Northstar

This article is about the Marvel Comics superhero. For other uses, see Northstar (disambiguation).

Northstar
Cover to Uncanny X-Men #392. Art by Salvador Larroca.
Publication information
Publisher	Marvel Comics
First appearance	Uncanny X-Men #120 (April 1979)
Created by	Chris Claremont John Byrne
In-story information
Alter ego	Jean-Paul Beaubier
Species	Human Mutant
Team affiliations	X-Men Children of the Vault HYDRA Alpha Flight Secret Defenders FLQ
Notable aliases	Jean-Paul Martin
Abilities	Superhuman speed and durability Flight Light manipulation

Northstar (Jean-Paul Beaubier) is a fictional character, a superhero who appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the twin brother of Aurora. Through his mutation, Northstar gains superhuman powers, which he uses for the betterment of society. Although originally a member of Alpha Flight, a fictional team of Canadian superhumans, Northstar is later portrayed as a member of the X-Men. He is one of the first openly gay superheroes in American comic books.

Publication history

1979 - 1994

Northstar makes his comic debut in Uncanny X-Men #120 (April 1979), part of the Canadian government sponsored team Alpha Flight, who seek to take Wolverine of the X-Men into custody. In 1983 the Alpha Flight team went on to star in their own comic, with Northstar as a charter member. In addition to the Alpha Flight comic and associated annuals, Northstar and other members of the team made numerous guest appearances in other titles, particularly Uncanny X-Men and Wolverine. Northstar also featured in limited series, such as two X-Men and Alpha Flight series and Secret Wars II.

In Alpha Flight #106, published in 1992, writer Scott Lobdell was given permission to have Northstar state, "I am gay."^[1][2][3] Although creator John Byrne had intended the character to be gay, he was restricted to implied hints of this fact,^[4] due to Marvel editor-in-chief Jim Shooter's policy against openly homosexual characters,^[5] and by the Comics Code Authority.^[6] Thus, Northstar's apparent lack of interest in women was implied to be due to his obsessive drive to win as a ski champion,^[1] and writer Bill Mantlo's later attempt to reveal that Northstar had AIDS was squelched.^[7]

Lobdell's decision made Northstar the first major, openly gay character created by Marvel Comics. The event generated significant publicity in the mainstream press^[8] and Alpha Flight #106 sold out in a week, despite the fact that the series was not a very popular title.^[2] It is the only comic book issue to have been inducted into the Gaylactic Hall of Fame.^[9] The event was also controversial,^[10] and almost no mention was made of his sexual orientation for the remainder of the first Alpha Flight series, which ended with issue #130 1994. One exception was a subplot in which his sister Aurora — experiencing a split personality — accepted his homosexuality in one personality, while rejecting it in the other. After the cancellation of Alpha Flight, Northstar appeared in his own miniseries, which completely ignored his sexuality. Interactions between Northstar and other gay characters have been depicted, such as in a Marvel Swimsuit Special, in which he is shown socializing with the gay Pantheon member Hector.^[11]

1994 - present

After the 1994 cancellation of Alpha Flight, Northstar starred in an eponymous four issue limited series.^[12] In 1997 a second on-going series of Alpha Flight was initiated. Northstar was not initially a member of this group, but appeared in later issues searching for his missing sister Aurora. He featured in eight issues before the series cancellation with issue #20.

In 2005, Marvel killed Northstar in three separate continuities within the space of one calendar month. Between February 16 and March 9, 2005, versions of Northstar were killed in the Earth-616-based Wolverine #25, and in X-Men: Age of Apocalypse and X-Men: The End (a possible story of the X-Men's final days; Northstar was one of many to die in the series), both of which were set in alternate timelines.^[13] Northstar did not stay dead long in Marvel's primary continuity, as he is resurrected in Wolverine #26.

