 4 42L H10-3 Ariane 4 42P EuropeAérospatiale 6,000[5] 3,400 to SSO
2,600 to GTO[5]2[5] Retired 1990 1992 Ariane 4 42P Ariane 4 42P H10+ EuropeAérospatiale 2,740 to GTO[5] 4[5] Retired 1992 1994 Ariane 4 42P H10+ Ariane 4 42P H10-3 EuropeAérospatiale 2,930 to GTO[5] 9[5] Retired 1994 2002 Ariane 4 42P H10-3 Ariane 4 44L EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 6,000 to SSO
4,200 to GTO[5]11[5] Retired 1989 1992 Ariane 4 44L Ariane 4 44L H10+ EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 4,460 to GTO[5] 5[5] Retired 1992 1994 Ariane 4 44L H10+ Ariane 4 44L H10-3 EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 4,720 to GTO[5] 24[5] Retired 1995 2003 Ariane 4 44L H10-3 Ariane 4 44LP EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 5,000 to SSO
3,700 to GTO[5]7[5] Retired 1988 1993 Ariane 4 44LP Ariane 4 44LP H10+ EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 4,030 to GTO[5] 6[5] Retired 1992 1995 Ariane 4 44LP H10+ Ariane 4 44LP H10-3 EuropeAérospatiale 7,000[5] 4,220 to GTO[5] 13[5] Retired 1995 2001 Ariane 4 44LP H10-3 Ariane 4 44P EuropeAérospatiale 6,500[5] 4,100 to SSO
3,000 to GTO[5]2[5] Retired 1991 1991 Ariane 4 44P Ariane 4 44P H10-3 EuropeAérospatiale 3,465 to GTO[5] 9[5] Retired 1995 2001 Ariane 4 44P H10-3 Ariane 5ECA EuropeEADS Astrium 21,000[6] [7] 220 [8] 10,476 [8] 31
[note 1]Operational 2002 Ariane 5ECB EuropeEADS Astrium 21,000 to GTO 0 Development Ariane 5ECB Ariane 5ES EuropeEADS Astrium 21,000[6] 8,000 to GTO[9] 220 [8] 10,476 [8] 2 Operational 2008 Ariane 5ES Ariane 5G EuropeEADS Astrium 18,000[9] 6,900[9] 16[9] Retired[10] 1996 2003 Ariane 5G Ariane 5G+ EuropeEADS Astrium 18,000[citation needed] 7,100 to GTO [9] 3[9] Retired[10] 2004 2004 Ariane 5G+ Ariane 5GS EuropeEADS Astrium 18,000[citation needed] 6,600 to GTO [9] 6[9] Retired[10] 2005 2009 Ariane 5GS ASLV 
IndiaISRO 4[citation needed] Retired[citation needed] 1987 1994 ASLV Athena I 
United StatesLockheed Martin 4[11] Retired 1995 2001 Athena I Athena Ic [12] United StatesATK
Lockheed Martin0 Development Athena Ic Athena II United StatesLockheed Martin 2,065[citation needed] 3[13] Retired[citation needed] 1998 1999 Athena II Athena IIc [12] United StatesATK
Lockheed Martin0 Development Athena IIc Atlas-Centaur United StatesLockheed Retired[citation needed] 1962 1983 Atlas-Centaur Atlas G United StatesLockheed 5,900[14] 2,222 to GTO
1,179 to HCO[14]7[14] Retired 1984 1989 Atlas G Atlas H/MSD United StatesLockheed 5 Retired 1983 1987 Atlas H/MSD Atlas I United StatesLockheed Martin 5,900[14] 2,340[14] 11[14] Retired 1990 1997 Atlas I Atlas II United StatesLockheed Martin 6,780[14] 2,810 to GTO
2,000 to HCO[14]10[14] Retired 1991 1998 Atlas II Atlas IIA United StatesLockheed Martin 7,316[14] 3,180 to GTO
2,160 to HCO[14]23[14] Retired 1992 2002 Atlas IIA Atlas IIAS United StatesLockheed Martin 8,618[14] 3,833 to GTO
2,680 to HCO[14]30[14] Retired 1993 2004 Atlas IIAS Atlas IIIA United StatesLockheed Martin 8,686[14] 4,060 to GTO
2,970 to HCO[14]2[14] Retired 2000 2004 Atlas IIIA Atlas IIIB/DEC United StatesLockheed Martin 10,759[14] 4,609 to GTO[14] 1[14] Retired 2002 2002 Atlas IIIB/DEC Atlas IIIB/SEC United StatesLockheed Martin 4,193 to GTO [14] 3[14] Retired 2003 2005 Atlas IIIB/SEC Atlas V 401 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 9,050[15] 6,670 to SSO
