- World record progression 4x100 metres medley relay
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The world record in the 4×100 metres medley swimming relay was first recognised in 1953[citation needed] by FINA, with world swimming governing body. Initially world records were only recognised in long course swimming pools which were a minimum of 50 metres in length – some of the early records were achieved in pools measuring 55 yards (50.29 m).[citation needed] Records set in a Short course (25 m) pool have been recognised since 3 March 1991.[citation needed]
The medley relay consists of 4 competitors swimming consecutively with each swimmer performing a different stroke:
- Backstroke (this can only be the first stroke, due to the necessity of starting this leg in the pool rather than by diving in)
- Breaststroke
- Butterfly
- Freestyle, (with the limitation that freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly – most swimmers use the front crawl)
It is possible to set a world record in the 100 m backstroke through performance by the first swimmer of the relay team. Performances in the other legs cannot qualify as world records as FINA criteria requires a static start – swimming relay takeovers are often dynamic.
The event has been a fixture of the Olympic swimming programme since 1960.
Contents
Men
Long course
# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref 1 4:39.2 Gustaf Hellsing
Lennart Brock
Roy Dahl
Hakan WestessonSweden
22 February 1953 - Helsingborg, Sweden
2 4:32.2 Gilbert Bozon
Pierre Dumesnil
Maurice Lusien
Alex JanyFrance
22 March 1953 - Charleroi, Belgium
3 4:31.5 A. Violas
Pierre Dumesnil
Julian Arene
Aldo EminenteFrance
1 April 1953 - Troyes, France
4 4:30.8 Gustaf Hellsing
Lennart Brock
Göran Larsson
Per-Olof ÖstrandSweden
17 April 1953 - Lund, Sweden
5 4:27.8 Gustaf Hellsing
Lennart Brock
Göran Larsson
Per-Olof ÖstrandSweden
24 April 1953 - Borås, Sweden
6 4:24.8 V. Lopatine
Vladimir Minashkin
P. Skripchenkov
Lev BalandinSoviet Union
13 May 1953 - Moscow, Soviet Union
7 4:21.3 V. Soloviev
Vladimir Minashkin
P. Skripchenkov
Lev BalandinSoviet Union
26 January 1954 - Moscow, Soviet Union
8 4:19.0 [[]]
[[]]
[[]]
[[]]Soviet Union
24 February 1954 - Stockholm, Sweden
[1] 9 4:14.8 G. Kuvaldin
Vladimir Minashkin
Vladimir Strushanov
Lev BalandinSoviet Union
14 August 1956 Olympic Trials Moscow, Soviet Union
[2] 10 4:17.8 (1:01.2)Katsuki Ishikara
(-)Masaru Furukawa
(-)Kazuo Tomita
(-)Takashi IshimotoJapan
7 September 1957 All-Japan Student Championships Tokyo, Japan
[3] 11 4:17.2 Keiji Hase
Takashi Ishimoto
Masaru Furukawa
Manabu KogaJapan
28 May 1958 Asian Games Tokyo, Japan
12 4:16.7 [[]]
[[]]
[[]]
[[]]Japan
29 June 1958 - Los Angeles, United States
13 4:14.2 (yd) John Monckton
Terry Gathercole
Brian Wilkinson
John DevittAustralia
25 July 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Cardiff, United Kingdom
[4] 14 4:10.4 John Monckton
Terry Gathercole
Brian Wilkinson
John DevittAustralia
22 August 1958 - Osaka, Japan
[5] 15 4:09.2 Frank McKinney
Chet Jastremski
Mike Troy
Peter SintzUnited States