When Northstar rejoined the X-Men as a regular member in 2002, writers were less hesitant to address his sexual orientation. Northstar even experienced a crush on long-time X-Man Iceman, though it was unrequited.^[14] One of his students in the Alpha Squadron, Victor Borkowski, the gay mutant Anole, looks up to him as a role model.^[15][16] When Northstar rejoined the X-Men yet again in 2009, he was revealed to be in a relationship with his sports company's events manager Kyle.^[17] Their relationship faces strain from the remaining mutants' exodus to the mutant island Utopia, though the two agree to work through their issues.^[18] It was later implied that he also had a sexual relationship with Hercules at an unspecified point in time.^[19]

Fictional character biography

Jean-Paul Beaubier is born to a French Canadian family in Montreal, but after his parents die in an automobile accident during his childhood, he and his twin sister, Jeanne-Marie, are separated. Jean-Paul is later adopted, but his adopted parents are killed after only a couple of years. Prior to his debut as a superhero, Beaubier competes as a professional skier. He became an elite level skier during his teenage years, prior to his mutation surfacing. Once he develops his mutant abilities he becomes virtually unbeatable and eventually bores of the sport due to the lack of competition. He becomes an angry and rebellious youth and, as a young adult, joins the Front de libération du Québec, a terrorist separatist movement organized to win independence for Quebec from Canada. However, he soon becomes disgusted with the group's tactics and renounces terrorism. Beaubier then learns of a superhero group financed by the Canadian government called Alpha Flight. He then reunites with his sister Jeanne-Marie, who takes the name Aurora.

Alpha Flight

Jean-Paul joins Alpha Flight, adopting the codename Northstar. It is there that he is reunited with his twin sister Jeanne-Marie (“Aurora”). Northstar's debut occurs in Uncanny X-Men #120, in which he is a member of Alpha Flight combating the X-Men to capture former teammate Wolverine.^[20]

Alpha Flight learns that it is being disbanded, and Jean-Paul is shocked when he witnesses his sister’s split personalities. He encounters his old friend Raymond Belmonde, a man who took him in and mentored him, helping him become comfortable with himself and steering him on the right path. He introduces Aurora to Belmonde only for the twins to be attacked by local crime boss Deadly Ernest, who kills Belmonde. The twins deal with the villain, though their relationship sours when Northstar offends Aurora by asking if she had “romanced her way to safety.” Aurora refuses to speak with him after that, and her lover and teammate Sasquatch assists her in altering her powers such that she no longer needs Northstar to generate light. Her attempts to isolate him cause Northstar to quit Alpha Flight.^[21]

Eventually, Aurora arrives at his doorstep, seeking his help. The twins begin to reconcile, but Aurora rejects him again when she discovers Jean-Paul’s past history as a terrorist with the FLQ, telling the other members of Alpha Flight. They cross-examine him about his terrorist activities, though any discussion is dropped due to an emergency.^[22] When Sasquatch dies, the twins reconcile after Northstar comforts his grieving sister. However, during a confrontation with the Hulk, Northstar and Aurora discover that her power alterations cause the twins to negate one another’s abilities upon touching. After the battle finishes, Northstar decides to rejoin Alpha Flight.^[23]

While on a skiing vacation, Northstar is forced to publicly expose himself as a mutant to save a woman's life. Spectators accuse the retired skiing champion of using his powers to cheat. Realizing that he could not know if he had subconsciously used his abilities in the past, he relinquishes his medals and bitterly turns his back on skiing forever.^[24]

The villain Pestilence senses decay in Northstar's body and causes his sickness to grow serious to the point that his wounds no longer heal, slowly killing him. As his illness progresses, Aurora desperately uses her healing light to cure him.^[25] The twins' later use of their powers on one another stabilizes their abilities back to their original state, also allowing Northstar to generate light independently like Aurora.^[26]

Northstar in the uniform he wore after joining the X-Men. Art by Salvador Larroca.

During another battle, Northstar discovers an abandoned baby girl in an alley. Doctors discover that the baby girl is dying of AIDS, having been infected with HIV in the womb. Jean-Paul adopts her and names her Joanne Beaubier, and he and Alpha Flight performed various events to remind the public of AIDS and the dangers of remaining silent about it. Her death weeks later spurs Northstar to publicly acknowledge that he is homosexual, hoping that his role as a gay man and a celebrity will increase media attention on HIV/AIDS safety and prevention.^[27]

Eventually Northstar decides to leave Alpha Flight and writes a memoir about his experience as a mutant and gay man entitled Born Normal.^[28]

