Bopomofo

Bopomofo
Type	Semisyllabary (letters for onsets and rimes; diacritics for tones)
Languages	Chinese languages, Formosan languages
Creator	Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation
Time period	1913 to the present, now used as ruby characters in Taiwan for Chinese, and as the principal script for Formosan
Parent systems	Oracle Bone Script Seal Script Clerical Script Bopomofo
Sister systems	Simplified Chinese, Kanji, Hanja, Chữ Nôm, Khitan script
ISO 15924	Bopo, 285
Direction	Left-to-right
Unicode alias	Bopomofo
Unicode range	U+3100–U+312F, U+31A0–U+31BF
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols.

Bopomofo
Traditional Chinese	注音符號
Simplified Chinese	注音符号
Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Zhùyīn fúhào - Bopomofo ㄓㄨˋ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ Min - Hokkien POJ Chù-im hû-hō Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping zyu3 jam1 fu4 hou6*2 - Yale Romanization jyu yām fùh houh

Chinese romanization
Mandarin for Standard Chinese     Hanyu Pinyin (ISO standard)     EFEO     Gwoyeu Romatzyh         Spelling conventions     Latinxua Sin Wenz     Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II     Chinese Postal Map Romanization     Tongyong Pinyin     Wade–Giles     Yale     Legge romanization     Simplified Wade     Comparison chart for Sichuanese Mandarin     Sichuanese Pinyin     Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz
Yue for Cantonese     Guangdong Romanization     Hong Kong Government     Jyutping     Meyer-Wempe     Sidney Lau     S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)     S. L. Wong (romanisation)     Cantonese Pinyin     Standard Romanization     Yale     Barnett–Chao
Wu for Shanghai and Suzhou dialects     Long-short for Wenzhounese     Wenzhounese romanisation
Min Nan for Taiwanese, Amoy, and related     Pe̍h-ōe-jī     Bbínpīn Hōngàn     Daighi tongiong pingim     Modern Literal Taiwanese     Phofsit Daibuun     Tâi-lô     TLPA for Hainanese     Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an for Teochew     Peng'im
Min Dong for Fuzhou dialect     Foochow Romanized
Hakka for Moiyan dialect     Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an For Siyen dialect     Pha̍k-fa-sṳ     TLPA
Gan for Nanchang dialect     Pha̍k-oa-chhi
See also:    General Chinese    Cyrillization    Xiao'erjing    'Phags-pa script    Bopomofo    Taiwanese kana    Romanisation in Singapore    Romanisation in the ROC
This box: view · talk · edit

Zhuyin fuhao (pinyin: Zhùyīn fúhào; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄓㄨˋ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ; literally "phonetic symbol"), often abbreviated as zhuyin and colloquially called bopomofo,^[1] was introduced in the 1910s as the first official phonetic system for transcribing Chinese, especially Mandarin.

Consisting of 37 characters and four tone marks, it transcribes all possible sounds in Mandarin. Despite being phased out in Mainland China in the 1950s, this system is still widely used as an educational tool and Chinese computer input method in Taiwan.

Name

Zhuyin is often called bopomofo whose name is derived from the first four letters of the system (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) and occasionally used to refer to pinyin in mainland China. In official documents, it is occasionally called the "Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I" (國語注音符號第一式), abbreviated as the "MPS I" (注音一式).

In English translations, the system is often called either Chu-yin or the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols.^[2][3] A romanized version of bopomofo, released in 1984, is called MPS II.

History

Main article: Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation#Phonetic symbols

The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation, led by Woo Tsin-hang from 1912 to 1913, created a system called Guóyīn Zìmǔ (國音字母 "National Pronunciation Letters") or Zhùyīn Zìmǔ (註音字母 or 注音字母 "Sound-annotating Letters")^[2] which is based on Zhang Binglin's shorthands.

A draft was released on July 11, 1913, by the Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until November 23, 1928.^[2] zhùyīn zìmǔ was renamed zhùyīn fúhào in April 1930.

The symbols were initially called Zhùyīn Zìmǔ ("Phonetic Alphabet"); later they were also called Guóyīn Zìmǔ ("National Phonetic Alphabet"). The fear that they might be considered an alphabetic system of writing independent of characters led to their being renamed Zhùyīn Fúhào ("Phonetic Symbols") in 1930.^[4]

After 1949, bopomofo was superseded in mainland China by the pinyin system promulgated by the People's Republic of China, but its use is retained in Taiwan.

Modern use

Bopomofo remains the predominant phonetic system in teaching reading and writing in elementary school in Taiwan. It is also one of the most popular ways to enter Chinese characters into computers and look up characters in a dictionary in Taiwan.

