List of generic and genericized trademarks

List of former trademarks that have become generic terms

Main article: Genericized trademark

The following list contains marks which were originally legally protected trademarks, but which have subsequently lost legal protection as trademarks by becoming the common name of the relevant product or service, as used both by the consuming public and commercial competitors. Some marks retain trademark protection in certain countries despite being declared generic in others.

Aspirin

Still a Bayer trademark name for acetylsalicylic acid in about 80 countries, including Canada and many countries in Europe, but declared generic in the U.S.^[1]

Catseye

Originally a trademark for a specific type of retroreflective road safety installation.^[2]

Cellophane^[3]

Still a registered trademark of Innovia Films Ltd in Europe and many other jurisdictions. Originally a trademark of DuPont.^[4]

Dry ice^[5]

Trademarked by the Dry Ice Corporation of America in 1925.^[6]

Escalator

Originally a trademark of Otis Elevator Company.^[7]

Heroin^[8]

Trademarked by Friedrich Bayer & Co in 1898.^[9]

Kerosene^[10]

First used around 1852.

Lanolin

Trademarked as the term for a preparation of water and the wax from sheeps' wool.^[11]

Laundromat

coin laundry shop.^[12]

Linoleum

Floor covering,^[13] originally coined by Frederick Walton in 1864, and ruled as generic following a lawsuit for trademark infringement in 1878; probably the first product name to become a generic term.^[14]

Mimeograph^[15]

Originally trademarked by Albert Dick.

Petrol

Carless, Capel and Leonard invented the trade name "Petrol" for refined petroleum spirit.

Primal Therapy

A psychotherapy. Registered by Arthur Janov in 1970. Cancelled in 1978.^[16][17][18]

Thermos

Originally a Thermos GmbH^[19] trademark name for a vacuum flask; declared generic in the U.S. in 1963.^[20]

Touch-tone

Dual tone multi-frequency telephone signaling; AT&T states "formerly a trademark of AT&T".^[21]

Videotape

Originally trademarked by Ampex Corporation,^[22] an early manufacturer of audio and video tape recorders.

Webster's Dictionary

The publishers with the strongest link to the original are Merriam-Webster, but they have a trademark only on "Merriam-Webster", and other dictionaries are legally published as "Webster's Dictionary".^[23]

Windbreaker

Originally trademarked by John Rissman & Sons of Chicago.^{[citation needed]}

Yo-Yo

Still a Papa's Toy Co. Ltd. trademark name for a spinning toy in Canada, but declared generic in the U.S. in 1965.^[24]

ZIP code

Originally registered as a servicemark but has since expired.^[25]

Zipper

Originally a trademark of B.F. Goodrich.^[26]

List of protected trademarks frequently used as generic terms

Marks in this list are still legally protected as trademarks, at least in some jurisdictions, but are sometimes used by consumers in a generic sense. Unlike the names in the list above, these names are still widely known by the public as brand names, and are not used by competitors. Scholars disagree as to whether the use of a recognized trademark name for similar products can truly be called "generic", or if it is instead a form of synechdoche.^[27] The previous list contains trademarks that have completely lost their legal status in some countries, while the following list contains marks which have been registered as trademarks, continue in use, and are actively enforced by their trademark owners. Writing guides such as the AP Stylebook advise writers to "use a generic equivalent unless the trademark is essential to the story."