X-Men

In the 2001 Eve of Destruction story arc, Northstar is briefly recruited to an improvised team of X-Men by Jean Grey to rescue Professor X, who has been captured by Magneto and is being kept prisoner in Genosha.^[29] Jean meets Northstar at a book-signing appearance, where he is mobbed. One person in the crowd turns out to be carrying a gun. Northstar foils his own assassination attempt at super-speed. Later, he meets one of the new mutants, an invulnerable young man who goes by the name of Omerta. This man is very homophobic and it leads to an actual fight between the two on the driveway of the X-Men's mansion.^{[volume & issue needed]}

At Professor Xavier's request, Northstar then works with the X-Men to save the life of a mutant child who cannot stop exploding. Despite his speed, Northstar cannot save the boy, who perishes simply because of his powers. Soon afterwards, Northstar officially joins the X-Men^[30] and becomes an instructor at the Xavier Institute, teaching business, economics, and French. He is also shown teaching flying classes. Northstar becomes a mentor to his own squad of young mutants, Alpha Squadron, and forms a close mentor relationship with student Anole. During his time at Xavier's, he forms a close friendship with Annie Ghazikhanian, a former nurse at the Xavier Institute. Annie realizes that Northstar has developed an attraction to Bobby Drake. Bobby remains oblivious, despite Northstar, who was currently sick, saving him from the misguided anger of a jealous mutant.^{[volume & issue needed]}

When HYDRA forms an alliance with the cults the Dawn of the White Light and the Hand, the groups start recruiting new agents from the superhero community by killing, resurrecting, and brainwashing them. The X-Man Wolverine is one of their victims, brainwashed into becoming a HYDRA assassin. He eventually attacks the X-Men and kills Northstar. One of the New Mutants, Elixir, manages to heal Northstar's wounds but is unable to revive him. A few days later a statue of Northstar is created in memory of him and is placed in a garden of statues of various fallen X-Men on the campus grounds. S.H.I.E.L.D. requests that Northstar be decapitated in order to prevent a resurrection, but before anything can happen, Northstar's body is stolen by Elektra, another brainwashed victim of HYDRA. A resurrected Northstar leads an attack with Elektra on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier, crippling S.H.I.E.L.D. and putting Nick Fury in critical condition. Northstar also takes the time to kill racists and homophobes all across the country, and makes use of his regained 'flash', the ability to generate a brief blinding light. Wolverine meets Northstar, but is taken prisoner by the other Dawn of the White Light mutants, all of whom he kills except for Northstar. When Northstar refuses to tell Wolverine the location of HYDRA's command center, Wolverine knocks him out and calls S.H.I.E.L.D. to pick him up and psychologically "deprogram" him. Nick Fury reports that Northstar's body was not found and he is presumed dead, while actually being in S.H.I.E.L.D. custody.^[31]

Not long afterward, the mysterious group of superhumans known as the Children of the Vault abducts Northstar from the S.H.I.E.L.D. holding facility in order to use him to kill their enemies, Sabretooth and the X-Men. They easily are able to mentally control Northstar due to the Hand's previous mental manipulations leaving his psyche fragile. Under their control he then finds his sister about to commit suicide and stops her so that The Children can mentally control her too. Together they attack the school under The Children's command and make quick work of several X-Men, notably Iceman and Anole, whose encounter with Northstar briefly shakes him from mind-control.^[32] Leaving Aurora to battle the X-Men, Northstar begins a search for Sabretooth but is stopped by Rogue and Cable. The X-Men take Northstar and Aurora to the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier in an attempt to fix the mental damage inflicted on the twins. Using their V.R. equipment the X-Men allow the twins to relive their lives at an accelerated pace. The process is interrupted near the end of the session by Exodus, creating a telepathic connection between the twins. Using each other's emotional support they apparently manage to face their inner turmoils. This allows both brother and sister to gain a higher level of control of their powers.^[33]

X-Men split and reformation

Northstar is later contacted by Cyclops to find Anole, who goes into hiding after accidentally attacking his own father due to post traumatic stress disorder from his time at the X-Mansion. Northstar discovers Anole on a tree limb beside a tree house, the teenager not too happy to see his former mentor. At first, Jean-Paul makes jokes, thinking Victor is having a problem with fitting in, as both a mutant and as a gay teen. Victor explains that his town accepts him for who he is – his problems come from Northstar, along with the other X-Men, for stealing the New X-Men's innocence. Just before Anole departs, he elbows Jean-Paul in the face – similar to how Northstar attacked him in the past – and tells him to tell all of the former New X-Men not to come looking for him.

