Civilization (series)

This article is about a video game series. For the TV series, see Civilisation (TV series).

"Civ" redirects here. For the first game in the Civilization series, see Civilization (video game). For other uses, see CIV.

Civilization
Genres	Turn-based strategy
Developers	Microprose Software Firaxis Games
Publishers	Microprose Software Infogrames Entertainment, SA 2K Games
Creators	Sid Meier
First release	Civilization 1991
Latest release	Civilization V 2010
Official website	http://www.civilization.com/

Conducting negotiations with Stalin of the Russians in the original Civilization.

Civilization is a series of turn-based strategy, 4X video games produced by Sid Meier. Basic gameplay functions are similar throughout the series, namely, buiding a civilization on a macro-scale from prehistory up to the near future. As of March 12, 2008, the Civilization franchise has sold more than 8 million copies, according to Take-Two Interactive.^[1][2]

All titles in the series share similar gameplay. Each turn allows the player to move his or her units on the map, build or improve new cities and units, and initiate negotiations with the computer-controlled players. In between turns, computer players can do the same.

The player will also choose technologies to research. These reflect the cultural, intellectual, and technical sophistication of the civilization, and usually allow the player to build new units or to improve their cities with new structures.

In most Civilization games, one may win by military conquest, building an interstellar space ship, or achieving the highest score, among other means.

History

The main game screen in Civilization II.

MicroProse

MicroProse, founded by Sid Meier and Bill Stealey, published Civilization in 1991.^[3] Sid Meier was the game's designer.^[3] Microprose licensed the right to use the name "Civilization" from Avalon Hill to avoid conflicts over similarities to the board game of the same name.^[3] In 1993, MicroProse was bought by Spectrum Holobyte,^[4] but the two companies remained separate. In 1996, MicroProse released the lauded^[5] Civilization II, designed by Brian Reynolds;^[3] also in 1996 Spectrum Holobyte consolidated the company under the name MicroProse, but, in a reaction to Spectrum Holobyte's decision to fire the majority of MicroProse's staff, Brian Reynolds, Jeff Briggs and Sid Meier left MicroProse and founded Firaxis.^[6]

Although Firaxis didn't own the rights to the brand name "Civilization", the company still went on to design the acclaimed^[7] Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, which is a "space-based Civilization-style game"^[8] released in 1998.^[9] This game uses a game engine that's similar to the one used in Civilization II^[10] and its storyline continues from where the Civilization franchise ended, namely the colonization of a planet in Alpha Centauri.

Court battle over brand name

In 1980, Francis Tresham designed the Civilization board game and published it through his company Hartland Trefoil, and in 1981, Avalon Hill obtained from Hartland Trefoil a license to sell the Civilization board game in the US.^[11] In April 1997 Activision acquired from Avalon Hill the rights to the name "Civilization" on its PC games, and seven months later Avalon Hill and Activision sued MicroProse over trademark infringement because of the name "Civilization".^[11]

In response to the lawsuit, in December 1997 MicroProse bought Hartland Trefoil, which was the original designer and manufacturer of the Civilization board game. This move sought to establish "MicroProse as the preeminent holder of worldwide computer game and board game rights under the Civilization brand".^[12] Then MicroProse in January the following year sued both Avalon Hill and Activision for false advertising, unfair competition, trademark infringement, and unfair business practices as a result of Activision's decision to develop and publish Civilization computer games.^[13]

In July 1998 Avalon Hill and Activision decided to settle the case against MicroProse out of court. Under the terms of the settlement, MicroProse kept all the rights to the Civilization brand, Avalon Hill had to pay MicroProse $411,000, and Activision acquired a license from MicroProse to publish Civilization: Call to Power, released in March 1999.^[11][14]

The reason Avalon Hill accepted the unfavorable settlement was because Hasbro was already negotiating the acquisition of both Avalon Hill and MicroProse. Less than one month after the settlement on August 1998, Avalon Hill was bought by Hasbro.^[11] In the same month, Hasbro bought MicroProse for $70 million.^[15] This meant that at the end of 1998, the Civilization franchise belonged to Hasbro.