4,950 to GTO[15]125 [8] 13,812 [8] 11[15] Operational 2002 Atlas V 401 Atlas V 411 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 9,050[15] 8,495 to SSO
6,075 to GTO[15]3[15] Operational 2006 Atlas V 411 Atlas V 421 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 9,050[15] 9,050 to SSO
7,000 to GTO[15]3[15] Operational 2007 Atlas V 421 Atlas V 431 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 9,050[15] 9,050 to SSO
7,800 to GTO[15]2[15] Operational 2005 Atlas V 431 Atlas V 501 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 8,250[15] 5,945 to SSO
3,970 to GTO
1,500 to GEO[15]3[15] Operational 2010 Atlas V 501 Atlas V 511 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 10,950[15] 7,820 to SSO
5,370 to GTO
1,750 to GEO[15]0[15] Operational Atlas V 511 Atlas V 521 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 13,300[15] 9,585 to SSO
6,485 to GTO
2,760 to GEO[15]2[15] Operational 2003 Atlas V 521 Atlas V 531 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 15,300[15] 11,160 to SSO
7,425 to GTO
3,250 to GEO[15]1[15] Operational 2010 Atlas V 531 Atlas V 541 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 17,100[15] 12,435 to SSO
8,240 to GTO
3,730 to GEO[15]0[15] Operational Atlas V 541 Atlas V 551 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 18,500[15] 12,435 to SSO
8,700 to GTO
3,960 to GEO[15]1[15] Operational 2006 Atlas V 551 Black Arrow 
United KingdomRAE 73 2(+2) Retired[citation needed] 1969[note 2] 1971 Black Arrow Commercial Titan III United StatesMartin Marietta 4 Retired 1990 1992 Commercial Titan III Delta 0300 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 700 370 to SSO 3[16] Retired[17] 1972 1973 Delta 0300 Delta 0900 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1,300[18] 818 to SSO[16] 2[16] Retired 1972 1972 Delta 0900 Delta 1410 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1[16] Retired 1975 1975 Delta 1410 Delta 1604 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 2[16] Retired 1972 1973 Delta 1604 Delta 1900 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1,800[16] 1[16] Retired 1973 1973 Delta 1900 Delta 1910 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1[16] Retired 1975 1975 Delta 1910 Delta 1913 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1[16] Retired 1973 1973 Delta 1913 Delta 1914 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 2[16] Retired 1972 1973 Delta 1914 Delta 2310 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 3[16] Retired 1974 1981 Delta 2310 Delta 2313 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 3[16] Retired 1974 1977 Delta 2313 Delta 2910 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1,887[16] 6[16] Retired 1975 1978 Delta 2910 Delta 2913 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 2,000[19] 700 to GTO[19] 6[16] Retired 1975 1976 Delta 2913 Delta 2914 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 724 to GTO[16] 30[16] Retired 1974 1979 Delta 2914 Delta 3910 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 2,494[16] 1,154 to GTO with PAM-D[16] 10[16] Retired 1980 1988 Delta 3910 Delta 3913 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1[16] Retired 1981 1981 Delta 3913 Delta 3914 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 954 to GTO[16] 13[16] Retired 1975 1987 Delta 3914 Delta 3920 