Northstar and his sister Aurora respond to Emma Frost's telepathic APB and fight alongside the X-Men in San Francisco against the Skrulls when they invade Earth.^[34] However, Jean-Paul also makes a life for himself outside of superheroics, having returned to being a star at extreme snowsports, as well as starting his own brand of snow sporting equipment and becoming involved in a relationship. Wolverine then approaches him to rejoin the X-Men to help fill a much needed speedster role on the team. After receiving confirmation that he would not be the team's token gay member, he accepts.^[35]

Later while training Surge in the use of super-speed, Northstar stops to give an interview. During the interview he finds out about Simon Trask's Proposition X. He runs back to the X-Men and threatens to quit and go back to Canada. However, he remains with the X-Men throughout several missions,^[36] including confrontations with Norman Osborn's Dark X-Men^[37][38][39] and a rescue mission to retrieve Illyana Rasputin after she is banished to Limbo during the events of Second Coming.^[40]

A temporal copy of Northstar—from a period of time shortly before the apparent death of Guardian at the hands of Jerry Jaxon—was introduced near the end of the third Alpha Flight series, along with an entire team of early Alpha Flight members.^{[volume & issue needed]} This Northstar is last seen with a similarly time-displaced Aurora, still operating in the Earth-616 present.^{[volume & issue needed]}

During the Chaos War storyline, Northstar alongside Aurora, Sasquatch, and Snowbird are reunited with a resurrected Guardian, Vindicator, Shaman, and Marrina Smallwood, and they reform Alpha Flight.^[41]

Powers and abilities

Northstar and Aurora. Art by Leinil Francis Yu.

Northstar is a mutant who can move and fly at superhuman speed with the potential of reaching near light speeds. He also possesses superhuman stamina, endurance (both essential to maintain super-speed for any length of time), and reflexes. He can channel a portion of the kinetic energy of the atomic motion in his body's molecules in a single direction, accelerating his body to a velocity in direct proportion to the amount of kinetic energy he has tapped. Northstar also has an advanced equilibrium, and exceptional agility, reaction time, and coordination which allows for him to make sharp turns, and run at such speeds without becoming sick. Northstar is also able to punch at great speeds, which grants him the ability to hurt even the Hulk. In an early issue of Alpha Flight Northstar reveals to readers that his sister Aurora has greater endurance and can fly longer, whereas he can fly faster in the same amount of time.^[42] Northstar can create cyclones by running in circles, can run up walls and across water, and can breathe while traveling at supersonic speeds. However, if Northstar wanted to travel with someone else at superhuman speeds, they would need a breathing apparatus to keep from asphyxiating.

As a side effect of partially robbing his molecules of their atomic motion, the binding forces within and between the molecules increase which enhances the sheer toughness of Northstar's entire body. This effect gives his skin enough durability to withstand speeds up to at least Mach 10 without injury, but the upper limit of this ability has not been measured. It had once been theorized that Northstar could fly at 99% of the speed of light: 186,282 miles per second (299,792 km/s),^{[volume & issue needed]} although this has never been attempted because he would do irreparable damage to the environment and wreak havoc on the gravitational forces holding our solar system together. While Northstar can withstand Mach 10 speeds, traveling any faster would carry complications with breathing and damage caused by wind and air resistance to his body. When Aurora, his sister, and Northstar are in contact with each other, usually by holding hands, they can also vary the rate of acceleration of his molecules to release a cascade of photons creating a momentary burst of light equal to one million candela (with one candela equal to the amount of light given off by one candle) which they use to blind their opponents. The only other minor drawback to this ability, other than he and his sister having to be in contact with each other to utilize this gift, is that they are unable to adjust the brilliance of the flash. After being captured by the Children of the Vault in the Supernovas arc of Mike Carey's X-Men, his and Aurora's powers have been enhanced to the point where they can now move at light speed without harm and can generate explosive thermal energy in addition to light.^[43][44]

Northstar is a world-class professional skier, skilled trapeze artist, business man, and an accomplished novelist. A native French speaker, he is also fluent in English. He is a good hand-to-hand combatant using a style utilizing his superhuman speed, and received coaching from his teammate Puck. After his resurrection by the Hand, Northstar has been trained in the martial arts.^{[volume & issue needed]} Northstar also has peak human strength, but has superhuman strength in his legs.