24 July 1960 - Toledo, Ohio, United States
16 4:08.2 (h) Robert Bennett
Paul Hait
David Gillanders
Stephen ClarkUnited States
27 August 1960 Olympic Games Rome, Italy
17 4:05.4 Frank McKinney
Paul Hait
Lance Larson
Jeff FarrellUnited States
1 September 1960 Olympic Games Rome, Italy
[6] 18 4:03.0 Tom Stock
Chet Jastremski
Lary Schulhof
Peter SintzUnited States
20 August 1961 - Los Angeles, United States
19 4:01.6 Tom Stock
Chet Jastremski
Fred Schmidt
Peter SintzUnited States
12 August 1962 - Cuyahoga Falls, United States
20 4:00.1 Richard McGeagh
Bill Craig
Walter Richardson
Stephen ClarkUnited States
24 August 1963 - Osaka, Japan
21 3:58.4 (59.6 WR)Tom Mann
(1:09.6)Bill Craig
(56.8)Fred Schmidt
(52.4)Stephen ClarkUnited States
16 October 1964 Olympic Games Tokyo, Japan
[7] 22 3:57.2 (59.1 WR)Charles Hickcox
Ken Merten
Doug Russell
Ken WalshUnited States
31 August 1967 Universiade Tokyo, Japan
23 3:56.5 Roland Matthes
Egon Henninger
Horst-Gunther Gregor
Frank WiegandEast Germany
7 November 1967 - Leipzig, East Germany
24 3:54.9 Charles Hickcox
Don McKenzie (swimmer)
Doug Russell
Ken WalshUnited States
26 October 1968 Olympic Games Mexico City, Mexico
[8] 25 3:54.4 Roland Matthes
Klaus Katzur
Udo Poser
Lutz UngerEast Germany
8 September 1970 European Championships Barcelona, Spain
26 3:50.4 Charles Campbell
Peter Dahlberg
Mark Spitz
Jerry HeidenreichUnited States
3 September 1971 GDRvUSA Duel Leipzig, East Germany
27 3:48.16 (57.97)Mike Stamm
(1:04.22)Thomas Bruce
(54.28)Mark Spitz
(51.69)Jerry HeidenreichUnited States
4 September 1972 Olympic Games Munich, West Germany
28 3:47.28 Peter Rocca
Chris Woo
Joseph Bottom
Jack BabashoffUnited States
22 July 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada
29 3:42.22 (55.89)John Naber
(1:02.50)John Hencken
(54.26)Matt Vogel
(49.57)Jim MontgomeryUnited States
22 July 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada
30 3:40.84 Rick Carey
Steve Lundquist
Matt Gribble
Rowdy GainesUnited States
7 August 1982 World Championships Guayaquil, Ecuador
31 3:40.42 Rick Carey
Steve Lundquist
Matt Gribble
Rowdy GainesUnited States
22 August 1983 Pan American Games Caracas, Venezuela
32 3:39.30 (55.41)Rick Carey
(1:01.86)Steve Lundquist
(52.87)Pablo Morales
(49.16)Rowdy GainesUnited States
4 August 1984 Olympic Games Los Angeles, United States
33 3:38.28 Rick Carey
John Moffet
Pablo Morales
(47.84)Matt BiondiUnited States
18 August 1985 Pan Pacific Championships Tokyo, Japan
[9] 34 3:36.93 (54.56)David Berkoff
(1:01.64)Rick Schroeder
(52.38)Matt Biondi
(48.35)Chris JacobsUnited States
25 September 1988 Olympic Games Seoul, South Korea
[10] 34= 3:36.93 (53.86 WR)Jeff Rouse
(1:01.45)Nelson Diebel
(52.83)Pablo Morales
(48.79)Jon OlsenUnited States
31 July 1992 Olympic Games Barcelona, Spain
[11] 35 3:34.84 (53.95)Jeff Rouse
(1:00.32)Jeremy Linn
(52.39)Mark Henderson
(48.18)Gary Hall, Jr.United States
26 July 1996 Olympic Games Atlanta, United States
36 3:33.73 (53.87)Lenny Krayzelburg
(59.84)Ed Moses
(52.10)Ian Crocker
(47.92)Gary Hall, Jr.United States
23 September 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia
[12] 37 3:33.48 (54.17)Aaron Peirsol
(1:00.14)Brendan Hansen
(51.13)Michael Phelps
(48.04)Jason LezakUnited States
29 August 2002 Pan Pacific Championships Yokohama, Japan
38 3:31.54 (53.71)Aaron Peirsol
(59.61)Brendan Hansen
(50.39)Ian Crocker
(47.83)Jason LezakUnited States
27 July 2003 World Championships Barcelona, Spain
[13] 39 3:30.68 (53.45 WR)Aaron Peirsol
(59.37)Brendan Hansen
(50.28)Ian Crocker
(47.58)Jason LezakUnited States
21 August 2004 Olympic Games Athens, Greece
[14] 40 3:29.34 (53.16)Aaron Peirsol
(59.27)Brendan Hansen
(50.15)Michael Phelps
(46.76)Jason LezakUnited States
17 August 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China
[15] 41 3:27.28 (52.19)Aaron Peirsol
(58.57)Eric Shanteau
(49.72)Michael Phelps
(46.80)David WaltersUnited States
2 July 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA; (yd) – set in a pool measured in yards;
Records not set in finals: (h) – heat; (sf) – semifinal; (r) – relay 1st leg; (rh) – relay heat 1st leg; (b) – B final; † – en route to final mark; (tt) – time trialShort course
# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref 1 3:34.86 (52.50 WBT)Mark Tewksbury
(-)John Cleveland
(-)Tom Ponting
(-)Gary VandermeulenCanada
22 February 1992 CAN SC Nationals Winnipeg, Canada
2 3:32.57 (53.24)Tripp Schwenk
(59.43)Seth Van Neerden
(52.20)Mark Henderson
(47.70)Jon OlsenUnited States
2 December 1993 World SC Championships Palma de Mallorca, Spain
3 3:30.91 (52.28)Adrian Radley
(59.68)Ryan Mitchell
(51.10)Geoff Huegill
(47.85)Michael KlimAustralia
23 December 1996 AUS SC Nationals Melbourne, Australia
4 3:30.66 (52.72)Adrian Radley
(59.39)Phil Rogers
(51.35)Geoff Huegill
(47.20)Michael KlimAustralia
17 April 1997 World SC Championships Gothenburg, Sweden
5 3:29.88 (53.34)Matt Welsh
(59.47)Phil Rogers
(50.69)Michael Klim
(46.38)Chris FydlerAustralia
4 April 1999 World SC Championships Hong Kong, Hong Kong
6 3:29.00 (52.17)Aaron Peirsol
(58.56)David Denniston
(51.93)Peter Marshall
(46.34)Jason LezakUnited States
7 April 2002 World SC Championships Moscow, Russia
[16] 7 3:28.12 (tt) (50.95)Matt Welsh
(59.44)Jim Piper
(50.61)Geoff Huegill
(47.12)Ashley CallusAustralia
4 September 2002 AUS SC Nationals Melbourne, Australia
[17] 8 3:25.38 (51.28)Aaron Peirsol
(57.82)Brendan Hansen
(48.62)Ian Crocker
(47.66)Garrett Weber-GaleUnited States
25 March 2004 NCAA Championships East Meadow, United States
9 3:25.09 (51.35)Aaron Peirsol
(57.42)Brendan Hansen
(49.76)Ian Crocker
(46.56)Jason LezakUnited States
11 October 2004 World SC Championships Indianapolis, United States
[18] 10 3.24.29 (50.57)Stanislav Donets
(57.93)Sergey Geybel
(49.39)Yevgeny Korotyshkin
(46.40)Alexander SukhorukovRussia
13 April 2008 World SC Championships Manchester, United Kingdom
[19] 11 3.23.33 (50.60)Jake Tapp
(57.18)Paul Kornfeld
(50.18)Joe Bartoch
(45.37)Brent HaydenCanada
9 August 2009 British Gas SC Grand Prix Leeds, United Kingdom
12 3.20.71 (48.94)Nick Thoman
(57.03)Mark Gangloff
(49.93)Michael Phelps
(44.81)Nathan AdrianUnited States
18 December 2009 Duel in the Pool Manchester, United Kingdom
