- Molniya (rocket)
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For other uses, see Molniya (disambiguation).
Molniya 8K78 was a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and had four stages.
This derivative of the original three stage Vostok rocket was especially designed to bring high flying satellites into orbit or to launch probes to other planets. The first launch of this rocket was on October 10 in 1960 from Baikonur Cosmodrome. It was used in the 1960s to launch the majority of Soviet space probes to Moon, Mars and Venus.
In the mid 1960s, it was superseded by the modernised Molniya-M.
Molniya (Молния) is Russian for 'Lightning'.
Associated Spacecraft: Astron, Granat, Luna Ye-8-5M, Vega 5VK, Venera 4V-1, Venera 4V-2.
See also
Soviet and Russian expendable launch vehicles Active In development Former Expendable launch systems Current Ariane 5 · Atlas V · Delta (II · IV) · Dnepr-1 · GSLV · H-IIA · H-IIB · Kaituozhe-1 · Kosmos-3M · Long March (1D · 2C · 2D · 2F · 3A · 3B · 3C · 4B · 4C) · Minotaur (I · IV) · Naro-1 · Paektusan · Pegasus · Proton (K · M) · PSLV · Rokot · Safir · Shavit · Shtil' · Start-1 · Strela · Soyuz (U · FG · 2) · Taurus · Unha · VLS-1 · Volna · Zenit (2 · 2M · 3SL · 3SLB)
Planned Angara · Athena (Ic · IIc) · GSLV III · Haas · Long March (5 · 6 · 7) · Minotaur V · RPS-420 · Rus-M · Soyuz-1 · Simorgh · TSLV · Taurus II · Tsyklon-4 · Vega · Zenit-3F
Previous Ariane (1 · 2 · 3 · 4) · ASLV · Athena (I · II) · Atlas (B · D · E/F · G · H · I · II · III · LV-3B · SLV-3 · Able · Agena · Centaur) · Black Arrow · Caleb · Conestoga · Delta (A · B · C · D · E · G · J · L · M · N · 0100 · 1000 · 2000 · 3000 · 4000 · 5000 · III) · Diamant · Energia · Europa · Falcon 1* · Feng Bao 1 · H-I · H-II · J-I · Juno I · Juno II · Kosmos (1 · 2I · 3) · Lambda (4S) · Long March (1 · 2A · 2E · 3 · 4A) · Mu (4S · 3C · 3H · 3S · 3SII · V) · N1 · N-I · N-II · Pilot · R-7 (Luna · Molniya (M) · Polyot · Soyuz (L · M · U2) · Soyuz/Vostok · Sputnik · Voskhod · Vostok (L · K · 2 · 2M)) · Saturn (I · IB · V · INT-21) · Scout · SLV · Sparta · Thor (Able · Ablestar · Agena · Burner · Delta · DSV-2U) · Thorad-Agena · Titan (II GLV · IIIA · IIIB · IIIC · IIID · IIIE · 34D · 23G · CT-3 · IV) · Tsyklon (2 · 3) · Vanguard
- - Falcon 1 designed for partial reuse, however recovery failed on the first three flights and remaining vehicles were flown expendably
R-7 rockets Main articles R-7 family · R-7 SemyorkaRockets MissilesR-7 Semyorka · R-7A SemyorkaLaunch SystemsVostokLuna · Vostok-L · Vostok-K · Vostok-2 · Vostok-2MMolniyaMolniya · Molniya-MLaunch sites Site 1/5 · Site 31/6Site 41/1 · Site 16/2 · Site 43/3 · Site 43/4ELSLaunches 1957-1959 · 1960-1964 · 1965-1969 · 1970-1974 · 1975-1979 · 1980-1984 · 1985-1989 · 1990-1994 · 1995-1999 · 2000-2004 · 2005-2009 · 2010-2014See also Categories:- 1960 in spaceflight
- 1961 in spaceflight
- 1962 in spaceflight
- 1963 in spaceflight
- 1973 in spaceflight
- Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union
- R-7 rockets
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