In grade one, Chinese characters in textbooks are often annotated with bopomofo as students take ten weeks to learn them.^{[clarification needed][citation needed]}

In teaching Mandarin, Taiwan institutions and some overseas communities still use bopomofo as a learning tool.

Besides transcribing Chinese, bopomofo is also used as the primary writing system for a few aboriginal languages of Taiwan, such as Atayal,^[5] Seediq,^[6] Paiwan,^[7] or Tao.^[8] It is sometimes used to annotate Taiwanese Hokkien,^[9] a widely spoken Chinese language in Taiwan, however pe̍h-ōe-jī romanization is more common in use.

Etymology

The zhuyin letters were created by Zhang Binglin, and mainly taken from "regularized" forms of ancient Chinese characters, the modern readings of which contain the sound that each letter represents.

Origin of zhuyin symbols

Zhuyin	Pinyin	Origin
ㄅ	b	From 勹, the ancient form and current top portion of 包 bāo
ㄆ	p	From 攵, the combining form of 攴 pū
ㄇ	m	From 冂, the archaic character and current radical 冖 mì
ㄈ	f	From 匚 fāng
ㄉ	d	From the archaic form of 刀 dāo. Compare the bamboo form .
ㄊ	t	From the upside-down 子 seen at the top of 充
ㄋ	n	From / Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР? Adnan Menderes University Apfelstädtaue Look at other dictionaries: BoPoMoFo — Equivalence Zhuyin Pinyin les traits sont tracés dans l ordre rouge, vert, bleu Le bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) ou zhuyin fuhao (caractères traditionnels : 注音符號 ; caractères simplifiés : 注音符号 ; pinyin : Zhùyīn fúhào ; Tongyong… …   Wikipédia en Français Bopomofo — Equivalence Zhuyin Pinyin les traits sont tracés dans l ordre rouge, vert, bleu Le bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) ou zhuyin fuhao (caractères traditionnels : 注音符號 ; caractères simplifiés : 注音符号 ; pinyin : Zhùyīn fúhào ; Tongyong… …   Wikipédia en Français Bopomofo — Zhuyin Fuhao Schrifttyp Kombiniertes Alphabet und Silbenschrift Sprachen Chinesisch Entstehung ab ca. 1920 Offiziell in Taiwan Abstammung …   Deutsch Wikipedia bopomofo — noun Name for Zhuyin fuhao used by ISO and Unicode …   Wiktionary Unicode-Block Bopomofo — Der Unicode Block Bopomofo (Bopomofo) (3100–312F) enthält die Basiszeichen des Zhuyin, das auf Taiwan zur Transkription des Chinesischen genutzt wird. Weitere Zeichen befinden sich im Unicode Block Bopomofo, erweitert. Unicode Nummer Zeichen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia Unicode-Block Bopomofo, erweitert — Der Unicode Block Bopomofo Extended (Bopomofo, erweitert) (31A0–31BF) enthält die erweiterten Zeichen des Zhuyin, die zur Transkription von chinesischen Minderheitensprachen benötigt werden. Die Basiszeichen befinden sich im Unicode Block… …   Deutsch Wikipedia Zhuyin — Bopomofo Equivalence Zhuyin Pinyin les traits sont tracés dans l ordre rouge, vert, bleu Le bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) ou zhuyin fuhao (caractères traditionnels : 注音符號 ; caractères simplifiés : 注音符号 ; pinyin : Zhùyīn fúhào ;… …   Wikipédia en Français Romanization of Mandarin Chinese — National language (國語; Guóyǔ) written in Traditional and Simplified Chinese characters, followed by Hanyu Pinyin, Gwoyeu Romatzyh, Tongyong Pinyin and Wade Giles romanizations. Chinese romanization Mandarin for Stand …   Wikipedia Liste der Unicode-Zeichen — Die Liste der Unicode Blöcke listet alle Ebenen und Blöcke des Unicode Standards auf. Unicode Ebenen (planes) sind die übergeordnete Struktur für die Unicode Blöcke (blocks). Jede der 17 Ebenen enthält 216 = 65,536 Codepoints; zur Zeit ist nur… …   Deutsch Wikipedia Liste von Unicode-Zeichen — Die Liste der Unicode Blöcke listet alle Ebenen und Blöcke des Unicode Standards auf. Unicode Ebenen (planes) sind die übergeordnete Struktur für die Unicode Blöcke (blocks). Jede der 17 Ebenen enthält 216 = 65,536 Codepoints; zur Zeit ist nur… …   Deutsch Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”