Northstar wears a costume of synthetic stretch fabric made of special materials for protection from friction and other hazards of superhuman speed.

Other versions

Age of Apocalypse

Northstar and Aurora in the Age of Apocalypse. Art by Steve Epting.

In the Age of Apocalypse, Northstar and Aurora are part of Mr. Sinister's Elite Mutant Force (E.M.F.) and, as such, are assigned to patrolling the breeding pens. The siblings are rather snotty about their superior status as mutants and seem to take great pleasure in punishing those prisoners who act up or try to escape. When the E.M.F.'s leader, Cyclops, switches sides, secretly helping some inmates to escape, he is caught in the act by the speeding twins. However, both of them are defeated by Cyclops and the prisoner he was helping to escape, which happens to be Polaris. When the series was revisited for the 10 year anniversary, both Northstar and Aurora are later killed by Weapon X (Wolverine) and Kirika (X-23 in the main Marvel Universe).^[45]

Marvel Zombies

In the Marvel Zombies comics set in the universe of Earth-2149, the zombified Alpha Flight attack the X-Men and are eventually killed by Magneto. Northstar is seen in a panel of Marvel Zombies Dead Days attacking the X-Man Storm alongside his sister Aurora. The two are killed by Magneto only moments later.

Ultimate Northstar

In the Ultimate Marvel Universe, his features are similar to his original counterpart, although his ears are no longer pointed. He can also move at super-speed, though he has yet to demonstrate the ability to fly, or any abilities related to light emission.

A student at New York City's Stuyvesant High School, Northstar is kicked off the school's track team for suspected illegal steroid use. In fact, his unnatural levels of speed are actually due to his mutation. When the X-Men reveal to him he is a mutant and ask him to join them, he turns them down, saying that separating themselves from humans is segregation and noting how a student there (Beast) had been recently killed.^[46]

Soon after, Mister Sinister, a deranged man who is apparently under orders of Apocalypse to kill several mutants, shoots Northstar. Thanks to his quick reflexes, Northstar manages to survive the attack but is left in a coma. After being hospitalized, he is awakened from his coma by the X-Man Jean Grey. Upon being told that Colossus had watched over him all night to protect him from any further attacks, Northstar asks if Colossus is single, startling Colossus so much that his body involuntarily turns to steel.^[47]

Northstar is later recruited by Emma Frost to join the Academy of Tomorrow, a magnet school for gifted children both mutant and human with a more pacifistic and integrationist philosophy than the X-Men.^{[volume & issue needed]} Along with fellow students Lorna Dane and Alex Summers, he completes Frost's Advanced Leadership Workshop, allowing him to make use of his powers performing off-campus community service missions in conjunction with local authorities.^{[volume & issue needed]} When Lorna is framed for murder and imprisoned in the Triskelion (the headquarters of the Ultimates), in an elaborate scheme by Magneto to help him escape the prison, Northstar is part of the group of Frost's students who try to break her out.^{[volume & issue needed]} During a battle with the Ultimates and the X-Men, he shows that he has improved his abilities enough to move faster than the human eye (allowing him to attack without being seen), run across water (though a direct hit from a super-powered person could cause him to sink), and resist gravity (he is able to run up the side of a tall building).^{[volume & issue needed]}

During the battle he shows romantic interest in Colossus, and a week later it is revealed that the two have kept in contact, having exchanged email addresses. Colossus is shown on the phone talking to Northstar, who asks Colossus to be his date to his school's homecoming dance (which he accepts). But the dance is interrupted by the Brotherhood. After the supposed death of Charles Xavier, Colossus agrees to temporarily live with Northstar at his school.^{[volume & issue needed]}

During a softball game between the Academy of Tomorrow and the Xavier School, Ultimate Alpha Flight shows up to kidnap Northstar. Aurora makes her debut, revealing herself to be Northstar's sister. She physically takes him against his will.^[48] Later, Colossus, Cyclops, Rogue, Angel, Dazzler, and Nightcrawler break into Alpha Flight's base to rescue him. After they incapacitate Alpha Flight, Colossus finds Northstar overdosing on the mutant drug, Banshee, resulting in him being crippled from the waist down.^[49]

X-Men: The End

In the alternate future of X-Men: The End, Northstar is one of many members of the staff of the Xavier Institute. He briefly survives the destruction of it and several surrounding miles, only to die in Scott Summers' arms. As he passes on, he sees a vision of his Alpha Flight friends, leading is his sister, who encourages him to leave his body.