Infogrames and Firaxis

Configuring city resources in Civilization III.

In January 2001, the French company Infogrames bought the Hasbro subsidiary Hasbro Interactive for $100 million,^[16] which included the rights to the Civilization franchise, the rights to the Atari brand^[17] and Hasbro's Game.com handheld game console.^[17][18]

Hasbro Interactive was renamed to Infogrames Interactive, Inc.^[19]

Civilization III was released in October 2001 by Infogrames Interactive. In May 2003 Infogrames officially renamed Infogrames Interactive to Atari Interactive.^[20] Civilization III was developed by Firaxis and had Jeff Briggs as game designer.

Take-Two

Take-Two bought the rights to the Civilization franchise from Infogrames in 2004 for $22.3 million.^[21][22] In October 2005, 2K Games, a Take-Two subsidiary, published Civilization IV, which was developed by Firaxis and had Soren Johnson as game designer.^[23]

Take Two bought Firaxis for $26.7 million including possible performance bonuses in November 2005.^[24] Take Two now owns both the developer and the publisher of the Civilization franchise. On September 21, 2010, the Microsoft Windows version of Civilization V was released,^[25] followed by the version to Mac OS X on November 23, 2010.^[26]

Civilizations and leaders represented

Throughout the various different Civilization games, over 40 different Civilizations and almost 100 different leaders have been represented. The following tables below delineate the appearances of various civilizations and leaders.

Civilizations in Civilization 

Civilization	I	II	III	III: PTW	III: Con	IV	IV: War	IV: BTS	IV: Col	Rev	V	Capital
America	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N[nb 1]	Y	Y	Washington
Apache	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Tiiis Tseba
Arabia	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Mecca (I-V) Tripoli (Rev)
Arawak	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Boriken
Austria	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Vienna
Aztec	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Tenochtitlan
Babylon	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Babylon
Byzantium	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Constantinople
Carthage	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	Carthage
Celtia	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	Cardiff (II) Entremont (III) Bibracte (IV)
Cherokee	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Chota
China	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Beijing[nb 2]
Denmark	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Copenhagen
Egypt	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Thebes
England	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	London[nb 3]
Ethiopia	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Aksum
France	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Paris[nb 3]
Germany	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Berlin
Greece	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Athens
Hittites	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Hattusas
Holy Rome	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Aachen
Inca	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Cuzco
India	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Delhi
Iroquois	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Salamanca (III) Onondaga (Col, V)
Japan	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Kyoto
Khmer	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Yasodharapura
Korea	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Seoul
Mali	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Timbuktu
Maya	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Chichen Itza (III) Mutal (IV)
Mongolia	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Samarkand (I) Karakorum (II-V)
Native America	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Cahokia
Netherlands	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Amsterdam[nb 3]
Ottomans	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Istanbul
Persia	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Persepolis
Polynesia	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Honolulu
Portugal	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Lisbon
Rome	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Rome
Russia	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Moscow
Siam	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Sukhotai
Sioux	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Little Bighorn (II) Isanti (Col)
Songhai	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Gao
Spain	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Madrid[nb 3]
Sumeria	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Ur
Tupi	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Sy Ara
Vikings	N	Y	N	Y[nb 4]	Y[nb 4]	N	Y	Y	N	N	N[nb 4]	Trondheim[nb 5]
Zulu	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Zimbabwe (I-III, Rev) Ulundi (IV)

* Entries with a blue background indicate included civs not enabled in the standard game (III: Con).
* Entries with a pink background indicate included non-playable civs (IV: Col).
* Entries with a yellow background indicate civs added through DLC (V).

Notes

1. ^ Due to the nature of Civ IV: Colonization, the American civ is technically represented by (New) England.
2. ^ Civ I uses the romanisation of Peking for Beijing.
3. ^ ^{a b c d} The colonial capitals of England, France, the Netherlands, and Spain in Civ IV: Colonization are Jamestown, Quebec, New Amsterdam, and Isabella respectively.
4. ^ ^{a b c} The Viking civilization is called Scandinavia in Civ III: Play the World; the adjective remains "Viking". In Civ V Denmark replaces the Viking civilization and has some similar features like the berserker unique unit and a leader from the Viking era.
5. ^ Civ IV uses the historical name of Nidaros for Trondheim.