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 3,452[16] 1,284 to GTO with PAM-D[16] 10[16] Retired 1982 1989 Delta 3920 Delta 3924 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1,104 to GTO[16] 4[16] Retired 1982 1984 Delta 3924 Delta 4925 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 3,400[20] 1,312 to GTO[16] 2[16] Retired 1989 1990 Delta 4925 Delta 5920 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 3,848[21] 1[16] Retired 1989 1989 Delta 5920 Delta II 6920 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 3,983[16] 3[16] Retired 1990 1992 Delta II 6920 Delta II 6925 United StatesMcDonnell Douglas 1,447 to GTO[16] 14[16] Retired 1989 1992 Delta II 6925 Delta II 7320 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 2,865[note 3][16] 1,651 to SSO[note 3][16] 10[16] Retired 1999 2011 Delta II 7320 Delta II 7326 United StatesBoeing IDS 934 to GTO
636 to TLI
629 to HCO[note 3][16]3[16] Retired 1998 2011[citation needed] Delta II 7326 Delta II 7420 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 3,185[note 3][16] 1,966 to SSO[note 3][16] 13[16] Retired 1998 2010 Delta II 7420 Delta II 7425 United StatesBoeing IDS 1,100 to GTO
804 to HCO[note 3][16]4[16] Retired 1998 2002 Delta II 7425 Delta II 7426 United StatesBoeing IDS 1,058 to GTO
734 to TLI
711 to HCO[note 3][16]1[16] Retired 1999 1999 Delta II 7426 Delta II 7920 United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 5,030[note 3][16] 3,123 to SSO[note 3][16] 27[16] Operational 1998 Delta II 7920 Delta II 7925 United StatesBoeing IDS 1,819 to GTO
1,177 to TLI
1,265 to HCO[note 3][16]69[16] Retired 1990 2009 Delta II 7925 Delta II-H 7920H United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 6,097[note 3][16] 3[16] Retired 2003 2011 Delta II-H 7920H Delta II-H 7925H United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 2,171 to GTO
1,508 to HCO[note 3][16]3[16] Operational
[citation needed][note 4]2003 Delta II-H 7925H Delta III 8930 United StatesBoeing IDS 8,292[16] 3,810 to GTO[16] 3[16] Retired 1998 2000 Delta III 8930 Delta IV-H United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 22,950[22] 12,980 to GTO [22] US$300 (€220)[23] 5 Operational 2004 Delta IV-H Delta IV-M United StatesBoeing IDS 8,120[24] 4,210 to GTO
2,722 to escape[24]3[24] Retired 2003 2006 Delta IV-M Delta IV-M+(4,2) United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 11,750[25] 5,740 to GTO[25] 8[24] Operational 2002 Delta IV-M+(4,2) Delta IV-M+(5,2) United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 10,250[25] 4,590 to GTO[25] 0[24] Operational Delta IV-M+(5,2) Delta IV-M+(5,4) United StatesUnited Launch Alliance 13,500[25] 16,470 to GTO[25] 1[24] Operational 2009[26] Delta IV-M+(5,4) Diamant 
FranceSEREB Retired 1965 1975 Diamant Dnepr-1 
UkraineYuzhmash 3,700[27] €10 (US$14)[2] 16 Operational 1999 Dnepr-1 Energia[note 5] 
Soviet UnionNPO Energia 100,000[28] 20,000 to GTO[28]
32,000 to TLI[28]240[note 6] 1[29] Retired 1987 1987 Energia Energia-Buran Soviet UnionNPO Energia (Launcher)
NPO Molniya (Orbiter)30,000[28]
[note 7]1 Retired 1988 1988 Energia-Buran Epsilon 
JapanIHI Aerospace[30] 1,200[31] 0 Development[31] Epsilon Falcon 1 United StatesSpaceX 670 7 5 Retired[32] 2006 2009 Falcon 1 Falcon 1e United StatesSpaceX 1,010 10.9 10,792 0 Development[32] Falcon 1e Falcon 9 United StatesSpaceX 10,450[33][34] 4,680 to GTO[33] 56[33] 5,359 2 Operational 2010 Falcon 9 Falcon Heavy United StatesSpaceX 53,000[35] 19,000 to GTO[35]