House of M

In the alternate reality created by the Scarlet Witch known as House of M, Northstar is an agent of S.H.I.E.L.D., responsible for training a squad of young mutants and superhumans in the agency's junior training squad program. Much like the rest of the super-powered community in House of M, Northstar supported this reality's Magneto and his mutant-supremacy platform.^[50]

In other media

Television

Scene from the X-Men episode "Repo Man"

• Northstar appears in the X-Men episodes "Slave Island", "Repo Man", and the Phoenix Saga's "Child of Light". He is voiced by Rene Lemieux. No mention or hint is made of his sexual orientation. In the cartoon Northstar possesses the ability to fly and generate a blinding light when he slaps hands with his sister Aurora. Though he did not have any speaking role in Slave Island, the episode Repo Man showed the character's origins as he spoke with a French Canadian accent. In "Slave Island", Jean-Paul is a hostage/prisoner of the island nation of Genosha. He, along with many other mutants, provides slave labor for the government using their mutant skills for such tasks as building dams. They wear special collars which restrict them from using their powers to escape, and they sleep in prison-like cells. They eventually escape Genosha with the help of the X-Men. In "Repo Man", Northstar is shown as part of the Canadian Special Forces team Alpha Flight, which tries to convince former member Wolverine to rejoin. Northstar and other Alpha Flight members make a brief cameo in "Child of Light".

• Northstar is briefly mentioned in the episode "This Forest Green" of the animated series Super Hero Squad Show.

Toys

An Alpha Flight Northstar and Aurora 2 Pack Figure set was released by ToyBiz as part of three Alpha Flight action figures released as part of the Marvel Collector Editions series in 1999 by Toy Biz. Snowbird and Puck were packaged together while Sasquatch came with Vindicator (Heather Hudson). All three sets came with motion collector's cards.

In September 2007, Hasbro ran a poll with ToyFare magazine of potential Marvel Legends X-Men prototype figurines, one of which was Northstar in his original costume. Aurora was also a prototype.^[51] The Northstar prototype placed 7th out of 8 in the final poll results, with Aurora placing 8th.^[52]

A two-pack set of mini-busts of Aurora and Northstar were due for shipment in October 2008.^[53]

Video games

• In the 2011 video game X-Men: Destiny, the player character encounters Northstar (voiced by Yuri Lowenthal) during a mission to escort a courier to Gambit and protect him from the Purifiers.

See also

	LGBT portal
	Comics portal

• LGBT themes in comics
• LGBT themes in speculative fiction
• LGBT characters in comics
• LGBT-related comics