Leaders in Civilization 

Name	Civ	I	II	III	III: PTW	III: Con	IV	IV: War	IV: BTS	IV: Col	Rev	V
Abu Bakr	Arabia	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
John Adams	England[nb 1]	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Agueybana	Arawak	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Amaterasu	Japan	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Alexander the Great	Greece	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Askia Mohammed	Songhai	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Asoka	India	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Augustus Caesar	Rome	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y
Otto von Bismarck	Germany	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Simón Bolívar	Spain	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Börte	Mongolia	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Boudica	Celtia	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Brennus	Celtia	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N
Cnut the Great	Vikings	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Catherine the Great	Russia	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Samuel de Champlain	France	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Charlemagne	Holy Rome	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Charles V	Austria	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
Winston Churchill	England	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N
Cleopatra VII	Egypt	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N
Mangas Coloradas	Apache	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Cunhambebe	Tupi	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Cunobeline	Celtia	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Cyrus	Persia	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Darius the Great	Persia	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y
Dido	Carthage	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Adriaen van der Donck	Netherlands	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Elizabeth I	England	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Friedrich Barbarossa	Germany	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Frederick the Great	Germany	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Louis de Frontenac	France	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
George III	England	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Mohandas Gandhi	India	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Indira Gandhi	India	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Charles de Gaulle	France	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Genghis Khan (Temujin)	Mongolia	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Gilgamesh	Sumeria	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Gunnhild	Vikings	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Hammurabi	Babylon	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Hannibal	Carthage	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N
Harald Bluetooth	Denmark	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Harun al-Rashid	Arabia	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Hatshepsut	Egypt	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Henry the Navigator	Portugal	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
Henry VIII	England	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Hiawatha	Iroquois	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Hippolyta	Greece	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Huayna Capac	Inca	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N
Isabella	Spain	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Ishtar	Babylon	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Jeanne d'Arc	France	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
João II	Portugal	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Julius Caesar	Rome	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N
Justinian I	Byzantium	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Kamehameha	Polynesia	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Kublai Khan	Mongolia	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Vladimir Lenin	Russia	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Abraham Lincoln	America	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	Y	N
Livia	Rome	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Ragnar Lodbrok	Vikings	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N
Logan	Irorquois	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Louis XIV	France	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N
Mao Zedong[nb 2]	China	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N
Mansa Musa	Mali	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Maria Theresa	Germany	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Mehmed II	Ottomans	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N
Montezuma I	Aztec	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Montezuma II	Aztec	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N
Mursili I	Hatti	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
Napoleon	France	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y
Nazca	Aztec	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Nebuchadnezzar II	Babylon	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Oconostota	Cherokee	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Oda Nobunaga	Japan	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Osman I	Ottomans	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
Pacal II	Maya	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Pachacuti	Inca	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Pericles	Greece	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Peter the Great	Russia	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Philip II	Spain	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Qin Shi Huang	China	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Ramesses II	Egypt	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y
Ram Khamhaeng	Siam	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Eleanor Roosevelt	America	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Franklin Roosevelt	America	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Sacagawea	Sioux	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Saladin	Arabia	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N
José de San Martín	Spain	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Scheherazade	Persia	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Sejong	Korea	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Shaka	Zulu	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N
Shakala	Zulu	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Sitting Bull	Sioux (II, Civ IV: Col) Native Americans (IV)	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N
Smoke-Jaguar	Maya	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
Joseph Stalin	Russia	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N
Peter Stuyvesant	Netherlands	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N
Suleiman	Ottomans	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y
Suryavarman II	Khmer	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Taizong[nb 2]	China	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Theodora	Byzantium	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
Tokugawa Ieyasu	Japan	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N
Queen Victoria	England	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N
Wang Kon	Korea	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N
George Washington	America[nb 1]	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y
William van Oranje	Netherlands	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N
Wu Zetian[nb 3]	China	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
Xerxes	Persia	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N
Zara Yaqob	Ethiopia	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N