16,000 to TLI[35]80–125 2,204 0 Development Falcon Heavy GSLV Mk.I(a) IndiaISRO 5,100 1,500 to GTO 1 Retired
[citation needed]2001 2001 GSLV Mk.I(a) GSLV Mk.I(b) IndiaISRO 1,900 4 Retired
[citation needed]2004 2007 GSLV Mk.I(b) GSLV Mk.I(c) IndiaISRO 1 Operational 2010 GSLV Mk.I(c) GSLV Mk.II IndiaISRO 2,500[36] 1 Operational 2010 GSLV Mk.II GSLV Mk.III IndiaISRO[37] 10,000 4,500–5,000[38] 0 Development GSLV Mk.III H-I Japan
United StatesMitsubishi Heavy Industries 3,200 1,100 to GTO 9 Retired 1986 1992 H-I H-II JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries 5[39][note 8] Retired 1994 1998 H-II H-IIA 202 JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries 10,000[40] 3,800 to GTO[40] 7[40] Operational 2001 H-IIA 202 H-IIA 204 JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries 5,800 to GTO[40] 1[40] Operational 2006 H-IIA 204 H-IIA 2022 JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries 4,200[40] 3[40] Retired 2005 2007 H-IIA 2022 H-IIA 2024 JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries [40] 7[40] Retired 2002 2008 H-IIA 2024 H-IIB 304 JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries 19,000[41] 8,000[42] 2[43] Operational 2009 H-IIB 304 H-II/SSB JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries 1[39] Retired 1995 1995 H-II/SSB H-IIS JapanMitsubishi Heavy Industries 1[note 9][39] Retired 1999 1999 H-IIS Haas 
RomaniaARCA 0 Development Haas J-I JapanIHI Corporation
Nissan Motors[44]0(+1) Retired 1996 1996 J-I Kaituozhe-1 
ChinaCALT 50[citation needed] 2 Operational[citation needed] 2002 Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos-3M RussiaNPO Polyot 1,500 €12 million[2] 442 Operational 1967 Kosmos-3M Lambda 4S JapanNissan Motors[44] 26[31] 5 Retired 1966 1970 Lambda 4S Long March 1 ChinaCALT 300 3 Retired[45] 1969 1971 Long March 1 Long March 1D ChinaCALT 0(+3) Operational[citation needed] 1995[note 10] Long March 1D Long March 2A ChinaCALT 1,800 1 Retired 1974 1974 Long March 2A Long March 2C ChinaCALT 2,400 32 Operational 1975 Long March 2C Long March 2D ChinaCALT 3,500 14 Operational 1992 Long March 2D Long March 2E ChinaCALT 7 Retired 1990 1995 Long March 2E Long March 2F ChinaCALT 8,400 3,370 7 Operational 1999 Long March 2F Long March 2F/G ChinaCALT 1 Operational 2011 Long March 2F/G Long March 3 ChinaCALT 5,000 1,340 14 Retired 1984 2000 Long March 3 Long March 3A ChinaCALT 8,500[citation needed] 2,650 to GTO[46] Operational 1994 Long March 3A Long March 3B ChinaCALT 12,000 [47] 10 Operational 1996 Long March 3B Long March 3B/E ChinaCALT 4 Operational 2007 Long March 3B/E Long March 3B(A) ChinaCALT 0 Development Long March 3B(A) Long March 3C ChinaCALT 3,700 [48] 4
[citation needed]Operational 2008 Long March 3C Long March 4A ChinaCALT 2
[citation needed]Retired 1988 1990 Long March 4A Long March 4B ChinaCALT 4,200 1,500 to GTO[citation needed] 11
[citation needed]Operational 1999 Long March 4B Long March 4C ChinaCALT 4,200[citation needed] 1,500 to GTO[citation needed] Operational 2007 Long March 4C Long March 5 ChinaCALT 25,000 [49] 14,000 to GTO [49] 0 Development Long March 5 Long March 6 ChinaCALT 0 Development
since 2009Long March 6 Long March 7 ChinaCALT 500 to SSO[citation needed] 0 Development
