- Dental surgery
-
Dental surgery Intervention
A dental officer and his assistant remove the wisdom tooth of a crew member of the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69)ICD-10-PCS 0C?W-X) ICD-9-CM 23-24 MeSH D003813 Dental surgery is any of a number of medical procedures that involve artificially modifying dentition, in other words surgery of the teeth and jaw bones.
Contents
Types
Some of the more common are:
- Endodontic (surgery involving the pulp or root of the tooth)
- Root canal
- Pulpotomy The opening of the pulp chamber of the tooth to allow an infection to drain; Usually a precursor to a root canal
- Pulpectomy - The removal of the pulp from the pulp chamber to temporarily relieve pain; Usually a precursor to a root canal.
- Apicoectomy - A root-end resection. Occasionally a root canal alone will not be enough to relieve pain and the end of the tooth, called the apex, will be removed by entering through the gingiva and surgically extracting the diseased material.
- Root canal
- Prosthodontics (dental prosthetics)
- Crowns (caps) — artificial coverings of the tooth made from a variety of biocompatible materials, including CMC/PMC (ceramic/porcelain metal composite), gold or a tin/aluminum mixture. The underlying tooth must be reshaped to accommodate these fixed restorations
- Veneers — artificial coverings similar to above, except that they only cover the forward (labial or buccal) surface of the tooth. Usually for aesthetic purposes only.
- Bridges — a fixed prothesis in which two or more crowns are connected together, which replace a missing tooth or teeth through a bridge. Typically used after an extraction.
- Implants — a procedure in which a titanium implant is surgically placed in the bone (mandible or maxilla), allowed to heal, and 4-6 months later an artificial tooth is connected to the implant by cement or retained by a screw.
- Dentures (false teeth) — a partial or complete set of dentition which either attach to neighboring teeth by use of metal or plastic grasps or to the gingival or palatial surface by use of adhesive.
- Implant-supported prosthesis — a combination of dentures and implants, bases are placed into the bone, allowed to heal, and metal appliances are fixed to the gingival surface, following which dentures are placed atop and fixed into place.
- Orthodontic treatment
- Implants and implant-supported prosthesis — also an orthodontic treatment as it involves bones
- Apiectomy — also an orthodontic treatment as part of the underlying bone structure must be removed.
- Extraction — a procedure in which a diseased, redundant, or problematic tooth is removed, either by pulling or cutting out. This procedure can be done under local or general anesthesia and is very common — many people have their wisdom teeth removed before they become problematic.
- Fiberotomy — a procedure to sever the fibers around a tooth, preventing it from relapsing.
- periodontics
Professional dental care
See also: Oral hygieneRegular tooth cleaning by a dental professional is recommended to remove tartar (mineralized plaque) that may develop even with careful brushing and flossing, especially in areas of the mouth that are difficult to clean. Professional cleaning includes tooth scaling and tooth polishing, as well as debridement if too much tartar has accumulated. This involves the use of various instruments and/or devices to loosen and remove tartar from the teeth. Most dental hygienists recommend having the teeth professionally cleaned at least every six months[citation needed].
More frequent cleaning and examination may be necessary during the treatment of many different dental/oral disorders or due to recent surgical procedures such as dental implants. Routine examination of the teeth by a dental professional is recommended at least every year. This may include yearly, select dental X-rays. See also dental plaque identification procedure and removal.
Dental instruments and restorative materials
Main articles: Dental instruments and Dental restorative materialsDental anesthesia
Main article: Dental anesthesiaDentists inject anesthetic to block sensory transmission by the alveolar nerves. The superior alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized directly because they are difficult to approach with a needle. For this reason, the maxillary teeth are usually anesthetized locally by inserting the needle beneath the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth. The inferior alveolar nerve is probably anesthetized more often than any other nerve in the body. To anesthetize this nerve, the dentist inserts the needle somewhat posterior to the patient’s last molar.