* Entries with a blue background indicate included leaders not enabled in the standard game (III: Con)
* Entries with a pink background indicate included non-playable leaders (IV: Col)
* Entries with a yellow background indicate leaders added through DLC (V)

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Due to the nature of Civ IV: Colonization, Washington and Adams are playable leaders for (New) England, not America.
2. ^ ^{a b} Mao is replaced by Taizong in the Chinese release of Civ III-V.
3. ^ In Civilizaiton V, the name Wu Zetian is used instead of her personal name Wu Zhao.

Main series

• Civilization (1991)
  • CivNet (1995), a remake with improved graphics and sound, and support for Windows 3.1/95.
• Civilization II (1996)
  • Civilization II: Conflicts in Civilization (1996), the first expansion pack for Civilization II.
  • Civilization II: Fantastic Worlds (1997), the second expansion pack for Civilization II.
• Civilization II: Test of Time (1999), includes the original Civilization II base game plus new scenarios and improved features, including the ability to play on an alien landscape.
• Civilization III (2001)
  • Civilization III: Play the World (2002), the first expansion pack for Civilization III.
  • Civilization III: Conquests (2003), the second and final expansion for Civilization III.
• Civilization IV (2005)
  • Civilization IV: Warlords (2006), the first expansion pack for Civilization IV.
  • Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword (2007), the second expansion pack for Civilization IV.^[27]
• Civilization IV: Colonization (2008), a spin-off based on Sid Meier's 1994 game, Colonization.
• Civilization Revolution (2008), the first game in the series designed for consoles and the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad.
• Civilization V (2010)
• Civilization World (2011), a full Civilization game for Facebook.

Compilations

• The Explorer (1997), includes Civilization and the Colonization spin off.
• Civilization II: Multiplayer Gold Edition (1998), includes Civilization II and its two expansions: Conflicts in Civilization and Fantastic Worlds.
• Civilization III: Gold Edition (2003), includes Civilization III and the first expansion, Play the World.
• Civilization III: Complete (2005), includes Civilization III and its two expansions: Play the World and Conquests.
• Civilization Chronicles (2006), includes all the games from the main series from the first Civilization to Civilization IV.
• Civilization IV: Gold Edition (2007), includes Civilization IV and its first expansion Warlords, as well as a bonus poster illustrated by artist Greg Hildebrandt.
• Civilization IV: Complete (2007), includes Civilization IV and its two expansions: Warlords and Beyond the Sword.
• Civilization IV: The Complete Edition (2009), includes Civilization IV, its two expansions, Warlords and Beyond the Sword, and Civilization IV: Colonization. It does not feature any DRM (copy protection).

Other games

• Avalon Hill's Advanced Civilization (1995), the computer version of the original board game Advanced Civilization (1991), which, in turn, is an expansion to the original Civilization (board game) (1980–1981).
• Colonization (1994), created by Brian Reynolds and Sid Meier while still at MicroProse.
• Master of Magic (1994) published by Microprose.
• CivCity: Rome (2006), a city-building strategy game inspired by the series.

When Sid Meier left MicroProse in 1996, the Civilization series was still part of MicroProse's portfolio, leading to a period of legal limbo that included the following games:

• Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri (1999), created by Sid Meier's team at Firaxis Games.
  • Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire (1999), an expansion pack to Alpha Centauri.
• Civilization: Call to Power (1999), created by Activision.
• Call to Power II (2000), sequel to Civilization: Call to Power. Due to licensing issues, Civilization could not be in the title.^[28]

Fan games

• Freeciv (1996)
• C-evo (1999)^[29]

In popular culture

Scottish science fiction and mainstream author Iain Banks has noted that he spent much time playing the game (appearing to refer to the first version) and that it was one of the inspirations for the concept of the 'Outside Context Problem' central to his Excession novel - the appearance of invaders or travelers which are so advanced that they are totally outside the society's frame of reference. In an interview, Banks specifically compares this to having a Civilization battleship arrive while the player is still using wooden sailing ships.^[30] One of the two viewpoint characters in his mainstream novel Complicity plays Civilization compulsively.

