Marquette Harbor Light

Marquette Harbor Light

Marquette Harbor Light
Location	Marquette, Michigan
Coordinates	46°32′48.4″N 87°22′34.6″W / 46.546778°N 87.376278°W / 46.546778; -87.376278Coordinates: 46°32′48.4″N 87°22′34.6″W / 46.546778°N 87.376278°W / 46.546778; -87.376278
Year first constructed	1865
Year first lit	1866 [1]
Foundation	Dressed stone/timber[2]
Construction	Brick
Tower shape	Square
Markings / pattern	red with white lantern
Height	Tower - 40 feet (12 m)[3]
Focal height	Focal plane - 77 feet (23 m)[4]
Original lens	Fourth order Fresnel[5]
Current lens	Westinghouse DCB-36 Aerobeacon[6]
Intensity	703,000 candlepower
Range	16 miles (26 km)
Characteristic	Fl W 10s[7]
ARLHS number	USA-477[8][9]
USCG number	7-14630
Marquette Harbor Light Station
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
USCG archive image of the Marquette Harbor Light
Location:	Marquette Harbor, Marquette, Michigan
Coordinates:	46°32′48.4″N 87°22′34.6″W / 46.546778°N 87.376278°W / 46.546778; -87.376278
Area:	P1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built:	1866
Governing body:	United States Coast Guard with 30 year lease to Marquette Maritime Museum
MPS:	U.S. Coast Guard Lighthouses and Light Stations on the Great Lakes TR
NRHP Reference#:	84001803[10]
Added to NRHP:	July 19, 1984

The Marquette Harbor Light is located on Lake Superior in Marquette, Michigan, a part of the Upper Peninsula.^[2] It is an active aid to navigation.^[11]

History

To help navigation towards ore docks, Congress approved funds to build the Marquette Harbor Light in 1850.^[12] Construction took place in 1852, and first lit in June 1853. However, the initial structure deteriorated rapidly, and funds were approved in 1865 for a replacement tower.^[13]

In 1875 the Army Corps of Engineers built a 2,000 foot breakwater to reduce the force of wind and waves in Marquette Harbor. A strong storm destroyed the original light in 1889. The new light sits on a concrete crib at the southernmost end of the breakwater wall.^[11]

The original lighthouse included seven 14-inch (360 mm) Lewis lamps, and a small detached 24 by 30 dwelling constructed of similar materials to that of the tower. In 1853, the United States Lighthouse Board was created and a major system upgrade brought on an installation of a Sixth Order French Fresnel lens in 1856. The new lens was visible up to ten miles (16 km). Because of weather conditions, installation, maintenance and operation of a foghorn was integral to the operation.^[13]

In July, 1899 the lighthouse was electrified under direction of Thomas Miller.^[14]

The current lens is a DCB-36 Aerobeacon. Putting aside questions of nostalgia, aesthetics, or appreciation for the engineering of a bygone era (as exemplified by the Fresnel lens), this iteration of lighthouse illumination is itself incredibly effective, and an endangered remnant of another bygone era.^[15]

Marquette Harbor Light

Construction of the current structure began in 1865. The 1½-story dwelling shares its design with the lighthouses on Granite Island, Gull Rock and Huron Island. It includes a set of cast-iron spiral stairs winding from the first floor to the lantern centered on the square gallery atop the tower, a decagonal cast-iron lantern was installed, and a new fixed white Fourth Order Fresnel lens with a 190° arc of visibility was assembled atop its cast-iron pedestal. The focal plane is at 70 feet (21 m) above the lake, and was visible for a distance of 16 miles (26 km) in clear weather.^[1][13] Pictures before and after the dwelling modifications are available.^[2]

The tower is attached to a church style lighthouse keeper's residence.^[16]

The area had three fog signals, the louder being in the fog signal building, with two on the breakwater. Each had its own distinct tone.^[17]

The site was considered to be difficult and staffing was a problem. By 1882, after 29 years in operation, ten keepers had either been removed or resigned from service at Marquette.^[14]

In 1891, a station of the U.S. Life-Saving Service began operations on the lighthouse grounds, with the station located to the west of the lighthouse, which in 1915 became part of the U.S. Coast Guard. In 1939 the U.S. Lighthouse Service also merged under the control of the U.S. Coast Guard, placing all facilities on the grounds under the same government control. As part of the U.S. Coast Guard, the site became a training station during World War II with up to 300 recruits living in the various buildings on the facility grounds.^[13][18] The adjacent Coast Guard station is still active.^[19]

The original 4° Fresnel lens was transferred to Marquette Breakwater Outer Light in 1908 and is now also on display at the museum.^[16]

Current status

In the 1980s, the Coast Guard demolished the fog signal building, leaving only the foundation.^[13]

This light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.^[1] It was also included on the state inventory in 1969.^[1]

In 2002, a 30-year lease was signed by the Marquette Maritime Museum, which is responsible for maintenance and control of the facility. As part of their operations, they also make the lighthouse available for scheduled tours.^[13][18] The lighthouse is open and tours are conducted from 10:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. from mid-May through late October.^[6]

Light in popular culture

Marquette Harbor Light is one of more than 150 past and present lighthouses in Michigan. Michigan has more lighthouses than any other state. See Lighthouses in the United States.