13 3:19.16 (49.63)Stanislav Donets
(56.43)Sergey Geybel
(48.35)Yevgeny Korotyshkin
(44.75)Danila IzotovRussia
20 December 2009 Vladimir Salnikov Swimming Cup Saint Petersburg, Russia
[20] Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: (h) – heat; (sf) – semifinal; (r) – relay 1st leg; (rh) – relay heat 1st leg; (b) – B final; † – en route to final mark; (tt) – time trialWomen
Long course
# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref 1 5:10.8 Magda Hunyadfi
Klara Killermann
Éva Székely
Valéria GyengeHungary
24 July 1953 - Budapest, Hungary
2 5:09.2 Magda Hunyadfi
Klara Killermann
Éva Székely
Valéria GyengeHungary
10 August 1953 - Bucharest, Romania
3 5:07.8 Judit Temes
Klara Killermann
Mária Littomericzky
Katalin SzőkeHungary
3 August 1954 - Budapest, Hungary
4 5:06.2 Marie-Helene Andre
Francoise Derommeleere
Odette Lusien
Josette AreneFrance
16 August 1954 - Marseille, France
5 5:02.1 (1:13.0)Joke de Korte
(1:23.4)Rika Bruins
(1:20.3)Mary Kok
(1:05.4)Geertje WielemaNetherlands
27 November 1954 - Rotterdam, Netherlands
[21] 6 5:00.1 Jopie van Alphen
Rika Bruins
Atie Voorbij
Hetty BalkenendeNetherlands
17 July 1955 - Paris, France
[22] 7 4:57.8 Eva Pajor
Éva Székely
Rypsyma Székely
Katalin SzőkeHungary
3 September 1955 - Budapest, Hungary
[22] 8 4:54.3 Lenie de Nijs
Rita Kroon
Atie Voorbij
Greetje KraanNetherlands
19 November 1956 - Hilversum, Netherlands
[22] 9 4:53.1 Joke de Korte
Ada den Haan
Tineke Lagerberg
Cocky GastelaarsNetherlands
8 December 1956 - Zwolle, Netherlands
10 4:57.0 (yd) Greetje Kraan
Ada den Haan
Atie Voorbij
Cocky GastelaarsNetherlands
18 May 1957 GBRvNED International Blackpool, United Kingdom
[23] 11 4:54.0 (yd) (1:10.9)Judy Grinham
(1:23.3)Anita Lonsbrough
(1:14.2)Chris Gosden
(1:04.6)Diana WilkinsonGreat Britain
25 July 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Cardiff, United Kingdom
[24] 12 4:52.9 Lenie de Nijs
Ada den Haan
Atie Voorbij
Cocky GastelaarsNetherlands
5 September 1958 European Championships Budapest, Hungary
[25] 13 4:51.5 (1:11.7)Ria van Velsen
Ada den Haan
Tineke Lagerberg
Cocky GastelaarsNetherlands
26 July 1959 NEDvGBR International Meet Waalwijk, Netherlands
[26] 14 4:44.6 Carin Cone
Ann Bancroft
Becky Collins
Chris von SaltzaUnited States
6 September 1959 1959 Pan American Games Chicago, United States
[27] 15 4:41.1 Lynn Burke
Patty Kempner
Carolyn Schuler
Chris von SaltzaUnited States
2 September 1960 Olympic Games Rome, Italy
16 4:40.1 Ingrid Schmidt
Heidi Pechstein
Ute Noack
Barbara GobelEast Germany
23 August 1962 European Championships Leipzig, East Germany
[28] 17 4:39.1 (1:12.2)Maria van Velsen
(1:18.0)Klenie Bimolt
(1:05.4)Ada Kok
(1:03.5)Erica TerpstraNetherlands
28 June 1964 NEDvGBR International Meet Groningen (city), Netherlands
[29] 18 4:38.1 Donna de Varona
Claudia Kolb
Judy Haroun
Pokey WatsonUnited States
4 July 1964 - Los Altos, California, United States
19 4:34.6 Cathy Ferguson
Cynthia Goyette
Martha Randall
Kathleen EllisUnited States
28 September 1964 Pre Olympic Los Angeles, United States
20 4:33.9 Cathy Ferguson
Cynthia Goyette
