Arrows

This article is about a Formula One team. For other meanings of 'Arrow' and 'Arrows', see Arrow (disambiguation).

Arrows

Full name	Arrows Grand Prix International
Base	Milton Keynes, UK, later Leafield, UK
Founder(s)	Franco Ambrosio Alan Rees Jackie Oliver Dave Wass Tony Southgate
Noted staff	Tom Walkinshaw
Noted drivers	Riccardo Patrese Derek Warwick Eddie Cheever Thierry Boutsen Damon Hill
Formula One World Championship career
Debut	1978 Brazilian Grand Prix
Races competed	368
Constructors' Championships	0
Drivers' Championships	0
Race victories	0 (Best finish: five 2nd places, last one at 1997 Hungarian Grand Prix)
Podiums	9
Points	164
Pole positions	1
Fastest laps	0
Final race	2002 German Grand Prix

Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002. For a period of time, it was also known as Footwork.

Origins

The Arrows Grand Prix International team was founded in 1977, by Italian financier Franco Ambrosio, Alan Rees, Jackie Oliver, Dave Wass and Tony Southgate (from whose surnames' initials the team took its name) when Rees, Oliver, Wass and Southgate left the Shadow team.

The team was started in Milton Keynes, England and produced their first Formula One car in just 53 days. Arrows signed up Riccardo Patrese who scored points in the US West Grand Prix at Long Beach in the car's third race.

Ambrosio left the team after having being jailed for financial irregularities in Italy. Shadow sued for copyright infringement, claiming that the Arrows FA/1 was just a copy of the Shadow DN9. The team decided to build a new car called the A1. This was completed in 52 days and appeared the day after the High Court in London banned the team from racing the FA/1.

History

Arrows Grand Prix International

Equipped with the A10B chassis and a BMW-Megatron engine, drivers Eddie Cheever (pictured at the 2008 Goodwood Festival of Speed) and Derek Warwick ensured that 1988 was Arrows' most successful year in Formula One.

In September 1978, in the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, Patrese was involved in an accident which claimed the life of Ronnie Peterson and he was banned from racing at the following race (the United States Grand Prix) by his fellow drivers. In 1981, Patrese scored the team's only Formula One pole position in Long Beach, which he led until retiring with mechanical problems. Arrows finished joint eighth in the Constructors Championship that year.

In 1984 with BMW M12 turbo engines and sponsorship from cigarette company Barclay things got much better. That year they were ninth in the Constructors Championship and eighth in 1985. At the 1985 San Marino Grand Prix, Thierry Boutsen finished third behind Alain Prost and Elio de Angelis. However, after the race, both Prost and de Angelis were disqualified because their cars were 2kg underweight, giving Boutsen the race win. This meant that Arrows won a race for the first time in their career. But later, de Angelis was reinstated, winning for the second time in his career, and Boutsen dropped to second place, denying Arrows their first race win. In 1987, BMW removed support and the engines were badged Megatron, but the British team had their best seasons yet, finising sixth in 1987 and fifth in 1988 (the final year for turbocharged engines) thanks to frequent points finishes by drivers Eddie Cheever and Derek Warwick.

Footwork Arrows

Main article: Footwork Arrows

Japanese businessman Wataru Ohashi invested in Arrows in 1990 and the cars started displaying the Footwork logo prominently. The team was officially renamed Footwork in 1991, and secured a deal to race with Porsche engines, the car was woefully uncompetitive and in 1992 they switched to Mugen. Arrows retained the Footwork name until Ito pulled out before the 1996 season, whereupon the name of the team was changed back to Arrows. Regardless, Jackie Oliver had retained control throughout the entire period.

TWR Arrows

At the 1997 British GP, Hill scored his first point for the Arrows team.

In March 1996, Tom Walkinshaw bought a stake in the team, and in September Walkinshaw signed up World Champion Damon Hill and hired wealthy Brazilian Pedro Diniz to help pay for Hill's salary. The team nearly secured a maiden victory at the 1997 Hungarian Grand Prix where Hill started in third position and passed Michael Schumacher to take first place. A component failure in the final laps of the race saw him finish second. In the following years Walkinshaw would buy the rest of Oliver's shares. Brian Hart, who had been the engine supplier since 1995, was employed by the team, designing the Yamaha-badged engines, and later the Arrows-badged engine, in 1998.