since 2009Long March 7 M-V JapanNissan Motors[44] (-2000)
IHI AEROSPACE[30] (-2006)1,800 - 1,850[31] 7 Retired 1997 2006 M-V Minotaur I United StatesOrbital 10[50] Operational 2000 2011 Minotaur I Minotaur IV United StatesOrbital 1,735[citation needed] 2(+2) Operational 2010 Minotaur IV Minotaur V United StatesOrbital 640 to GTO
447 to TLI0 Development Minotaur V Molniya Soviet UnionRSC Energia Retired 1960 1964 Molniya Molniya-M Soviet Union
RussiaRSC Energia 275 Retired 1964 2010 Molniya-M Mu-3C JapanNissan Motors[44] 195[31] 4 Retired 1974 1979 Mu-3C Mu-3H JapanNissan Motors[44] 300[31] 3 Retired 1977 1978 Mu-3H Mu-3S JapanNissan Motors[44] 300[31] 4 Retired 1980 1984 Mu-3S Mu-3SII JapanNissan Motors[44] 770[31] 8 Retired 1985 1995 Mu-3SII Mu-4S JapanNissan Motors[44] 180[31] 4 Retired 1971 1972 Mu-4S N1 Soviet UnionNPO Energia 95,000 [51][52][53][note 11] 4 [54] Retired 1969 1972 N1 N-I Japan
United StatesMitsubishi Heavy Industries 1,200[citation needed] 360 to GTO[citation needed] Retired[citation needed] 1975 1982 N-I N-II Japan
United StatesMitsubishi Heavy Industries 2,000[citation needed] 730[citation needed] 8 Retired 1981 1987 N-II Naro-1 
South Korea
RussiaKARI/Khrunichev 100[citation needed] 2[citation needed] Development[citation needed] 2009 2010 Naro-1 Paektusan 
North KoreaKCST 1[citation needed] Retired[citation needed] 1998 1998 Pegasus United StatesOrbital 443 40[citation needed] Operational 1990 2008 Pegasus Polyot Soviet UnionRSC Energia 1,400 2[citation needed] Retired[citation needed] 1963 1964 Polyot Proton Soviet Union
RussiaKhrunichev 21,600[55] 6,360 to GTO[55] 85 [56] 4,302[56] 335 [57] Operational 1965 Proton PSLV IndiaISRO 3,200[58] 1,600 to SSO
1,050 to GTO[59]17 11 Operational 1993 PSLV PSLV-CA IndiaISRO 2,800[58] 1,100 to SSO[59] 17 6 Operational 2007 PSLV-CA PSLV-XL IndiaISRO 3,800[59] 1,750 to SSO
1,300 to GTO[59]2 Operational 2008 PSLV-XL PSLV-HP IndiaISRO 4,000[59] 1,900 to SSO
1,440 to GTO[59]0 Development PSLV-HP Rokot RussiaKhrunichev 1,950 14[60] 14[61] Operational 1990 Safir 
IranIranian Space Agency 3 Operational[citation needed] 2008 Safir Saturn I United StatesChrysler (S-I)
Douglas (S-IV)10
[citation needed]Retired 1961 1965 Saturn I Saturn IB United StatesChrysler (S-IB)
Douglas (S-IVB)20,412[citation needed] 9[62] Retired 1966 1975 Saturn IB Saturn V United StatesBoeing (S-IC)
North American (S-II)
Douglas (S-IVB)118,000[63] 47,000 to TLI[63] 185 (1.11 billion in 2011)[64] 13[65][66][note 12] Retired 1967 1973 Saturn V Scout United StatesUS Air Force/NASA 150 Retired[citation needed] 1961 1994 Scout Shavit 
IsraelIAE 160 15 9 Operational 1988 Shavit Shtil' RussiaMakeyev 160 - 430 Operational[citation needed] 1998 Shtil' Simorgh IranIranian Space Agency 60-100[67][68] 0 Development[citation needed] Simorgh SLS United StatesAlliant Techsystems (SRBs)
70,000 — 130,000[70] 0 Development SLS SLV IndiaISRO 40 4 Retired[citation needed] 1979 1983 SLV Soyuz Soviet UnionRSC Energia 6,450 30 Retired 1966 1975 Soyuz Soyuz-L Soviet UnionRSC Energia 5,500 3 Retired 1970 1971 Soyuz-L Soyuz-M Soviet UnionRSC Energia 6,600 Retired 1971 1976 Soyuz-M Soyuz-U Soviet Union
RussiaTsSKB-Progress 6,200–6,700 kg from Plesetsk)
6590-6950 from Baikonour[71]Operational 1973 Soyuz-U Soyuz-U2 Soviet Union