Sharon Stouder
Kathleen EllisUnited States
18 October 1964 Olympic Games Tokyo, Japan
21 4:30.0 Kendis Moore
Catie Ball
Ellie Daniel
Wendy FordyceUnited States
30 July 1967 Pan American Games Winnipeg, Canada
22 4:28.1 Kaye Hall
Catie Ball
Ellie Daniel
Susan PedersenUnited States
14 September 1968 Pre Olympic Colorado Springs, United States
23 4:27.4 Susan Atwood
Kim Brecht
Alice Jones
Cindy SchillingUnited States
1 September 1970 - Tokyo, Japan
24 4:27.3 Susan Atwood
Claudia Clevenger
Ellie Daniel
Linda JohnsonUnited States
11 September 1971 URSvUSAvGBR meet Minsk, Soviet Union
25 4:25.34 Susan Atwood
Lynn Vidali
Ellie Daniel
Jane BarkmanUnited States
18 August 1972 Pre Olympic Knoxville, United States
26 4:20.75 Melissa Belote
Catherine Carr
Deena Deardurff
Sandra NeilsonUnited States
3 September 1972 Olympic Games Munich, West Germany
27 4:16.84 Ulrike Richter
Renate Vogel
Rosemarie Kother
Kornelia EnderEast Germany
4 September 1973 World Championships Belgrade, Yugoslavia
[30] 28 4:13.78 Ulrike Richter
Renate Vogel
Rosemarie Kother
Kornelia EnderEast Germany
24 August 1974 European Championships Vienna, Austria
29 4:13.41 Monika Seltmann
Carola Nitschke
Andrea Pollack
Barbara KrauseEast Germany
5 June 1976 East German National Championships Berlin, East Germany
[31] 30 4:07.95 (1:02.23)Ulrike Richter
(1:10.15)Hannelore Anke
(59.53)Andrea Pollack
(56.04)Kornelia EnderEast Germany
18 July 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada
31 4:06.67 (1:01.51 =WR)Rica Reinisch
(1:09.46)Ute Geweniger
(1:00.14)Andrea Pollack
(55.56)Caren MetschuckEast Germany
20 July 1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union
32 4:05.88 Kristin Otto
Ute Geweniger
Ines Geißler
Birgit MeinekeEast Germany
6 August 1982 World Championships Guayaquil, Ecuador
33 4:05.79 Ina Kleber
Ute Geweniger
Ines Geißler
Birgit MeinekeEast Germany
26 August 1983 European Championships Rome, Italy
34 4:03.69 (1:00.59 WR)Ina Kleber
(1:08.69)Sylvia Gerasch
(59.52)Ines Geißler
(54.89)Birgit MeinekeEast Germany
24 August 1984 Friendship Games Moscow, Soviet Union
[32] 35 4:02.54 (1:00.82)Lea Loveless
(1:08.67)Anita Nall
(58.58)Crissy Ahmann-Leighton
(54.47)Jenny ThompsonUnited States
30 July 1992 Olympic Games Barcelona, Spain
36 4:01.67 (1:00.16 WR)He Cihong
(1:09.04)Dai Guohong
(58.66)Liu Limin
(53.81)Le JingyiChina
10 September 1994 World Championships Rome, Italy
[33] 37 3:58.30 (1:01.39)Barbara Bedford
(1:06.29)Megan Quann
(57.25)Jenny Thompson
(53.37)Dara TorresUnited States
23 September 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia
[34] 38 3:57.32 (1:01.18)Giaan Rooney
(1:06.50)Leisel Jones
(56.67)Petria Thomas
(52.97)Jodie HenryAustralia
21 August 2004 Olympic Games Athens, Greece
[35] 39 3:56.30 (1:01.06)Sophie Edington
(1:05.51)Leisel Jones
(56.86)Jessicah Schipper
(52.87)Libby LentonAustralia
21 March 2006 Commonwealth Games Melbourne, Australia
[36] 40 3:55.74 (1:00.79)Emily Seebohm
(1:04.94)Leisel Jones
(57.18)Jessicah Schipper
(52.83)Libby LentonAustralia
31 March 2007 World Championships Melbourne, Australia