Trademarked name	Generic name	Trademark owner	Notes
Adrenalin	Epinephrine	Parke-Davis	Widely referred to as "adrenaline" outside of the U.S., and in the BAN and EP systems.[28][29]
Airfix	Plastic injection-moulded scale model kits	Hornby Railways	Still used widely in the UK to describe a scale model as it was the dominant brand at that time.[30] This news article is one example of the brand being treated as a generic term.
Airshow	In-flight entertainment moving map	Rockwell Collins	Not commonly used worldwide.[31][32][33]
Aqua-lung	Open-circuit underwater breathing set with demand valve	See Aqua-lung#Trademark issues	Or nowadays often merely "scuba", or "air scuba", when there is a need to distinguish from rebreathers
AstroTurf	Artificial turf	Monsanto Company (formerly) AstroTurf, LLC	[34] Also gave use to the term Astroturfing.
Armco	Crash barrier	AK Steel Holding	Used widely in the UK to describe a crash barrier manufactured from corrugated steel.[35]
Band-Aid	Adhesive bandage	Johnson & Johnson	Often used as though generic by consumers in Canada and the U.S., though still legally trademarked.[27]
Biro	Ballpoint pen	Société Bic	Used generically in colloquial British and Australian English, particularly for cheaper disposable pens, but remains a registered trademark. Derived from the name of the inventor, László Bíró.[36]
Bubble Wrap	Inflated cushioning	Sealed Air	[37]
Bubbler	Drinking fountain	Kohler Company	Sometimes used as a generic, particularly in Wisconsin and New England.[38]
Chain gun	Motor operated machine gun	Alliant Techsystems	[39] Also appear as a definition in the Oxford English Dictionary, descrbing it as "a machine gun that uses a motor-driven chain to power all moving parts"[40]
ChapStick	Lip balm	Wyeth Consumer Healthcare	[41]
Cigarette boat	Go-fast boat	Cigarette Racing	The nickname derived from fast powerboats that were designed to smuggle cigarettes fast and outrun law enforcement personnel. Trademark was taken following a founding of a company named after the nickname.[42][43]
Clorox	Bleach	Clorox Company	[44]
Coke	Cola, soft drink, pop, soda	Coca-Cola Company	Predominantly used in the Southern United States to refer to any soft drink, not just a cola. Still a trademark.[45]
Colt	Revolver	Colt's Manufacturing Company	A common choice of gun during the Wild West, it was used to describe any revolvers during the 19th century, regardless of brand.[46]
Connollising	As a verb, to restore automobile leather interior	Connolly Leather	Often used by automobile enthusiasts and medias, when to describe restoring leather interiors, thanks to the high international reputation of the company.[47][48]
Crock-Pot	Slow cooker	Sunbeam Products	"Crock pot" and "crockpot" are common synonyms used by cooks to describe any slow cooker.[49]
Cuisinart	Food processor	Conair	Sometimes used in the U.S. to refer to any food processor, but still a trademark.[50]
Dictaphone	Dictation machine	Nuance Communications	To date, one of the five oldest surviving U.S. brands.[37]
Doll Instant Noodle	Instant noodles	Winner Food Products	"Doll Instant Noodle" (公仔麵) is commonly referred in Hong Kong for instant noodles.[51] Winner Food Products (永南食品) has been acquired by its former arch-competitor Nissin Foods in 1989.[52]
Dormobile	Motorhome	Bedford Vehicles then Dormobile (Folkestone) Ltd	Widely used in the United Kingdom to describe any motorhomes.[53] This article by the BBC is an example of the term being used generically.
Dumpster	Front loader waste container	Dempster Brothers, Inc.	A registered trademark[54][55] of the Dempster Brothers in 1963, dumpster is originally a portmonteau of the word dump and the last name Dempster. It originally appeared in the 1951 product name Dempster Dumpster,[56] while related patents date back to 1937.[57][58]
Durex	Adhesive tape (Australia, Brazil)	3M	Used in Brazil ("fita durex")[59] and some areas of Australia[36][60][61] as a generic name for adhesive tape.
Durex	Condoms (UK)	SSL International	In the UK and Spain, a brand of condom, which is often used generically.[62]
Elastoplast	Adhesive bandage	Beiersdorf	Commonly used in the UK and other Commonwealth countries.
Esky	Cooler	Coleman	Australian usage[63]
Filofax	Personal organizer	Letts Filofax Group	[64][65]
Formica	Wood or plastic laminate	Formica Corporation, part of Fletcher Building	Widely used for the generic product. An attempt to have the trademark quashed failed in 1977.[66]
