Cerberus (protein)

Cerberus 1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis)
Identifiers
Symbols	CER1; DAND4; MGC119894; MGC119895; MGC96951
External IDs	OMIM: 603777 MGI: 1201414 HomoloGene: 3983 GeneCards: CER1 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • molecular_function • cytokine activity Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological process • negative regulation of cell proliferation • anterior/posterior axis specification • BMP signaling pathway • negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway • cell migration involved in gastrulation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	9350	12622
Ensembl	ENSG00000147869	ENSMUSG00000038192
UniProt	O95813	O55233
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005454	NM_009887.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005445	NP_034017.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 14.72 – 14.72 Mb	Chr 4: 82.53 – 82.53 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Cerberus also known as CER1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CER1 gene.^[1][2]

Function

Cerberus is an inhibitor in the TGF beta signaling pathway secreted during the gastrulation phase of the embryogenesis.

This gene encodes a cytokine member of the cystine knot superfamily, characterized by nine conserved cysteines and a cysteine knot region. The cerberus-related cytokines, together with Dan and DRM / Gremlin, represent a group of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists that can bind directly to BMPs and inhibit their activity.^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: CER1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9350. 
2. ^ Lah M, Brodnicki T, Maccarone P, Nash A, Stanley E, Harvey RP (February 1999). "Human cerberus related gene CER1 maps to chromosome 9". Genomics 55 (3): 364–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5671. PMID 10049596. 

Further reading

• Chen D, Zhao M, Mundy GR (2004). "Bone morphogenetic proteins.". Growth Factors 22 (4): 233–41. doi:10.1080/08977190412331279890. PMID 15621726. 
• Swinkels ME, Simons A, Smeets DF, et al. (2008). "Clinical and cytogenetic characterization of 13 Dutch patients with deletion 9p syndrome: Delineation of the critical region for a consensus phenotype.". Am. J. Med. Genet. A 146A (11): 1430–8. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32310. PMID 18452192. 
• Tang PL, Cheung CL, Sham PC, et al. (2009). "Genome-wide haplotype association mapping in mice identifies a genetic variant in CER1 associated with BMD and fracture in southern Chinese women.". J. Bone Miner. Res. 24 (6): 1013–21. doi:10.1359/jbmr.081258. PMID 19113921. 
• Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Hay BA, et al. (2009). Schrijver, Iris. ed. "Lung cancer susceptibility model based on age, family history and genetic variants.". PLoS ONE 4 (4): e5302. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005302. PMC 2668761. PMID 19390575. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2668761. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Biben C, Stanley E, Fabri L, et al. (1998). "Murine cerberus homologue mCer-1: a candidate anterior patterning molecule.". Dev. Biol. 194 (2): 135–51. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8812. PMID 9501024. 
• Gazzerro E, Canalis E (2006). "Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists.". Rev Endocr Metab Disord 7 (1-2): 51–65. doi:10.1007/s11154-006-9000-6. PMID 17029022. 
• Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, et al. (2004). "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.". Nature 429 (6990): 369–74. doi:10.1038/nature02465. PMC 2734081. PMID 15164053. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2734081. 
• Yerges LM, Klei L, Cauley JA, et al. (2009). "High-density association study of 383 candidate genes for volumetric BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine among older men.". J. Bone Miner. Res. 24 (12): 2039–49. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090524. PMC 2791518. PMID 19453261. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2791518. 
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (2004). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.". Protein Sci. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2286551. 
• Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Hay BA, et al. (2009). "A gene-based risk score for lung cancer susceptibility in smokers and ex-smokers.". Postgrad Med J 85 (1008): 515–24. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2008.077107. PMID 19789190. 

External links

• MeSH CER1+protein,+human

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.