[37] 41 3:52.69 (59.33)Emily Seebohm
(1:04.58)Leisel Jones
(56.25)Jessicah Schipper
(52.53)Libby TrickettAustralia
17 August 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China
[38] 42 3:52.19 (58.98)Zhao Jing
(1:04.12)Chen Huijia
(56.28)Jiao Liuyang
(52.81)Li ZhesiChina
1 August 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy
[39] Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA; (yd) – set in a pool measured in yards;
Records not set in finals: (h) – heat; (sf) – semifinal; (r) – relay 1st leg; (rh) – relay heat 1st leg; (b) – B final; † – en route to final mark; (tt) – time trialShort course
# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref 1 3:57.73 (1:00.31)He Cihong
(1:06.17)Dai Guohong
(59.06)Liu Limin
(52.19)Le JingyiChina
5 December 1993 World SC Championships Palma de Mallorca, Spain
2 3:57.62 (59.27)Mai Nakamura
(-)Masami Tanaka
(-)Ayari Aoyama
(-)Sumika MinamotoJapan
4 April 1999 World SC Championships Hong Kong, Hong Kong
3 3:57.46 (58.75)Courtney Shealy
(1:06.09)Kristy Kowal
(59.28)Keegan Walkley
(53.34)Maritza CorreiaUnited States
17 March 2000 Women's NCAA Championships Indianapolis, United States
4 3:55.78 (1:00.74)Therese Alshammar
(1:04.90)Emma Igelström
(57.12)Anna-Karin Kammerling
(53.02)Johanna SjöbergSweden
5 April 2002 World SC Championships Moscow, Russia
[40] 5 3:54.95 (59.37)Sophie Edington
(1:05.25)Brooke Hanson
(58.28)Jessicah Schipper
(52.05)Lisbeth LentonAustralia
9 October 2004 World SC Championships Indianapolis, United States
[41] 6 3:51.84 (58.54)Tayliah Zimmer
(1:04.95)Jade Edmistone
(56.36)Jessicah Schipper
(51.99)Lisbeth LentonAustralia
7 April 2006 World SC Championships Shanghai, China
[42] 7 3:51.36 (58.79)Margaret Hoelzer
(1:03.98)Jessica Hardy
(55.93)Rachel Komisarz
(52.66)Kara DenbyUnited States
11 April 2008 World SC Championships Manchester, United Kingdom
[43] 8 3:49.45 (56.88)Katy Murdoch
(1:03.39)Annamay Pierse
(57.29)Audrey Lacroix
(51.89)Victoria PoonCanada
9 August 2009 British Gas swimming Grand Prix Leeds, United Kingdom
9 3:47.97 (57.47)Margaret Hoelzer
(1:03.58)Jessica Hardy
(54.37)Dana Vollmer
(52.55)Amanda WeirUnited States
18 December 2009 Duel in the Pool Manchester, United Kingdom
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: (h) – heat; (sf) – semifinal; (r) – relay 1st leg; (rh) – relay heat 1st leg; (b) – B final; † – en route to final mark; (tt) – time trialReferences
- ^ "Sports in Brief: Russian Swimming Records". The Times. 1954-02-25.
- ^ "Sports in Brief". The Times. 1954-08-15. p. 3.
- ^ "Sports in Brief". The Times. 1957-09-09. p. 13.
- ^ "Empire Games Results: Swimming". The Times. 1958-07-26. p. 3.
- ^ "Swimming record for Australians". The Times. 1958-08-23. p. 3.
- ^ "Swimming night of triumph for U.S.: Two world marks and three gold medals". The Times. 1960-09-02. p. 4.
- ^ "Miss Stouder untroubled by Dutch enthusism". The Times. 1964-10-17. p. 4.
- ^ "Great feat by America". The Times. 1968-10-28. p. 11.
- ^ "Sport in Brief". The Times. 1985-08-19.
- ^ Frank Litsky (1988-09-26). "Otto Takes 6th Gold; One More For Biondi". The New York Times.
