- Dieppe, Seine-Maritime
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For other uses, see Dieppe (disambiguation).
Dieppe
DieppeLocation within Upper Normandy region
DieppeAdministration Country France Region Upper Normandy Department Seine-Maritime Arrondissement Dieppe Canton Dieppe Intercommunality Dieppe Maritime Mayor Sébastien Jumel
(2008–2014)Statistics Elevation 5–70 m (16–230 ft) Land area1 11.67 km2 (4.51 sq mi) Population2 34,670 (2006) - Density 2,971 /km2 (7,690 /sq mi) INSEE/Postal code 76217/ 76200 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. Coordinates: 49°55′20″N 1°04′43″E / 49.9222°N 1.0786°E
Dieppe is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in France. In 1999, the population of the whole Dieppe urban area was 81,419.
A port on the English Channel, famous for its scallops, and with a regular ferry service from the Gare Maritime to Newhaven in England, Dieppe also has a popular pebbled beach, a 15th-century castle and the churches of Saint-Jacques and Saint-Remi.
The inhabitants of the town of Dieppe are called Dieppois (m) and Dieppoise (f) in French.[1]
Contents
Geography
Dieppe belongs to the Pays de Caux, in the Haute-Normandie region It is located on the Channel coast, north of Rouen.
Toponymy
Mentioned as Deppae in 1015-1029, Dieppa in 1030, then in the 12th century: Deppa, Deupa and Diopa.[2]
From Old English deop > deep, or Old Norse djupr, same meaning. The same adjective can be recognized in other place-names like Dieppedalle (f. e. Saint-Vaast-Dieppedalle) and Dipdal in Normandy, which is the same as Deepdale in Great-Britain.
The stream running through Dieppe was called Tella in the Merovingian and Carolingian documents, before being called Dieppe in the 10th century. The name has stuck to the town, but the stream changed its name again to Béthune.[3]
History
Panoramic view of Dieppe (taken from a hill close to the castle Château de Dieppe)
First recorded as a small fishing settlement in 1030, Dieppe was an important prize fought over during the Hundred Years' War. Dieppe housed the most advanced French school of cartography in the 16th century. Two of France's best navigators, Michael le Vasseur and his brother Thomas le Vasseur, lived in Dieppe when they were recruited to join the expedition of René Goulaine de Laudonnière which departed Le Havre for Florida on April 20, 1564 which resulted in the construction of Fort Caroline, the first French colony in the New World. [4] Dieppe was the premier port of the kingdom in the 17th century. On July 23, 1632, 300 colonists heading to New France departed from Dieppe. At the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Dieppe lost 3,000 of its Huguenot citizens, who fled abroad.
Dieppe was an important target in wartime; the town was largely destroyed by an Anglo-Dutch naval bombardment in 1694. Rebuilt after 1696, it was popularised as a seaside resort following the 1824 visit of the widowed Duchess of Berry, Charles X's daughter-in-law. She encouraged the building of the recently-renovated municipal theatre, the Petit-Theatre (1825), associated particularly with Camille Saint-Saëns.
During the later 19th century, Dieppe became popular with English artists as a beach resort. Prominent literary figures such as Arthur Symons loved to keep up with the latest fads of avant-garde France here, and during "the season" sometimes stayed for weeks on end.
The Dieppe Raid in the Second World War became known as a bloody battle, and a costly one for the Allies. On August 19, 1942, Allied soldiers, mainly drawn from the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, landed at Dieppe in the hope of occupying the town for a short time, gaining intelligence and drawing the Luftwaffe into open battle. The Allies suffered more than 1,400 deaths, 1,946 Canadian soldiers were captured - more prisoners than the army lost in the 11 months of the 1944-45 NW Europe campaign.[5] But no major objectives were achieved. Dieppe was liberated on September 1, 1944 by soldiers from the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division.
Dieppe, New Brunswick (previously Léger Corner) received its present name in 1946, in honour of the Canadian soldiers killed in the Dieppe Raid.
Famous people
- Louis de Broglie, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist, was born in Dieppe.
- Emmanuel 'Manu' Petit, a World Cup-winning footballer, is from Dieppe.
- St. Jean de Lalande SJ, a seventeenth century Jesuit brother who was martyred by the Iroquois Indians in present-day New York State.
- St. Antoine Daniel SJ, martyr and saint.
- Jean (Johan) Cossin(s), one of the first to show the Sinusoidal projection, he used it for a world map of 1570.
Heraldry
The arms of Dieppe are blazoned:
Per pale azure and gules, a 3-masted ship sails furled argent.Historical images of Dieppe
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View of Dieppe's Grand quai
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Georges Boillot winning the 1912 French Grand Prix in Dieppe
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Carl Spitzweg's painting Frauenbad in Dieppe III
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Frits Thaulow's Fra Dieppe med elven Arques (From Dieppe with the river Arques)
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Nicolae Vermont's painting View of Dieppe's beach (1929)
Sights
The castle, Château de Dieppe, which survived the 1694 bombardment, is now a museum and exhibition space, with a strong maritime collection. A rich collection of 17th and 18th century ivory carvings, including lacy folding fans, for which Dieppe was known, and the furnishings and papers of Camille Saint-Saëns. The castle's interior courtyard is picturesque.
At the Square du Canada, near the castle in a park at the western end of the Esplanade, there is a monument erected by the town commemorating the long relationship between Dieppe and Canada. The events recorded begin with the early 16th century, and culminate with the Dieppe Raid and the liberation of Dieppe by Canadians on September 1, 1944. The base of the monument is inscribed with the words "nous nous souvenons" ("we remember"). Above the monument, the Canadian Maple Leaf flag is flown side-by-side with that of France.
Some of the Canadian soldiers who were killed are buried in the Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery, in the commune of Saint-Aubin-sur-Scie south-west of Dieppe.
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Château-musée de Dieppe
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Château-musée
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The harbour
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The waterfront
Transport
The town has a railway station, operated by SNCF, with frequent departure for Rouen-Rive-Droite and Paris-Saint-Lazare. SNCF operates also buses to Gisors-Embranchement through Serqueux.
Dieppe has a ferry port, directly linked with the town of Newhaven, situated at the mouth of the river Ouse in East Sussex.
Current services
- Transmanche Ferries/LD Lines (Newhaven x 2 sailings daily)
Former services
- Hoverspeed (Newhaven x 3 sailings daily). Withdrawn in 2004.
- P&O Stena Line (Newhaven x 3 sailings daily). Withdrawn in 1999.
Twin towns
Dieppe has several twin towns, including:
See also
References
- ^ "Commune"
- ^ François de Beaurepaire, Les noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de la Seine-Maritime, éditions Picard 1979. p. 67.
- ^ BEAUREPAIRE 67
- ^ "Narrative of Le Moyne- TheNewWorld.us". TheNewWorld.us. http://www.thenewworld.us/narrative-of-le-moyne/2/. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ Dieppe Raid from The Canadian Encyclopedia.
External links
- Dieppe Town Council website
- Transmanche Ferries, who connect Dieppe and Newhaven (this was previously done by Hoverspeed until 2004).
- Tourism in Dieppe and the region
- Gare Maritime Photographs
Texts on Wikisource:
- "Dieppe". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
- "Dieppe". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Dieppe". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Categories:- Communes of Seine-Maritime
- Ports and harbours of the English Channel
- Port cities and towns in France
- Subprefectures in France
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