In the 2000 Season, Jos Verstappen returned to Arrows where he had driven in 1996 alongside teammate Pedro de la Rosa. The chassis was a Arrows A21 with a Supertec engine. The Supertec engine was not the most powerful, but was still very good, and had been developed further for this season. Allied to an excellent aerodynamic package, and good rear end stability, it allowed the Arrows A21 to consistently set the best straight line speeds around the circuits. Generally, both Verstappen and de la Rosa were competitive within a close midfield. During the 2000 season, the Arrows team took part in a 13-part TV series named 'Racing Arrows' which followed the team and drivers throughout the year. It was shown on British TV channel ITV in 2001 during late-night slots.^[1]

A switch to Asiatech V10s in 2001 and the loss of a lot of staff left the team rather weaker in 2001 when Tom Walkinshaw decided to replace de la Rosa with F1 debutant Enrique Bernoldi.The team struggled through the season and Verstappen scored the team's only point in Austria.

Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Enrique Bernoldi deliberately failed to qualify at the 2002 French Grand Prix as the team's financial problems worsened.

For 2002, Tom Walkinshaw did a deal to use Cosworth V10 engines and retained Bernoldi (with support from Red Bull) but dropped Verstappen in favour of Heinz-Harald Frentzen who became available when Prost Grand Prix closed down. This caused Verstappen to successfully sue for breach of contract. That year also saw a costly payout to Pedro Diniz after unsuccessfully suing the Brazilian, who had taken his funding to Sauber for 1999. The team faced a third litigation from Frentzen, who was on contract by a race-by-race basis and who had not yet been paid. Arrows ran out of money in the midseason and did not appear at all the races at the end of the year, their drivers deliberately failing to qualify for the French Grand Prix. As a result it went into liquidation at the end of the season, also forcing TWR to close.^[2]

A consortium fronted by Phoenix Finance - run by Charles Nickerson, a friend of Walkinshaw - purchased part of the team's assets, specifically the engines, believing that together with their purchase of old Prost Grand Prix assets, it would gain them entrance for the 2003 season. However, their application was rejected by the FIA.

In their chequered history, Arrows set the unenviable record of 382 races without a win. (Although, since at 97 of those races the car was officially named "Footwork," Minardi holds the record for most races for a single marque without a win, with 349).

Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)

