Junctional epithelium

Junctional epithelium
The gingival sulcus (G) is bounded by the enamel of the crown (A) of the tooth and the sulcular epithelium. Immediately apical to the base of the pocket, and coronal to the most coronal of the gingival fibers (H) is the junctional epithelium.

The junctional epithelium is that epithelium which lies at, and in health also defines, the base of the gingival sulcus. It attaches to the surface of the tooth with hemidesmosomes and is, on average, roughly 1 mm in width, constituting about one half of the biologic width.[1]

The junctional epithelium lies immediately apical to the sulcular epithelium, which lines the gingival sulcus from the base to the free gingival margin, where it interfaces with the epithelium of the oral cavity.

Cells in the junctional epithelium tend to have wide inter-cellular spaces, to allow the transmission of white blood cells from blood vessels to the bottom of the gingival sulcus, to help prevent disease. Damage to the junctional epithelium results in it being irregular in texture, rather than smooth, and the formation of "pocket" epithelium, which is a primary symptom of gum disease.

References

  1. ^ Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 9th Ed. W.B. Saunders, 2002, page 23.
v · d · ePeriodontology
Tissues of the periodontium
and their physiologic entities
Diagnoses
Chronic periodontitis · Localized aggressive periodontitis · Generalized aggressive periodontitis · Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease · Necrotizing periodontal diseases · Abscesses of the periodontium · Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
Pathogenesis
A. actinomycetemcomitans · Capnocytophaga sp. · F. nucleatum · P. gingivalis · P. intermedia · T. forsythia · T. denticola
Pathologic entities
Calculus · Clinical attachment loss · Edentulism · Fremitus · Furcation defect · Gingival enlargement · Gingival pocket · Gingivitis · Horizontal bony defect · Linear gingival erythema · Occlusal trauma · Periodontal pocket · Periodontal disease · Periodontitis · Plaque · Recession · Vertical bony defect
Diagnosis, treatment planning,
prevention and
chemotherapeutic agents
Brushing · Bleeding on probing · Chlorhexidine gluconate · Enamel matrix derivative · Flossing · Hydrogen peroxide · Mouthwash · Oral hygiene · Tetracycline · Triclosan
Periodontal armamentarium
Curette · Membrane · Probe · Scaler
Conventional therapy
Debridement · Scaling and root planing · Full mouth disinfection
Surgical therapy and
periodontal surgery
Apically positioned flap · Bone graft · Coronally positioned flap · Crown lengthening · Open flap debridement · Free gingival graft · Gingivectomy · Guided bone regeneration · Guided tissue regeneration · Implant Placement · Lateral pedicle graft · Pocket reduction surgery · Sinus lift · Subepithelial connective tissue graft
Important personalities
Per-Ingvar Brånemark · Jan Lindhe · Preston D. Miller · Willoughby D. Miller · Carl E. Misch · John Mankey Riggs · Jørgen Slots · Dennis P. Tarnow · Hom-Lay Wang · James Leon Williams · W. J. Younger
Other specialties
Endodontology · Orthodontology · Prosthodontology

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This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.


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