Zeeland

Not to be confused with Zealand or New Zealand.

For other uses, see Zeeland (disambiguation).

Zeeland
—  Province  —
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Zeeuws volkslied
Location of Zeeland in the Netherlands
Country	Netherlands
Capital	Middelburg
Government
- Queen's Commissioner	Karla Peijs
Area
- Land	1,788 km2 (690.4 sq mi)
- Water	1,146 km2 (442.5 sq mi)
Area rank	10th
Population (2006)
- Land	380,186
- Rank	11th
- Density	212.6/km2 (550.7/sq mi)
- Density rank	10th
ISO 3166 code	NL-ZE
Religion (2005)	Protestant 30% Catholic 20% Muslim 1.5%
Website	[http://www.Zeeland.nl www.Zeeland.nl

Zeeland [ˈzeːlɐnt] ( listen), also called Zealand in English, is the westernmost province of the Netherlands. The province, located in the south-west of the country, consists of a number of islands (hence its name, meaning "sea-land") and a strip bordering Belgium. Its capital is Middelburg. With a population of about 380,000, its area is about 2930 km², of which almost 1140 km² is water. Large parts of Zeeland are below sea level. The last great flooding of the area was in 1953. Tourism is an important economic activity. Its beaches make it a popular holiday destination in the summer. Most tourists are Germans. In some areas, the population can be two to four times higher during high summer season. The coat of arms of Zeeland shows a lion half-emerged from water, and the text "luctor et emergo" (Latin for "I struggle and I emerge").^[1] The Pacific nation of New Zealand is named after Zeeland.

Constituent parts

From north to south, it consists of

• Schouwen-Duiveland
• Tholen
• Noord-Beveland
• Walcheren, Zuid-Beveland
• Zeeuws-Vlaanderen (Zealands Flanders)

Municipalities

Map of Zeeland

A list of the municipalities, with links to maps:

• Borsele
• Flushing (Vlissingen)[1]
• Goes[2]
• Hulst
• Kapelle[3]
• Middelburg[4]
• Noord-Beveland[5]
• Reimerswaal[6]
• Schouwen-Duiveland[7]
• Sluis
• Terneuzen
• Tholen
• Veere[8]

Municipality	Population
Borsele	22,643
Goes	36,643
Hulst	27,855
Kapelle	12,423
Middelburg	48,019
Noord-Beveland	7,408
Reimerswaal	21,450
Schouwen-Duiveland	34,131
Sluis	24,093
Terneuzen	54,892
Tholen	25,410
Veere	21,932
Vlissingen	44,608

Geography

The province of Zeeland is a large river delta situated at the mouth of several major rivers. Most of the province lies below sea level and was reclaimed from the sea by inhabitants over time. What used to be a muddy landscape, flooding at high tide and reappearing at low tide, became a series of small man-made hills that stayed dry at all times. The people of the province would later connect the hills by creating dikes, which led to a chain of dry land that later grew into bigger islands and gave the province its current shape. The shape of the islands has changed over time at the hands of both man and nature. The North Sea flood of 1953 inundated vast amounts of land that were only partially reclaimed. The subsequent construction of the Delta Works also changed the face of the province. The infrastructure, although very distinct by the amount of bridges, tunnels and dams, has not shaped the geography of the province so much as the geography of the province has shaped its infrastructure. The dams, tunnels and bridges that are currently a vital part of the province's road system were constructed over the span of decades and came to replace old ferry lines. The final touch to this process came in 2003 when the Western Scheldt Tunnel was opened. It was the first solid connection between both banks of the Westerschelde and ended the era of water separating the islands and peninsulas of Zeeland.

History

County of Zeeland Graafschap Zeeland
State of the Holy Roman Empire
←   ← 1299–1581 →
Capital	Middelburg
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Middle Ages
- Personal union with    County of Holland	1299 1299
- Joined Burgundian    Netherlands	1432
- Habsburg Seventeen    Provinces founded	1477
- Foundation of    United Provinces	26 July 1581 1581

Altar for Nehalennia in Domburg, Zeeland, the Netherlands.

Nehalennia is a goddess of the ancient religion known around the province of Zeeland. Her worship dates back at least to the 2nd century BC,^[2] and flourished in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.^[2] She was possibly a regional goddess, either Celtic or pre-Germanic – sources differ on the culture that first worshipped her. During the Roman Era, her main function appeared to be the protection of travelers, especially seagoing travelers crossing the North Sea. Most of what is known about her comes from the remains of over 160 carved stone offerings (votives) which have been dredged up from the Oosterschelde since 1970. Two more Nehalennia offering stones have also been found in Cologne, Germany.^[2]