Year	Chassis	Engine(s)	Tyres	Drivers	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	Points	WCC
1978	Arrows FA1 Arrows A1	Ford V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	MON	BEL	ESP	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	USA	CAN		11	10th
				Riccardo Patrese		10	Ret	6	6	Ret	Ret	2	8	Ret	9	Ret	Ret	Ret	EX	4
				Rolf Stommelen			9	9	Ret	Ret	14	14	15	DNQ	DSQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	16	DNPQ
1979	Arrows A1 Arrows A2	Ford V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	BEL	MON	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA			5	9th
				Riccardo Patrese	DNS	9	11	Ret	10	5	Ret	14	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	13	Ret	Ret
				Jochen Mass	8	7	12	9	8	Ret	6	15	Ret	6	Ret	6	Ret	DNQ	DNQ
1980	Arrows A3	Ford V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	BEL	MON	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA				11	7th
				Riccardo Patrese	Ret	6	Ret	2	Ret	8	9	9	9	14	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret
				Jochen Mass	Ret	10	6	7	Ret	4	10	13	8	DNQ			11	Ret
				Mike Thackwell											DNQ
				Manfred Winkelhock												DNQ
1981	Arrows A3	Ford V8	M'P'		USW	BRA	ARG	SMR	BEL	MON	ESP	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	CPL			10	8th
				Riccardo Patrese	Ret	3	7	2	Ret	Ret	Ret	14	10	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	11
				Siegfried Stohr	DNQ	Ret	9	DNQ	Ret	Ret	Ret	DNQ	Ret	12	Ret	7	DNQ
				Jacques Villeneuve														DNQ	DNQ
1982	Arrows A4 Arrows A5	Ford V8	P		RSA	BRA	USW	SMR	BEL	MON	DET	CAN	NED	GBR	FRA	GER	AUT	SUI	ITA	CPL		5	10th
				Marc Surer				WD	7	9	8	5	10	Ret	13	6	Ret	15	11	7
				Brian Henton	DNQ	DNQ	Ret
				Mauro Baldi	DNQ	10	DNQ	WD	Ret	DNQ	Ret	8	6	9	Ret	Ret	6	DNQ	12	11
1983	Arrows A6	Ford V8	G		BRA	USW	FRA	SMR	MON	BEL	DET	CAN	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	EUR	RSA			4	10th
				Marc Surer	6	5	10	6	Ret	11	11	Ret	17	7	Ret	8	10	Ret	8
				Chico Serra	9		Ret	8	7
				Alan Jones		Ret
				Thierry Boutsen						Ret	7	7	15	9	13	14	Ret	11	9
1984	Arrows A6	Ford V8	G		BRA	RSA	BEL	SMR	FRA	MON	CAN	DET	DAL	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	EUR	POR		3	10th
				Marc Surer	7	9	8		Ret	DNQ	Ret	Ret
				Thierry Boutsen	6	12		5
	Arrows A7	BMW M12 S4 (t/c)		Marc Surer				Ret					Ret	11	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret		3	11th[nb 1]
				Thierry Boutsen			Ret		11	DNQ	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	5	Ret	10	9	Ret
1985	Arrows A8	BMW M12 S4 (t/c)	G		BRA	POR	SMR	MON	CAN	DET	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	BEL	EUR	RSA	AUS		14	8th
				Gerhard Berger	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	13	11	Ret	8	7	Ret	9	Ret	7	10	5	6
				Thierry Boutsen	11	Ret	2	9	9	7	9	Ret	4	8	Ret	9	10	6	6	Ret
1986	Arrows A8 Arrows A9	BMW M12 S4 (t/c)	G		BRA	ESP	SMR	MON	BEL	CAN	DET	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	AUT	ITA	POR	MEX	AUS		1	10th
				Marc Surer	Ret	Ret	9	9	9
				Christian Danner							Ret	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	6	8	11	9	Ret
				Thierry Boutsen	Ret	7	7	8	Ret	Ret	Ret	NC	NC	10	Ret	Ret	7	10	7	Ret
1987	Arrows A10	Megatron S4 (t/c)	G		BRA	SMR	BEL	MON	DET	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	AUT	ITA	POR	ESP	MEX	JPN	AUS		11	6th
				Derek Warwick	Ret	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	5	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	13	10	Ret	10	Ret
				Eddie Cheever	Ret	Ret	4	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	Ret	Ret	6	8	4	9	Ret
1988	Arrows A10B	Megatron S4 (t/c)	G		BRA	SMR	MON	MEX	CAN	DET	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	ESP	JPN	AUS		23	5th
				Derek Warwick	4	9	4	5	7	Ret	Ret	6	7	Ret	5	4	4	Ret	Ret	Ret
				Eddie Cheever	8	7	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	11	7	10	Ret	6	3	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret
1989	Arrows A11	Ford V8	G		BRA	SMR	MON	MEX	USA	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	ESP	JPN	AUS		13	7th
				Derek Warwick	5	5	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret		9	6	10	6	Ret	Ret	9	6	Ret
				Martin Donnelly							12
				Eddie Cheever	Ret	9	7	7	3	Ret	7	DNQ	12	5	Ret	DNQ	Ret	Ret	8	Ret
1990	Arrows A11 Arrows A11B	Ford V8	G		USA	BRA	SMR	MON	CAN	MEX	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	ESP	JPN	AUS		2	9th
				Michele Alboreto	10	Ret	DNQ	DNQ	Ret	17	10	Ret	Ret	12	13	12	9	10	Ret	DNQ
				Bernd Schneider	12													DNQ
				Alex Caffi		Ret	DNQ	5	8	DNQ	Ret	7	9	9	10	9	13		9	DNQ
1991	Arrows A11C Footwork FA12	Porsche V12	G		USA	BRA	SMR	MON	CAN	MEX	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	ESP	JPN	AUS		0	NC
				Alex Caffi	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ
				Stefan Johansson					Ret	DNQ
				Michele Alboreto	Ret	DNQ	DNQ	Ret	Ret	Ret
	Footwork FA12C	Ford V8		Stefan Johansson							DNQ	DNQ										0	NC
				Alex Caffi									DNPQ	DNPQ	DNQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	DNPQ	10	15
				Michele Alboreto							Ret	Ret	DNQ	DNQ	DNPQ	DNQ	15	Ret	DNQ	13