RussiaTsSKB-Progress Retired 1982 1995 Soyuz-U2 Soyuz-FG RussiaTsSKB-Progress 6,790–7130 kg[72] Operational 2001 Soyuz-FG Soyuz-2.1a RussiaTsSKB-Progress 7(+1) Operational 2004[note 13] Soyuz-2.1a Soyuz-2.1b RussiaTsSKB-Progress 4 Operational 2011 Soyuz-2.1b Soyuz-2.1v RussiaTsSKB-Progress 2,850 0 Development Soyuz-2.1v Space Shuttle United StatesAlliant Techsystems (SRBs)
Martin Marietta (ET)
Rockwell International (Orbiter)24,400[note 7] 300 [56] 10,416 [56] 135[73] Retired 1981 2011 Space Shuttle Sputnik 8K71PS Soviet UnionRSC Energia 500 2 Retired[citation needed] 1957 1957 Sputnik 8K71PS Sputnik 8A91 Soviet UnionRSC Energia 1,327 Retired[citation needed] 1958 1958 Sputnik 8A91 Start-1 RussiaMITT 532 167 to SSO Operational[citation needed] 1993 Start-1 Strela RussiaKhrunichev 1,700 €5 million.[2] Operational[citation needed] 2003 Strela Taurus United StatesOrbital 1,320 Operational[citation needed] 1994 2011 Taurus Taurus II United StatesOrbital Sciences Corporation 6,000[74] 1,900 to GTO[74] 0 Development Taurus II Titan II GLV United StatesMartin Marietta 11(+1) Retired 1964 1966 Titan II GLV Titan II(23)G United StatesMartin Marietta Retired 1988 2003 Titan II(23)G Titan IIIA United StatesMartin Marietta Retired 1964 1965 Titan IIIA Titan IIIB United StatesMartin Marietta 70 Retired 1966 1987 Titan IIIB Titan IIIC United StatesMartin Marietta 36 Retired 1965 1982 Titan IIIC Titan IIID United StatesMartin Marietta 22 Retired 1971 1982 Titan IIID Titan IIIE United StatesMartin Marietta 7 Retired 1974 1977 Titan IIID Titan 34D United StatesMartin Marietta 15 Retired 1982 1989 Titan 34D Titan IVA United StatesMartin Marietta Retired 1989 1998 Titan IVA Titan IVB United StatesLockheed Martin 21,682[75] 5,761 to GTO [75]
(9,000 with upper stage)432 39 Retired 1997 2005 Titan IVB Tronador 2.0 
ArgentinaCONAE 0 Development[citation needed] Tronador 2.0 Tsyklon-2A Soviet UnionYuzhmash 8 Retired 1967 1969 Tsyklon-2A Tsyklon-2 Soviet Union
UkraineYuzhmash 106 Retired 1969 2006 Tsyklon-2 Tsyklon-3 Soviet Union
UkraineYuzhmash Retired 1977 2009 Tsyklon-3 Tsyklon-4 UkraineYuzhmash 0 Development Tsyklon-4 Unha North KoreaKCST 100 2 Operational 2006 Unha Vanguard United StatesMartin 23 11(+1) Retired 1957 1959 Vanguard Vega EuropeESA/ASI 1,500 0 Development
since 1998Vega VLS-1 
BrazilAEB 380 2[note 14] Operational 1997 VLS-1 Volna RussiaMakeyev 100 1(+5)[A] Operational[citation needed] 1995[note 15] Volna Voskhod Soviet UnionRSC Energia Retired 1963 1976 Voskhod Vostok-L Soviet UnionRSC Energia 4 Retired 1960 1960 Vostok-L Vostok-K Soviet UnionRSC Energia Retired 1960 1964 Vostok-K Vostok-2 Soviet UnionRSC Energia 45 Retired 1962 1967 Vostok-2 Vostok-2M Soviet UnionRSC Energia 93 Retired 1964 1991 Vostok-2M Soyuz/Vostok Soviet UnionRSC Energia Retired 1965 1966 Soyuz/Vostok Zenit-2 Soviet Union
UkraineYuzhnoye 13,740[76] 37[43] Retired 1985 2004[77] Zenit-2 Zenit-2M (2SLB) UkraineYuzhnoye 13,920[76] 1 Operational 2007 Zenit-2M (2SLB) Zenit-3F UkraineYuzhnoye[note 16] 1 Operational 2011 Zenit-3F Zenit-3SL UkraineYuzhmash
RKK Energia [note 17]6,100 5,250 to GTO €60 million[2] 30 Operational 1999 Zenit-3SL Zenit-3SLB UkraineYuzhmash
RKK Energia [note 16]3,750 to GTO 4 Operational 2008 Zenit-3SLB Proposed and design concepts
Main article: List of launch vehicle plansNotes
- ^ A full listing of the Ariane 5 launch history is in its main article.