Zeeland was a contested area between the counts of Holland and Flanders until 1299, when the count of Holland gained control of the countship of Zeeland. Since then, Zeeland followed the fate of Holland. In 1432 it became part of the Low Countries possessions of Philip the Good of Burgundy, the later Seventeen Provinces. Through marriage, the Seventeen Provinces became property of the Habsburgs in 1477. In the Eighty Years' War, Zeeland was on the side of the Union of Utrecht, and became one of the United Provinces. The area now called Zeeuws-Vlaanderen was not part of Zeeland, but a part of the countship of Flanders (still under Habsburg) that was conquered by the United Provinces, hence called Staats-Vlaanderen (see: Generality Lands). After the French occupation (see département Bouches-de-l'Escaut) and the formation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, the present province Zeeland was formed. During the Second World War, Zeeland was occupied by German forces between June 1940 and November 1944.^[1] In 1944, Zeeland was devastated by the Battle of the Scheldt and the Walcheren Landings between British and Canadian forces, and the occupying Germans.^[3] The catastrophic North Sea Flood of 1953, which killed over 1,800 people in Zeeland, led to the construction of the protective Delta Works.

Transportation

There is one passenger railway, here with municipalities and official station abbreviations:

Vlissingen (vs, vss) – Middelburg (mdb, arn) – Goes (gs) – Kapelle (bzl) – Reimerswaal (krg, kbd, rb) – connecting to Bergen op Zoom (bgn) (Noord-Brabant).

Bus connections (of Connexxion, except # 395) include:

• bus 133: Vlissingen – Middelburg – Vrouwenpolder – Oosterscheldedam – Renesse – Zierikzee – Grevelingendam – connecting to Oude-Tonge, Rotterdam-Zuidplein
• Interliner Express bus 395: Zierikzee – (Grevelingendam) – connecting to Rotterdam-Zuidplein
• bus 104: Renesse – Brouwersdam – connecting to Ouddorp – Spijkenisse
• bus 20 and 50: see Westerschelde.

Zeeland in foreign names

New Zealand

The islands of New Zealand were discovered by Dutch navigator Abel Tasman in 1642, although he did not land on New Zealand. Tasman named it Staten Landt, believing it to be part of the land of that name off the coast of Argentina. When that was shown not to be so Dutch authorities named it Nova Zeelandia in Latin, Nieuw Zeeland in Dutch. The two major seafaring provinces of the Netherlands in its Golden Age were Holland and Zeeland, and originally the Dutch explorers named the largest landmass of Oceania and the two islands to the southeast respectively Nieuw Holland and Nieuw Zeeland. The former was eventually replaced by the name Australia, but the name New Zealand remained in place for the latter. Captain James Cook of Britain subsequently called the archipelago New Zealand and soon after, British settlers arrived in New Zealand and English became the main language.

North America

The city of Zeeland in the US state of Michigan was settled in 1847 by Dutchman Jannes van de Luyster and was incorporated in 1907. The city still maintains a distinctive Dutch flavour. Flushing, a neighborhood within the borough of Queens, New York, is named after the city Flushing (Vlissingen in Dutch) in Zeeland. This dates from the period of the colony of New Netherland, when New York was still known as New Amsterdam. The Dutch colonies of Nieuw Walcheren and Nieuw Vlissingen, both on the Antillian island of Tobago, were both named after parts of Zeeland. The Canadian town of Zealand, New Brunswick, was named for the Zeeland birth place of Dutchman Philip Crouse who settled in the area in 1789.^[4]

Suriname

Paramaribo, the capital and largest city of Suriname, has a Fort Zeelandia, the former Fort Willoughby during the British colonization.

Taiwan

Map of the Netherlands, linking to the province articles; red dots mark provincial capitals and black dots other notable cities or towns.

Fort Zeelandia was a fortress built over ten years from 1624–1634 by the Dutch East India Company, in the town of Anping (Tainan) on the island of Formosa, present day Taiwan, during their 38-year rule over the western part of it.

See also

•  New Zealand
• List of cities, towns and villages in Zeeland
• Zeeland, Michigan, USA
• Zeeland, North Dakota, USA

References

1. ^ ^{a b} DeWaard, Dirk Marc (1983). Luctor et Emergo: The impact of the Second World War on Zeeland (M.A. thesis) Wilfrid Laurier University
2. ^ ^{a b c} Lendering, 2006.
3. ^ http://www.combinedops.com/Walcheren.htm
4. ^ "Zealand, New Brunswick, Canada". University Educational Series, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. http://d120788.u25.digipark.com/zealand/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 

External links

• Deltaworks Online – Flood Protection of Zeeland and Deltaregion
• Provincial Government
• Zeeland at a glance
• Zeeland Tourist Board
• Zeeland Zakelijk Links
• Zeelandforum – Discussion Forum Zeeland

Coordinates: 51°34′N 3°45′E / 51.567°N 3.75°E / 51.567; 3.75