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Beek's Books - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Superheroes, Rzero.com, http://www.rzero.com/books/gaysuperfull.html, retrieved 2009-03-21 
2. ^ ^{a b} Furey, Emmett. "Homosexuality in Comics - Part II," Comic Book Resources (July 17, 2007). Accessed Apr. 11, 2009.
3. ^ Colón, Suzan (2008-11-18), "Don't Mask, Do Tell", The Advocate: pp. 18, Issue #1019, http://www.advocate.com/issue_story_ektid63952.asp, retrieved 2008-11-30 
4. ^ Byrne, John. "Frequently Asked Questions: Questions about Comic Book Projects: Was NorthStar always intended to be a gay character?" Byrne Robotics. Accessed Apr. 11, 2009.
5. ^ Bartilucci, Vinnie. "One Thin Dime an' Two Thick Pennies" (Jim Shooter interview), Thwack!.
6. ^ Nyberg, Amy Kiste. Seal of Approval: The History of the Comics Code (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998), pp. 143, 175–176, ISBN 087805975X.
7. ^ David, Peter. "But I Digress...: When You Wish Upon Northstar". PeterDavid.net. February 14, 1992. Accessed April 11, 2009.
8. ^ "Op-Ed: The Comics Break New Ground, Again". The New York Times. January 24, 1992. Accessed Apr. 11, 2009.
9. ^ Kelly, Mark R. (2003–2007), 2002 Gaylactic Spectrum Awards, Locus Publications, http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Spectrum22002.html, retrieved 2008-11-13 
10. ^ Masaki, Lyle. "The Seven Biggest Gay Moments in Marvel Comics History," After Elton: News, Reviews & Commentary on Gay and Bisexual Men in Entertainment and the Media (Nov. 15, 2007). Accessed Apr. 11, 2009.
11. ^ Masaki, Lyle, "Ultimate X-Men": Troubling turns for gay superheroes Colossus and Northstar, AfterElton.com, http://www.afterelton.com/blog/lylemasaki/utlimate-xmen-gay-colossus-northstar-gay-superheroes, retrieved 2009-03-29 
12. ^ Northstar #1-4 (April–July 1994)
13. ^ Film producer Perry Moore was so angered by the death of Marvel's most prominent gay superhero at the hands of one of its most popular superheroes that he wrote the novel Hero—about a gay teenage superhero—to present a more positive image of gay superheroes to readers. See: George Gene Gustines, "A Novelist’s Superhero Is Out to Right Wrongs," New York Times, September 3, 2007.
14. ^ Chuck Austen (w), Sean Phillips (p). "Secrets" X-Men 415 (January 2003), Marvel Comics
15. ^ Masaki, Lyle, The new "X-Men" series has two gay characters ... will it amount to anything?, AfterElton.com, http://www.afterelton.com/blog/lylemasaki/young-xmen-two-gay-characters-will-it-amount-to-anything?, retrieved 2009-03-29 
16. ^ DePhilippis, Nunzio; Christina Weir (2005), New X-Men: Academy X Vol. 3: X-Posed, New York: Marvel Publishing, ISBN 978-0-7851-1791-9 
17. ^ Uncanny X-Men #509
18. ^ Nation X #2
19. ^ Greg Pak, Jeff Parker, Fred Van Lente (w), Reilly Brown, Ariel Olivetti (p), Chris Carroll (i). Hercules: Fall of an Avenger 1 (March 2010), Marvel Comics
20. ^ Uncanny X-Men #120-121
21. ^ Alpha Flight #1, 7, 8, 18
22. ^ Alpha Flight #25
23. ^ Alpha Flight #29
24. ^ Alpha Flight #41
25. ^ Alpha Flight #50
26. ^ Alpha Flight #85
27. ^ Alpha Flight #106
28. ^ Uncanny X-Men #392
29. ^ Uncanny X-Men #392 (2001)
30. ^ Uncanny X-Men #414 (2002)
31. ^ Wolverine vol. 3 #31
32. ^ X-Men vol. 2 #190
33. ^ X-Men Annual #1 (2007)
34. ^ Secret Invasion: X-Men #2
35. ^ Uncanny X-Men #508
36. ^ Uncanny X-Men #511
37. ^ Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia #1
38. ^ Uncanny X-Men #514
39. ^ Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Exodus #1
40. ^ X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: Hellbound
41. ^ Chaos War: Alpha Flight #1
42. ^ Alpha Flight #1 (1983)
43. ^ X-Men #189
44. ^ X-Men #190
45. ^ X-Men: Age of Apocalypse #2
46. ^ Ultimate X-Men #46
47. ^ Ultimate X-Men #47
48. ^ Ultimate X-Men #94
49. ^ Ultimate X-Men #97
50. ^ New X-Men: Academy X # 16"
51. ^ ToyFare #124
52. ^ '"ToyFare #128
53. ^ http://www.wizarduniverse.com/jul084888.html^{[dead link]}

External links

• Northstar at the Comic Book DB
• MarvelDatabase:Northstar (Jean-Paul Beaubier)
• MarvelDatabase:Character Gallery Northstar (Jean-Paul Beaubier)
• MarvelDatabase:Northstar (Ultimate)
• AlphaFlight.Net Alphanex Entry On - Northstar
• UncannyXmen.net, spotlight on Northstar
• MutantHigh, Northstar Profile