1992	Footwork FA13	Mugen Honda V10	G		RSA	MEX	BRA	ESP	SMR	MON	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	JPN	AUS		6	7th
				Michele Alboreto	10	13	6	5	5	7	7	7	7	9	7	Ret	7	6	15	Ret
				Aguri Suzuki	8	DNQ	Ret	7	10	11	DNQ	Ret	12	Ret	Ret	9	Ret	10	8	8
1993	Footwork FA13B Footwork FA14	Mugen Honda V10	G		RSA	BRA	EUR	SMR	ESP	MON	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	JPN	AUS		4	9th
				Derek Warwick	7	9	Ret	Ret	13	Ret	16	13	6	17	4	Ret	Ret	15	14	10
				Aguri Suzuki	Ret	Ret	Ret	9	10	Ret	13	12	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	7
1994	Footwork FA15	Ford V8	G		BRA	PAC	SMR	MON	ESP	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	EUR	JPN	AUS		9	9th
				Christian Fittipaldi	Ret	4	13	Ret	Ret	DSQ	8	9	4	14	Ret	Ret	8	17	8	8
				Gianni Morbidelli	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	5	Ret	6	Ret	9	11	Ret	Ret
1995	Footwork FA16	Hart V8	G		BRA	ARG	SMR	ESP	MON	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	EUR	PAC	JPN	AUS	5	8th
				Gianni Morbidelli	Ret	Ret	13	11	9	6	14								Ret	Ret	3
				Max Papis								Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	7	Ret	12
				Taki Inoue	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	9	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	12	8	15	Ret	Ret	12	Ret
1996	Footwork FA17	Hart V8	G		AUS	BRA	ARG	EUR	SMR	MON	ESP	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	POR	JPN		1	9th
				Ricardo Rosset	9	Ret	Ret	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	11	Ret	11	8	9	Ret	14	13
				Jos Verstappen	Ret	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	Ret	11
1997	Arrows A18	Yamaha V10	B		AUS	BRA	ARG	SMR	MON	ESP	CAN	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	AUT	LUX	JPN	EUR	9	8th
				Damon Hill	DNS	17	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	9	12	6	8	2	13	Ret	7	8	12	Ret
				Pedro Diniz	10	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	7	Ret	13	5	13	Ret
1998	Arrows A19	Arrows V10	B		AUS	BRA	ARG	SMR	ESP	MON	CAN	FRA	GBR	AUT	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	LUX	JPN		6	7th
				Pedro Diniz	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	6	9	14	Ret	Ret	Ret	11	5	Ret	Ret	Ret
				Mika Salo	Ret	Ret	Ret	9	Ret	4	Ret	13	Ret	Ret	14	Ret	DNS	Ret	14	Ret
1999	Arrows A20	Arrows V10	B		AUS	BRA	SMR	MON	ESP	CAN	FRA	GBR	AUT	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	EUR	MAL	JPN		1	9th
				Pedro de la Rosa	6	Ret	Ret	Ret	11	Ret	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	15	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	13
				Toranosuke Takagi	7	8	Ret	Ret	12	Ret	DSQ	16	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret
2000	Arrows A21	Supertec V10	B		AUS	BRA	SMR	GBR	ESP	EUR	MON	CAN	FRA	AUT	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	USA	JPN	MAL	7	7th
				Pedro de la Rosa	Ret	8	Ret	Ret	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	6	16	16	Ret	Ret	12	Ret
				Jos Verstappen	Ret	7	14	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	5	Ret	Ret	Ret	13	15	4	Ret	Ret	10
2001	Arrows A22	Asiatech V10	B		AUS	MAL	BRA	SMR	ESP	AUT	MON	CAN	EUR	FRA	GBR	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	USA	JPN	1	10th
				Jos Verstappen	10	7	Ret	Ret	12	6	8	10	Ret	13	10	9	12	10	Ret	Ret	15
				Enrique Bernoldi	Ret	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	Ret	9	Ret	Ret	Ret	14	8	Ret	12	Ret	13	14
2002	Arrows A23	Cosworth V10	B		AUS	MAL	BRA	SMR	ESP	AUT	MON	CAN	EUR	GBR	FRA	GER	HUN	BEL	ITA	USA	JPN	2	11th
				Heinz-Harald Frentzen	DSQ	11	Ret	Ret	6	11	6	13	13	Ret	DNQ	Ret
				Enrique Bernoldi	DSQ	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	12	Ret	10	Ret	DNQ	Ret

Notes

1. ^ For the purposes of the World Constructors Championship, a constructor is the combination of the person or body which designs the chassis and engine of the entry, thus Arrows-Ford and Arrows-BMW are recognised as separate entries in the championship.

Further use of Arrows chassis

The chassis and intellectual property rights for the chassis were later bought by Paul Stoddart, the then-head of the Minardi team as a potential replacement for his own team's chassis. The new Super Aguri F1 team bought the 2002 cars and ran them (with some modifications) as the SA05 during the first races of the 2006 season. One of these cars was said to have been on display at Melbourne airport before being acquired by Super Aguri. After being returned to the factory to be updated to comply with the 2006 regulations, the car was taken back to Melbourne for the Australian Grand Prix. An update still based on the same chassis was designated the SA06 and made its début at the 2006 German Grand Prix. The SA05 and SA06 did not score a single point in the 2006 season.

External links

• F1 Rejects article on Arrows from 1996 to 2002

References

1. ^ http://www.martinsharp.com/index.php?actionid=!@0Kr.3Tzpuf2&pageid=55&viewtype=normal
2. ^ "Risky Business The TWR Arrows Years 1996-2002". www.f1rejects.com. http://www.f1rejects.com/centrale/arrows/index.html. Retrieved 2008-01-06. 

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