- ^ Craig Lord (1992-08-01). "Two world records steal spotlight from Hungarians". The Times. p. 27.
- ^ Christopher Clarey (2000-09-24). "U.S. makes biggest, and the final, waves; the Americans finish with a medley-relay sweep; again". The New York Times. p. SP11.
- ^ Christopher Clarey (2003-08-28). "Phelps is drenched in gold". International Herald Tribune. p. 14.
- ^ Lynn Zinser (2004-08-22). "U.S. Men Smash Record To Take the Final Gold". The New York Times. p. SP8.
- ^ Crouse, Karen (2004-08-16). "Phelps’s epic journey ends in perfection". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/17/sports/olympics/17swim.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Nick Thierry (2002-04-07). "Americans End Championships With Three World Records". SwimNews.com. http://www.swimnews.com/News/view/1612. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Maggie Ellis (2002-09-04). "Aussies Deadly in World Record Medley". SwimNews.com. http://www.swimnews.com/News/view/1735. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ "7th FINA World Championships 25m, Indianapolis 2004, USA - Men’s 4 x 100m Medley Relay Final Results". 2004-10-11. http://www.omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2004/indianapolis2004/F73_ResByHeat_139_Finals_Men_4x100_Medley.pdf.
- ^ "Russia sets 400 IM relay world record at short-course swim worlds". ESPN.com. 2008-04-13. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&id=3344981. Retrieved 2008-04-20.
- ^ "Salnikov Cup: Flash! Russian Foursome Breaks World Record". Swimming World Magazine. 2009-12-20. http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/23014.asp?q=Salnikov%20Cup:%20Flash!%20Russian%20Foursome%20Breaks%20World%20Record. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
- ^ "World swimming relay record". The Times. 1954-11-29. p. 2.
- ^ a b c "Swimming record broken". The Times. 1956-11-21. p. 14.
- ^ "British Swimmers Tie With Holland: Several World Records". The Times. 1957-05-20. p. 15.
- ^ "World record by English women swimmers: Miss Wilkinson defies Miss Fraser in thrilling finish". The Times. 1958-07-26. p. 3.
- ^ "World swimming record: British team third to Holland". The Times. 1958-09-06. p. 3.
- ^ "World Swimming Records: Dutch Turn Tables". The Times. 1959-07-27. p. 3.
- ^ "U.S. Women Break Swimming Record: Dutch Time Eclipsed". The Times. 1959-09-08. p. 16.
- ^ "German Swimmers' World Record In Relay". The Times. 1962-08-24. p. 3.
- ^ "British Swimmers Beaten: Dutch Women Set Relay Record". The Times. 1964-06-29. p. 5.
- ^ Norman Fox (1973-09-05). "Swimming". The Times. p. 9.
- ^ "East Germans set 17 world records in five days". The Times. 1976-06-07.
- ^ "Friendship Games: Two records set in medley relay". The Times. 1984-08-25.
- ^ Craig Lord (1994-10-11). "Coach remains so inscrutable". The Sunday Times. p. 10.
- ^ Christopher Clarey (2000-09-24). "U.S. makes biggest, and the final, waves; the Americans finish with a medley-relay sweep; again". The New York Times. p. 45.
- ^ Nikki Dryden (2004-08-21). "2004 Olympic Games - Finals Day 8 Aug 21". SwimNews.com. http://www.swimnews.com/News/view/3109. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Nikki Dryden (2006-03-21). "Commonwealth Games: Day 6 Finals". SwimNews.com. http://www.swimnews.com/News/view/4406. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Nikki Dryden (2007-03-31). "Phelps Wins Number 6, Aussie Women Break World Record". SwimNews.com. http://www.swimnews.com/News/view/5224. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Cowley, Michael (2008-08-17). "Australia's medley girls win gold". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/swimming/golden-girls-triumph/2008/08/16/1218911430910.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
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World records in swimming Freestyle Backstroke Breaststroke Butterfly Individual medley 100 m • 200 m • 400 mRelays Categories:- Swimming records
- World records in swimming
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