Chlorothiazide

Chlorothiazide

Systematic (IUPAC) name
6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide
Clinical data
Trade names	Diuril
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682341
Pregnancy cat.	C(US)
Legal status	℞-only (US)
Routes	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Nil
Half-life	45 to 120 minutes
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
CAS number	58-94-6
ATC code	C03AA04
PubChem	CID 2720
DrugBank	APRD00721
ChemSpider	2619 Y
UNII	77W477J15H Y
KEGG	D00519 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:3640 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL842 Y
Chemical data
Formula	C7H6ClN3O4S2
Mol. mass	295.72 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
InChI InChI=1S/C7H6ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-3H,(H,10,11)(H2,9,12,13) Y Key:JBMKAUGHUNFTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
Y(what is this?)  (verify)

Chlorothiazide sodium (Diuril) is a diuretic used within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure. It is also used as an antihypertensive.

Most often taken in pill form, it is usually taken orally once or twice a day. In the ICU setting, chlorothiazide is given to diurese a patient in addition to furosemide (Lasix). Working in a separate mechanism than furosemide, and absorbed enterically as a reconstituted suspension administered through a nasogastric tube (NG tube), the two drugs potentiate one another without risk of toxicity. Because it is absorbed enterically there are no risks associated with chlorothiazide as there are with furosemide administration.

Indications

• Large amount of excess fluid including:
  • Diagnosed congested heart failure
  • Peripheral edema
  • Rales / Rhonchi
  • Hypertension

Contraindications

• Renal failure or insufficiency
• Allergies to sulfa drugs

Dose

• 500 mg–1 g once or twice a day, by mouth or through NG tube (reconstituted suspension)
• May also be given intravenously, and should be given first if given in combination with IV lasix since it potentiate's the diuretic effect of furosemide.

Side effects

• Nausea / Vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Excess urine production
• Dehydration
• Hypoelectrolytemia (esp. hypokalemia / hypomagnesia)

History

The Research team of Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories: Karl H. Beyer, Jr., M.D., Ph.D.; James M. Sprague, Ph.D.; John E. Baer, Ph.D.; and Frederick C. Novello, Ph.D. created a new series of medications, the thiazide diuretics, which includes chlorothiazide. They won an Albert Lasker Special Award in 1975 for its creation. http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/formaward.htm

Chemical

Novello, Frederick C.; Sprague, James M. (1957). Journal of the American Chemical Society 79 (8): 2028. doi:10.1021/ja01565a079.