List of NASA missions

Piloted Mercury launches

All Gemini Launches from GT-1 through GT-12.

All Saturn IB launches from AS-201 through ASTP

All Saturn V launches, 1967–1973.

Shuttle launch profiles. From left to right: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour. (135 orbital missions between them)

This is a list of NASA missions, both manned and unmanned, since its establishment in 1958.

Human spaceflight

Main article: Human spaceflight

NASA has successfully launched over 100 manned flights. Three have ended in failure, causing the death of the crew, such as Apollo 1 in 1967, STS-51-L (the Challenger disaster) in 1986, and STS-107 (the Columbia disaster) in 2003:

Program	Start Date	End Date	No. of launched crewed missions	Notes
Mercury program	1959	1963	6	First U.S. crewed program
Gemini program	1963	1966	10	Program used to practice space rendezvous and EVAs
Apollo program	1961	1972	11[1]	Brought first human to the Moon
Skylab	1973	1974	3	The crewed missions only took place in 1973 and 1974; first American space station
Apollo-Soyuz	1975	1975	1	Joint with Soviet Union
Space Shuttle	1981	2011	135	First missions in which a spacecraft was reused
Shuttle-Mir Program	1995	1998	9[2]	Russian partnership
International Space Station	1998	On-going	19[3]	Joint with Russia, Canada, ESA, and JAXA along with co-operators, ASI and AEB
Project Constellation	Cancelled	Cancelled[1]	0	Future program to once again bring humans to the Moon, Mars and beyond

• ^ Apollo 1 was unlaunched due to a fire during testing that killed the astronauts, and is not counted here
• ^ The Shuttle-Mir missions were all Space Shuttle missions, and are also counted under the Space Shuttle program missions in the table.
• ^ The missions (International Space Station) counted here are only the NASA Space Shuttle missions, and are also counted under the Space Shuttle program missions in the table.

Future

On May 7, 2009 the Obama Administration announced the launch of an independent review of planned U.S. human space flight activities with the goal of ensuring that the nation is on a vigorous and sustainable path to achieving its boldest aspirations in space. The review will be conducted by a blue-ribbon panel of experts led by Norman Augustine, the former CEO of Lockheed Martin, who served on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology under Democrat and Republican presidents.

The "Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans" is to examine ongoing and planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) development activities, as well as potential alternatives, and present options for advancing a safe, innovative, affordable, and sustainable human space flight program in the years following Space Shuttle retirement. The panel will work closely with NASA and will seek input from the United States Congress, the White House, the public, industry, and international partners as it develops its options. It is to present its results in time to support an Administration decision on the way forward by August 2009.^[2]

In February 2010, Obama announced he proposes to cancel the Constellation Program as part of the 2011 Economic Projects to goal the USA to be booming by 2020. Constellation was officially cancelled by the NASA Budget Authorization Act on 11 October 2010.

Unmanned missions

Main article: Unmanned spaceflight

Lunar missions

See also: Exploration of the Moon

Clementine Lunar Prospector Lunar Orbiter program Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Moon Mineralogy Mapper – instrument for ISRO's Chandraayan-1 Ranger program Surveyor program Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) [3]

Pioneer 0 Pioneer 1 Pioneer 2 Pioneer P-1 Pioneer P-3 Pioneer P-30 Pioneer P-31 Pioneer 3 Pioneer 4

Mars missions

See also: Exploration of Mars

• Mariner 4
• Mariner 6 and 7
• Mariner 9
• Mars Exploration Rovers – (Spirit and Opportunity rovers)
• Mars Global Surveyor
• Mars Odyssey
• Mars Pathfinder – (Sojourner rover)
• Mars Polar Lander
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
• Phoenix
• Viking program

Asteroidal/cometary missions

• NEAR Shoemaker
• Deep Space 1
• Stardust
• Deep Impact

Interplanetary missions

• Cassini–Huygens – Saturn and its moons
• Dawn – Vesta in 2011-2012, and Ceres in 2014
• Galileo – Jupiter and its moons
• Juno Spacecraft Mission – Jupiter-bound for polar orbit in 2016^[4]
• Magellan – Venus orbiter
• Mariner program – Venus, Mars, and first to Mercury
• MESSENGER – Mercury
• New Horizons – Pluto and its moons in 2015
• Pioneer 5 – interplanetary space between Earth and Venus
• Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9 – Solar wind, solar magnetic field and cosmic rays
• Pioneer 10 – first to the asteroid belt and Jupiter
• Pioneer 11 – asteroid belt and Jupiter, first to Saturn
• Pioneer Venus project
• Voyager 1 – Jupiter, Saturn
• Voyager 2 – Jupiter, Saturn, first to Uranus and Neptune

Sun observing missions

• Solar Maximum Mission
• SOHO – ESA partnership
• Ulysses – ESA partnership
• STEREO
• Solar Dynamics Observatory
• Genesis (spacecraft)

Earth satellites

Biosatellite 1, 2 and 3 Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1 (HEAO 1) Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)

Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) NanoSail-D & NanoSail-D2 Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) Space Technology 5 (ST5) Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) Uhuru Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)

Earth Observing System

See also: Earth Observing System

^[5]

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) – National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)[6]

Landsat

See also: Landsat program

^[7]

Landsat 1 Landsat 2 Landsat 3 Landsat 4

Landsat 5 Landsat 6 Landsat 7

Great Observatories program

See also: Great Observatories

• Hubble Space Telescope – ESA partnership
• Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
• Chandra X-ray Observatory
• Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly known as the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, SIRTF)

Planned missions

• James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) – ESA partnership – launch scheduled for 2014^[8][9]
• Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) – launch expected late 2012^[10]
• Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) – (Curiosity rover) – launch window scheduled between November 25 and December 18, 2011^[11]
• Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) – launch scheduled for February 3, 2012 ^[12]
• Origins Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) – launch scheduled for 2016^[13]

Cancelled missions

• Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF)
• Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
• Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
• Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (MTO)
• Pluto Kuiper Express (PLUTOKE) – replaced by New Horizons

See also

• Space exploration
• When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions – 2008 documentary covering NASA's mission history.

References

1. ^ http://www.spacenews.com/civil/100930-house-gives-final-approval-nasa-authorization-act.html
2. ^ OSTP Press Release Announcing Review (pdf, 50k)
3. ^ "GRAIL Mission: Fact Sheet". MoonKAM.UCSD.edu. https://moonkam.ucsd.edu/about/grail_fact_sheet. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 
4. ^ "Juno Mission to Jupiter". NASA. 04/09. pp. 2. http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/316306main_JunoFactSheet_2009sm.pdf. Retrieved April 5, 2011. 
5. ^ http://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/missions/
6. ^ "NPP Launch Information". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NPP/launch/index.html. Retrieved 2011-07-16. 
7. ^ Landsat Missions Timeline
8. ^ "JWST Home Page". NASA. http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 
9. ^ "10-Year Plan for Astrophysics Takes JWST Cost into Account". SpaceNews.com. 2010-08-20. http://www.spacenews.com/civil/100820-plan-astrophysics-jwst-account.html. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 
10. ^ "Landsat Data Continuity Mission". USGS. http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_ldcm.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 
11. ^ "MSL Fact Sheet" (Press release). NASA Facts. March 2011. http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/news/pdfs/MSL_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 
12. ^ "NuSTAR". NASA. http://science.nasa.gov/missions/nustar/. Retrieved 2011-07-16. 
13. ^ "NASA To Launch New Science Mission To Asteroid In 2016". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/may/HQ_11-163_New_Frontier.html. Retrieved 2011-08-25.