References

1. ^ Matt Martin (2008-03-12). "Grand Theft Auto series has sold 66 million units to date". GamesIndustry.biz. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/grand-theft-auto-series-has-sold-66-million-units-to-date. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 
2. ^ "Recommendation of the Board of Directors to Reject Electronic Arts Inc.'s Tender Offer" (PDF). Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.. 2008-03-26. p. 16. Archived from the original on 2008-04-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20080408234728/http://taketwovalue.com/documents/TTWO_Value.pdf#page=16. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Gamasutra - Features - The History of Civilization
4. ^ "Company News; Microprose Plans Merger With Spectrum Holobyte". The New York Times. 1993-06-18. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE1D8153CF93BA25755C0A965958260. Retrieved 2010-04-30. 
5. ^ Civilization II for PC Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic
6. ^ History for MicroProse Software, Inc
7. ^ Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri for PC Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic
8. ^ "Sid starts up. Again - Forbes.com". Forbes. 1997-07-25. http://www.forbes.com/1997/07/25/sid.html. 
9. ^ IGN: Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri
10. ^ Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri
11. ^ ^{a b c d} The Fall of Avalon Hill
12. ^ MicroProse Buys out Hartland Trefoil
13. ^ Hasbro Takes Over The Hill and Others
14. ^ SEC Info - Monarch Services Inc - 10KSB40 - For 4/30/98
15. ^ Evangelista, Benny (1998-08-13). "Hasbro Buying Alameda's MicroProse / Computer games-maker sells out for $70 million". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1998/08/13/BU104878.DTL. 
16. ^ "Company News; Hasbro Completes Sale Of Interactive Business". The New York Times. 2001-01-30. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F00E4DC1E3FF933A05752C0A9679C8B63&n=Top/News/Business/Companies/Hasbro%20Inc.. Retrieved 2010-04-30. 
17. ^ ^{a b} Press Release
18. ^ SEC Info - Hasbro Inc - 10-K405 - For 12/31/00 - EX-13
19. ^ Civilization III: Home
20. ^ SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-KT - For 3/31/03
21. ^ Civilization sold off to mystery buyer - PC News at GameSpot
22. ^ Take-Two takes over Civilization - PC News at GameSpot
23. ^ Firaxis Games: Games: Sid Meier's Civilization Chronicles
24. ^ Take-Two reveals acquisition prices, hints at future lawsuits - PlayStation 2 News at GameSpot
25. ^ "2K Games Conquers PCs with the Release of Sid Meier's Civilization V on September 21, 2010 in North America". 2K Games. 2010-06-11. http://www.2kgames.com/#/news/2k-games-conquers-pcs-with-the-release-of-sid-meier-s-civilization-reg-v-on-september-21-2010-in-north-america. Retrieved 2010-07-23. 
26. ^ Sid Meier's Civilization V Mac Arrives November 23
27. ^ "New 'Civilization' Title Detailed". Totalgaming.net. 2007-03-28. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929094834/http://tgnforums.stardock.com/?forumid=141&aid=148475. Retrieved 2007-04-04. 
28. ^ Geryk, Bruce (November 20, 2000). "Call to Power II for PC Review". GameSpot PC Games p. 1. CNET Networks Entertainment. http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/calltopower2/review.html. Retrieved March 1, 2007. 
29. ^ Old Versions
30. ^ Excession: A Conversation with Iain Banks (interview originally published in SFX magazine, via 'sandm.co.uk' website. Accessed 2009-01-04.)

External links

• Official website
• GamaSutra history of Civilization
• Civilization series at MobyGames
• The Civilization Wiki
• Civilization Fanatics Center, a popular fan site
• Playing the Game: Civilization , a list of academic texts about the series