Frigidaire	Refrigerator	Electrolux	Commonly used in Canada by French Canadians, especially abbreviated as "frigo".[67]
Frisbee	Flying disc	Wham-O	[68]
Glad Wrap	Cling-film	Glad (company)	[69] Used in Australia, New Zealand.
Hacky Sack	Footbag	Wham-O	[70][71]
Hills Hoist	Rotary clothes line	Hills Industries	Australian usage[72]
Hoover	Vacuum cleaner	Hoover Company	Widely used as a noun and verb.[66] De facto loss of trademark in the UK.[73]
Hula hoop	Toy hoop	Wham-O	[74]
Jacuzzi	Hot tub or whirlpool bath	Jacuzzi	[75]
JCB	Backhoe loader	J. C. Bamford	Has become a generic term for an excavator mounted with both a front loader and a backhoe in British English, as recognized by the Oxford English Dictionary.[76] Invented by J C Bamford Excavators Ltd., which is still the largest supplier of backhoe loaders.[77]
Jeep	Compact sport utility vehicle	Chrysler	Chrysler recently used "trademark awareness" advertisements to prevent the brand from becoming a generic noun or verb, including such statements as They invented ‘SUV’ because they can’t call them Jeep[78]
Jell-O	Gelatin dessert; jelly (UK)	Kraft Foods	The Jell-O brand also encompasses pudding products.[79] This is one example of usage by Martha Stewart.
Jet Ski	Stand-up personal watercraft	Kawasaki	Used universally to refer to any type of personal watercraft. This news article is one example of usage.
Jiffy bag	padded mailing envelopes	Sealed Air	[80]
JumboTron	Large-screen television	Sony	Still used, although Sony exited the market for this product in 2001.[81]
Kool-Aid	Flavored drink	Kraft Foods Company	Often used as the generic term for any drink mix in the United States
Kleenex	Facial tissue	Kimberly-Clark	Often used by consumers as if it were generic in the U.S., France and Canada, but still a legally recognized trademark.[27]
Lava lamp	Liquid motion lamp	Mathmos	[82][83]
Lexan	Polycarbonate resin thermoplastic glass	SABIC	[84][85]
Matchbox	Die cast toy	Mattel	Used at its height of popularity to describe die cast cars.[86]
Memory Stick	Flash memory storage device	Sony	[87]
Multiball		Willams	A feature in pinball where two or more balls are in play at the same time.[88]
Muzak	Elevator music, background music	Muzak Holdings	An often derogatory term frequently used to describe any form of Easy Listening, smooth jazz, or Middle of the road music, or to the type of recordings once commonly heard on "beautiful music" radio stations.[89][90]
NOS (Nitrous Oxide Systems)	Nitrous	Holley Performance Products	Widely used generically to describe nitrous systems used in motor vehicles.[91] One example of this was when it was used prominently in the 2001 film The Fast and the Furious.
Onesies	Infant bodysuit	Gerber Products Company	Often used by consumers in the U.S. as if it were generic; "Onesies" still a legally trademarked brand name of Gerber, which objects to its usage in the singular form as "Onesie" or as a generic product name.[92]
Otter Pops	Plastic tube filled frozen snack with flavored sugary liquid; ice pop (UK); frozo-pop (US)	National Pax	Often used as a name for a style of frozen snack consisting of a frozen tube in which frozen sugary liquid is pushed up through the top and eaten.[93]
Perspex	Acrylic glass	Lucite	[94]
Philadelphia	Cream cheese	Kraft Foods	According to Kraft Foods,[95] the first American cream cheese was made in New York in 1872 by American dairyman William Lawrence, and in 1880 'Philadelphia' was adopted as the brand name after the city that Americans considered at the time to be the home of top quality food.
Photoshop	Photo manipulation	Adobe Systems	Commonly used as a verb to generically describe digital manipulation or compositing of photographs.[96]
Ping Pong	Table tennis	Parker Brothers	Originally trademarked by Jaques and Son, was later passed to Parker Bros. A number of U.S. organisations nowadays are required to refer its sport as table tennis as means of trademark protection.[97][98]
Plexiglas Plexiglass[sic]	Acrylic glass	Altuglas International, Rohm & Haas (formerly)	Often misspelled with a double "s", which appears to have become generic, possibly providing partial protection for the tradename "Plexiglas"[99][100]
Polaroid	Instant film	Polaroid Corporation	Commonly used to refer to instant photograph shot during model auditions.