See also
- Dentistry
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Surgery
- Tooth extraction
- Wisdom tooth
References
External links
Dentistry Recognized specialties
(in the United States)Endodontics - oral and maxillofacial pathology - Oral and maxillofacial radiology - Oral and maxillofacial surgery - Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics - Pediatric dentistry - Periodontics - Prosthodontics - Dental public healthFields that are not recognized specialties
(in the United States)Dental surgery Dental extraction - Tooth filling - Root canal therapy - Root end surgery - Scaling and root planing - Teeth cleaning -Dental bonding - Tooth polishing - Tooth bleaching - Dental implantSee also Index of oral health and dental articles - Outline of dentistry and oral health - Oral hygiene - Dental instruments - Restorative materials - Infant oral mutilationEndodontology (ICD-9-CM V3 23.0-23.2+23.7, ICD-10-PCS 0C?W-X) Diagnostic tests Electric pulp test - Thermal test - Percussion test
Dental radiographyArmamentarium and material Amalgam - Apex locator - Files and reamers - Gutta-percha - Dental dam - Rotary technology - Sodium hypochlorite - Silver points - Eucalyptol - Saline - EDTAEndodontic procedures Apicoectomy - Endodontic therapy - Internal bleaching - Endodontic retreatment - PulpotomyProsthodontology (ICD-9-CM V3 23.2-23.6, ICD-10-PCS 0C?W-X) Fixed Prosthodontic Restorations Removable Prosthodontic Restorations Prosthodontic considerations Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Other specialties
See alsoPeriodontology Tissues of the periodontium
and their physiologic entitiesAlveolar bone · Biologic width · Bundle bone · Cementum · Free gingival margin · Gingiva · Gingival fibers · Gingival sulcus · Junctional epithelium · Mucogingival junction · Periodontal ligament · Sulcular epithelium · StipplingDiagnoses Chronic periodontitis · Localized aggressive periodontitis · Generalized aggressive periodontitis · Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease · Necrotizing periodontal diseases · Abscesses of the periodontium · Combined periodontic-endodontic lesionsPathogenesis A. actinomycetemcomitans · Capnocytophaga sp. · F. nucleatum · P. gingivalis · P. intermedia · T. forsythia · T. denticolaPathologic entities Calculus · Clinical attachment loss · Edentulism · Fremitus · Furcation defect · Gingival enlargement · Gingival pocket · Gingivitis · Horizontal bony defect · Linear gingival erythema · Occlusal trauma · Periodontal pocket · Periodontal disease · Periodontitis · Plaque · Recession · Vertical bony defectDiagnosis, treatment planning,
prevention and
chemotherapeutic agentsBrushing · Bleeding on probing · Chlorhexidine gluconate · Enamel matrix derivative · Flossing · Hydrogen peroxide · Mouthwash · Oral hygiene · Tetracycline · TriclosanPeriodontal armamentarium Conventional therapy Surgical therapy and
periodontal surgeryApically positioned flap · Bone graft · Coronally positioned flap · Crown lengthening · Open flap debridement · Free gingival graft · Gingivectomy · Guided bone regeneration · Guided tissue regeneration · Implant Placement · Lateral pedicle graft · Pocket reduction surgery · Sinus lift · Subepithelial connective tissue graftImportant personalities Per-Ingvar Brånemark · Jan Lindhe · Preston D. Miller · Willoughby D. Miller · Carl E. Misch · John Mankey Riggs · Jørgen Slots · Dennis P. Tarnow · Hom-Lay Wang · James Leon Williams · W. J. YoungerOther specialties Endodontology · Orthodontology · ProsthodontologyOrthodontics (ICD-9-CM V3 24.7-24.8, ICD-10-PCS 0C?W-X) Diagnosis Appliances Archwire - Braces - Headgear - Invisalign - Elastic Ligature - Palatal expander - Quad helix - RetainerProcedures Materials Notable contributors to
the field of orthodonticsEdward Angle - David Di Biase - Allan G. Brodie - Sheldon Friel - James A. McNamara - Cecil C. SteinerOther specialties Endodontology - Periodontology - ProsthodontologyOrganizations Categories:- Dentistry procedures
- Surgical specialties
- Endodontic (surgery involving the pulp or root of the tooth)
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.