It has been described as "one of the most picturesque lighthouses" on the Lake Superior Coast.^[20]

Because of its picturesque form and location, it is often the subject of photographs, drawings,^[21] sculptures,^[14] needlepoint illustrations,^[22] and other memorabilia.^[23] Built high on a bluff, it is one of the oldest buildings in Marquette.^[24] It is listed in the National Register of Historical Places. It is described as the Marquette Harbor Light Station (added 1984 - Building - #84001803).^[25] and is also on the state registry.^[19]

See also

• Lighthouses in the United States

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} National Park Service Inventory of Historic Light Stations: Michigan Lighthouses, Maritime Heritage Program.
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. http://www.uscg.mil/history/weblighthouses/LHMI.asp. 
3. ^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Tower Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/lists/towers.htm. 
4. ^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Focal Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/lists/focalheight.htm. 
5. ^ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Original Lenses". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com. http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/lists/distribution.htm. 
6. ^ ^{a b} "Wobser, David, "Marquette Harbor Light," Boatnerd.com". http://lighthouse.boatnerd.com/gallery/Superior/MarquetteHbr.htm. 
7. ^ (PDF) Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes. Light List. United States Coast Guard. http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/lightLists/LightList%20V7.pdf. 
8. ^ "Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, Marquette Harbor (Lake Superior) Light, ARLHS USA-477". http://wlol.arlhs.com/lighthouse/USA477.html. 
9. ^ "Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, World List of Lights (WLOL)". http://wlol.arlhs.com/index.php?mode=alpha&letter=M. 
10. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Interactive map on Michigan lighthouses, Detroit News.
12. ^ Roach, Jerry, Lighthouse Central, Marquette Harbor light The Ultimate Guide to Upper Michigan Lighthouses (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - 2007). ISBN 978-0-9747977-2-4.^{[dead link]}
13. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Pepper, Terry. "Seeing the Light: Lighthouses on the western Great Lakes". http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/superior/marquette/marquette.htm. 
14. ^ ^{a b c} "Harbour lights on Marquette Harbor Light". http://www.harbourlights.com/catalog/2005/marquette_harbor_mi.htm. 
15. ^ "Trapani, Bob,DCB-36 Beacon... Fading Away and All but Forgotten by History, Stormheroes.com". http://www.stormheroes.com/aton/dcb36.htm. 
16. ^ ^{a b} Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/miup.htm. 
17. ^ Lighthouse Memories: Marquette Harbor Light (December, 1999) Lighthouse Digest.
18. ^ ^{a b} "Marquette Maritime Museum". http://mqtmaritimemuseum.com/HLighthouse.html. 
19. ^ ^{a b} "Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Marquette Harbor Lighthouse". http://www.michiganlights.com/marquetteharborlh.htm. 
20. ^ Pure Michigan, Marquette Harbor Lighthouse.
21. ^ Mulgrew, Marilyn, Drawing of Marquette Harbor Light.^{[dead link]}
22. ^ "Needlepoint of Marquette Harbor Light". https://www.dataleap.com/secure/pin/orderpage.htm. ^{[dead link]}
23. ^ Rubber Stamp, Marquette Harbor Light.
24. ^ The Marquette Harbor Lighthouse, MarquetteCountry.org
25. ^ "National Register of Historic Places". http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/MI/marquette/state.html. 

Further reading

• D'Etremont, Jeremy, Students Pitch in to Restore Newly Leased Lighthouse (July, 2002) Lighthouse Digest.
• LaFave, Michael (Jan. 16, 2002) Privatization Shines (article on the general subject of privatization of lighthouses.) Michigan Privatization Report, SKU: MPR2002-01 Mackinac Center for Public Policy.
• Lighthouse Memories: Marquette Harbor Light (December, 1999) Lighthouse Digest.
• Stonehouse, Frederick. (1974) Marquette Shipwrecks. Marquette, MI: Harboridge Press.

External links

• Aerial photos, Marquette Harbor Light, marinas.com.
• Marquette country on Marquette Harbor light.
• Photo of 4th Order Fresnel lens (Marquette Harbor) at Pepper, Terry, Seeing the Light.
• Photos of Marquette Harbor Light.
• Satellite view at Google maps.
• U.S. Coast Guard Search & Rescue Index