- ^ Suborbital test in 1969, first orbital launch attempt in 1970
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l With 9.5 foot (2.9 metre) fairing
- ^ No flights planned, but 5 unsold heavies could be used.
- ^ Without Buran, and assuming payload providing orbital insertion
- ^ Encyclopedia Astronautica quotes Energia's "flyaway unit cost" at "$764 million in 1985 dollars". However the realistic exchange rate of Soviet currency was drastically different from the official conversion rate which had been set by decree at 0.8 Soviet rubles per US$1. Unofficially one US dollar in 1980s was in terms of purchasing power roughly equivalent to four Soviet rubles.
- ^ a b The US Space Shuttle Transportation System and the Soviet Energia-Buran system, consist of launch vehicle rockets and returnable spaceplane orbiter. Payload values listed here are for the mass of the payload in cargo bay of the spaceplanes, excluding the mass of the spaceplanes themselves.
- ^ Not including two launches made using the H-II/SSB and H-IIS configurations
- ^ Only launch failed to achieve orbit
- ^ Suborbital test flights in 1995, 1997 and 2002, no orbital launches attempted
- ^ The N1 rocket was initially designed for 75mt LEO capacity and launch attempts were made with this version, but there were studies to increase the payload capacity to 90—95 mt, if a liquid-hydrogen upper stage engine could be developed.
- ^ The Saturn V made 13 launches, 12 of which reached the correct orbits, and the other (Apollo 6) reached a different orbit than the one which had been planned; however, some mission objectives could still be completed; NASA, Saturn V News Reference, Appendix: Saturn V Flight History (1968). For more information, see the Saturn V article. The Saturn V launch record is usually quoted as having never failed, e.g. "The rocket was masterminded by Wernher Von Braun and did not fail in any of its flights", Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin; Saturn, but the Apollo 6 launch should be considered a partial mission failure. The 13th launch of Saturn V was in special configuration (SA-513) with the Skylab.
- ^ Suborbital test flight in 2004, first orbital launch in 2006
- ^ A third rocket exploded before launch
- ^ First orbital launch attempt in 2005
- ^ a b Operated by Land Launch
- ^ Operated by Sea Launch
References
- ^ a b c "Angaga Launch Vehicle Family". Khrunichev. http://www.khrunichev.ru/main.php?id=44.
- ^ a b c d e European Space Directory 2006. Referenced in: Brian Harvey, The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program. p.296.
- ^ a b Семейство ракет-носителей «Ангара», date unknown, Retrieved 2010-08-09.
- ^ a b http://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara7.html
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az Gunter, Krebs. "Ariane-1, -2, -3, -4". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/ariane.htm. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
- ^ a b "Ariane 5 Users Manual, Issue 4, P. 39 (ISS orbit)" (PDF). Arianespace. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927021638/http://www.arianespace.com/site/documents/Ariane5_users_manual_Issue4.pdf. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
- ^ "Ariane 5 delivers a record performance with two payloads for new Arianespace customers". Arianespace. http://www.arianespace.com/news-mission-update/2011/789.asp. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
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