Popsicle	Ice Pop; ice lolly (UK)	Good Humor-Breyers	[101]
Portakabin	Portable building	Portakabin Ltd.	Widely-used term for a portable modular building in the UK.[94][102][103]
Post-it	Sticky note	3M	Often used by consumers as if it were generic in the U.S. and Canada, but still a legally recognized trademark.[104]
Pot Noodle	Instant noodles	Unilever	Used widely in the United Kingdom as it is the dominant brand.[94]
Pritt Stick	Glue stick	Henkel	A newspaper article by the Daily Mirror (on 27 March 2010) treated the brand as a gerneic name,[105] another example of use is by The Guardian on its 16 June 2007 article.[106]
Q-tips	Cotton swabs; cotton buds (UK)	Unilever	Often used by consumers as if it were generic in the U.S. and Canada, but still a legally recognized trademark.[107]
Realtor	Real estate agent	National Association of Realtors	Often used by the public, the media, and even real estate agents to refer generally to any real estate agent, but the term is a legally recognized trademark of the National Association of Realtors. The terms "Realtor" and "Realtors" refer to members of this association, and not to real estate agents generally. The National Association of Realtors is engaged in ongoing efforts to prevent the mark from becoming generic. These efforts include, among other things, writing to members of the media to complain of improper usage, distribution of information and guidelines on correct usage, and the development of an educational video on the subject. National Association of Realtors' trademark protection video.
Ribena	Blackcurrant squash	GlaxoSmithKline	Refers to blackcurrant squash in common usage, although other flavours of Ribena exist.
Rizla	Rolling paper	Imperial Tobacco	Often used to describe rolling papers which are used to contain rolled tobacco or marijuana.[108]
Rollerblade	Inline skates	Nordica	Commonly used name by consumers in the U.S. and Canada, but the name is still a trademark.[109]
Saran Wrap	Plastic wrap; cling film (UK)	S. C. Johnson & Son Asahi Kasei	[41]
Scalextric	Slot car	Hornby Railways	Used commonly in the United Kingdom to describe slot cars and the hobbies itself.[110]
Scotch tape	Clear adhesive tape (US)	3M	Appears in dictionaries as both generic and trademarked.[111] "Trademark Law" advises that proper usage is "Scotch brand cellophane tape" to combat "generic tendencies".[112]
Ski-Doo	Snowmobile	Bombardier Recreational Products	Usage in Canada, especially Quebec and British Columbia.[113]
Sea-Doo	Sit-down personal watercraft	Bombardier Recreational Products	Used regionally in the U.S. (where the company holds 50.3% of the market share) to refer to any type of sit-down PWC. Usage is strongest in Canada, especially in Quebec, where the manufacturer is based.[114]
Sellotape	Clear adhesive tape (UK)	Sellotape Company, owned by Henkel Consumer Adhesives	Often used generically as a verb and noun.[115][116][117] Appears in dictionaries as both generic and trademarked.[118]
Sharpie	Permanent marker	Sanford L.P., owned by Newell Rubbermaid	James Faulkner, Sanford's marketing manager has said "In America the Sharpie name is used as the generic for a permanent marker".[119]
Speedo	Swim briefs	Speedo	[120]
Stetson	Cowboy hat	John B. Stetson Company	Although John B. Stetson Company manufacturers other types of brimmed hats, the word Stetson has been long used[121] for a generic cowboy hat which features a high crown and wide brim.
Stanley knife	Utility knife	Stanley Works	Commonly used generically by the public, the press and law enforcement officers when it is used during an incident as the following two links indicates, regardless if said weapon is actually a utility knife. The trademark have since entered into a dictionary term.[122]
Stelvin closure	Screw cap	Rio Tinto Alcan	Often used generically.[123]
Sto-Fen	Diffusion filter	Sto-Fen Products	Often used generically to describe a flash gun diffuser.[124]
Styrofoam	extruded polystyrene foam	Dow Chemical Company	In the United States and Canada, "styrofoam" is often used as a generic term for disposable foam cups, plates, coolers and packing material, although these are made from a different polystyrene product than true Styrofoam Brand Foam,[125] which is made for thermal insulation and craft applications.[126]
Super Glue	Cyanoacrylate adhesive	Super Glue Corporation	The term "superglue" is often used informally as a verb or noun, but is still a trademark (US)[127]
Super Heroes	Superhero	DC comics Marvel Comics	The two-word version of the term is a trademark co-owned by DC Comics and Marvel Comics.[128]
Tannoy	Public address system	Tannoy Ltd.	UK usage[129]
Targa top	Semi-convertible hard roof panel	Porsche	Although first used in the 1960s, trademark was not claimed until the 1970s, when its popularity grew; hence, the name is treated as a generic trademark by the general public and the motoring press to describe a detachable hard roof panel.[130]
Tarmac	Asphalt road surface.	Tarmac	Often used by consumers as if it were generic in the UK, but still a legally recognized trademark.[131]
Taser	Electroshock weapon, stun gun	Taser Systems Taser International	Acronym for a fictional weapon: Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle.[132] Taser is a registered tradename, prompting a backformed verb "to tase" which means "to use a Taser on", although "to taser" is also commonly used.
Telecopier	Facsimile machine	Xerox	[94]
Tippex	Correction fluid	Tipp-Ex	Refers to white liquid applied with a brush used to hide mistakes, written or typed, with ink so they can be overwritten. (Europe, especially Germany, France, Spain and the UK)
Tivoli	Amusement park	Tivoli A/S	The Danish Tivoli Gardens amusement park has registered its colloquial name "Tivoli" as company name and trademark. In Danish language, the word “tivoli” has however been a generic term for “amusement park” from before the Tivoli Gardens opened in 1843[133] and is still used as such, for instance in the name of many other amusement parks all over Denmark[134] and other Scandinavian countries. This is currently the focal point of several legal disagreements,[135] with the first (Tivoli A/S vs Innocent Pictures ApS) expected to reach Denmark's Supreme Court in 2010 or 2011.
TiVo	Digital Video Recorder (DVR)	TiVo, Inc.	Records television shows and movies without the need for a VCR or videocassette, and allows users to rewind live television.
Tupperware	Plastic storage containers for food	Earl Tupper	preparation, storage, containment, and serving products for the kitchen and home, which were first introduced to the public in 1946.
Tylenol	Paracetamol, Acetaminophen in the US & Canada	McNeil Consumer Healthcare	[41]
Vaseline	Petroleum jelly, petrolatum	Unilever	Often used by consumers as if it were generic in the U.S. and Canada, but still a legally recognized trademark.[107]
Velcro	Hook-and-loop fastener	Velcro company	Used as generic, but still trademarked.[136] Often used as a verb.[137]
Walkman	Personal stereo	Sony Corporation	Was often used generically for any portable stereo player, and in 2002 an Austrian court ruled that it had passed into common usage,[138] but still a legally recognized trademark.[139]
WaveRunner	Personal water craft	Yamaha Motor Company	Often used, along with Jet Ski, to refer to any type of personal watercraft.[140]
Windex	Hard-surface cleaner	S. C. Johnson & Son	[41]
Winnebago	Class A recreational vehicle	Winnebago Industries	Used in the United Kingdom to describe a coach sized American motorhome.[141]
Wite-Out	Correction fluid	Société Bic	A white liquid applied with a brush used to hide mistakes, written or typed, with ink so they can be overwritten.[142](US)
Xerox	Photocopier or to make a photocopy	Xerox	Xerox has used "trademark awareness" advertisements to prevent the brand from becoming a generic noun or verb, including such statements as "You can't make a Xerox."[143] However, it is used in India as a generic word for 'Photo-Copy'
Zodiac	Rubber-tubed inflatable boat	Zodiac Marine & Pool	Used colloquially to refer to any brand of rubber-tubed (or other synthetic material) boat (sometimes with a rigid hull, sometimes with a rubber floor)

Notes

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4. ^ Mills, Turansky, & Griffith
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6. ^ Dry Ice – Who Invented Dry Ice?
7. ^ Human Interest
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9. ^ Online Etymology Dictionary
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References

• Ginsburg, Jane C.; Litman, Jessica; Kevlin, Mary L. (2001). Trademark and Unfair Competition Law (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Foundation Press